了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E06

Part 1 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

美国国家航♥空♥航♥天♥局革命性的“朱诺号♥”探测器
<美国国家航♥空♥航♥天♥局简称NASA，以下将直接以NASA代替>
Narrator: Nasa's revolutionary
juno probe
正在进行一次大胆的木星之旅
is on a daring voyage
to jupiter.
它的目标是揭示太阳系
Its goal -- to reveal
the the deepest mysteries
最深层的奥秘
of our solar system.
我们今天在太阳系看到的一切
Everything we see
in the solar system today
都受到木星的影响，无论是过去还是现在
is affected by jupiter
somehow in the past or now,
所有的小行星，所有的行星
all the asteroids,
all the planets,
卫星、彗星和所有的一切
the moons,
the comets, everything.
所以在很多方面，“朱诺号♥”实际上让我们
So in many ways, juno is
actually giving us a view
看到了我们行星系统的历史
into the history
of our planetary system,
甚至是地球的历史
even the history of earth.
“朱诺号♥”的任务很危险
Narrator:
Juno's mission is risky.
木星可以像那样吞噬宇宙飞船
Jupiter could eat
the spacecraft like that.
但是通过潜入这个可怕的世界
Narrator: But by diving
perilously close
“朱诺号♥”可能会改变
to this monstrous world,
我们对太阳系的所有了解
juno could change everything
we know about our solar system.
如果你想知道发生了什么
If you want to know
what's happening,
你就得近距离观察
you got to get up
close and personal.
♪
[电噼啪声]
[ electricity crackles ]
[爆♥炸♥]
[ explosion ]
宇宙是如何运行的
第八季第6集美国宇航局的木星任务
♪
2016年独♥立♥日——
narrator:
Independence day, 2016--
“朱诺号♥”抵达木星
juno arrives at jupiter
并开始工作
and gets to work.
探测器将它的高分辨率摄像机
The probe angles its
high-resolution camera
对准这个风暴的世界
towards this stormy world.
“朱诺号♥”的照片没有让人失望
Juno's snaps do not disappoint.
♪
从“朱诺号♥”发回的图像非常漂亮
the images returned from juno
are just beautiful.
♪
♪
普莱特:突然之间你就有了这个星球的
plait: Suddenly you have this
magnificent mosaic
华丽的“马赛克”
of this planet.
♪
作为一个人类，我很惊讶，“哦，我的天，看看这个”
as a human being, I'm like,
"oh, my gosh, look at this.
“从木星传回来的这个，这太惊人了”
This is amazing. This is
coming back from jupiter."
这是最接近木星的景象
narrator: These are
the closest-ever views
一个5亿英里（约8亿公里）外的世界
of jupiter,
a world 500 million miles away.
♪
但我们派“朱诺号♥”来不仅仅是为了拍照
but we didn't send juno
just to take pictures.
它的主要目标之一是深入观察木星黑暗的心脏
One of its main goals is to peer
deep into jupiter's dark heart.
我们对木星最大的疑问之一是
One of the big questions
we have about jupiter is,
它有核吗？
does it have a core?
你可能会想，它当然有核心
And you'd think, well,
of course it has a core
就像所有行星都有核心一样
like every planet has a core.
地球有核心所有星球都有
The earth has a core.
Everything does.
然而，事实证明，木星可能不会
Well, it turns out,
jupiter might not.
知道一颗行星的核心是什么
Narrator: Knowing what lies at
a planet's core
可以让科学家把时间倒回到数十亿年前
allows scientists to wind back
the clock billions of years
行星的形成过程
to the formation
of the planets.
如果“朱诺号♥”能够揭示木星内部的秘密
If juno can reveal what lies
deep within jupiter,
它将改变我们对这颗气态巨行星
it could change
our understanding
形成过程的理解
of how the gas giant formed.
如果“朱诺号♥”发现了一个固体内核，这可能意味着
If juno finds a solid core,
it could mean
木星最初形成时是一个像地球一样的岩石行星
jupiter first formed
as a rocky planet like earth
然后不断增长
then kept growing,
但如果“朱诺号♥”没有发现内核
but if juno finds no core,
这可能意味着木星跳过了岩石阶段
it could mean that
jupiter skipped the rocky stage
直接由一团气体云形成
and formed straight
from a cloud of gas.
♪
回答这个问题也可以为我们
answering this question
could shine a light
解开其他的谜团
on other mysteries, too.
如果我们能弄清楚木星是如何形成的
If we can figure out
how jupiter formed,
我们就能弄清楚太阳系的其余部分
we can figure out the rest of
the story of the solar system.
♪
那么，当你能看到的只有云层的顶部时
so how do you probe down
into the interior of a planet
你如何探测行星的内部呢？
when all you can really see
are the very tops of the clouds?
不可思议的是，你可以利用重力
Well, incredibly,
you can use gravity.
当“朱诺号♥”绕木星运行时
As juno orbits jupiter,
它能在轨道上
it can sense in its orbit
感觉到木星引力的
tiny little variations
微小变化
in the gravitational pull
of jupiter.
当“朱诺号♥”绕着木星飞行的时候
Narrator:
As juno speeds around jupiter,
引力尖峰在拖曳着飞船
gravitational spikes
tug on the craft.
事实证明，木星的某些部分比其他部分密度更大
Turns out, some parts of jupiter
are denser than others.
如果木星有一个实心球，那么当“朱诺号♥”经过它时
If jupiter were some solid ball,
then as juno passes by it,
在云层顶部上方非常近的地方经过
as it passes very close
above its cloud tops,
轨道和轨迹会非常平滑
the orbit, the trajectory
would be very smooth,
但事实上，如果木星有层
but in fact,
if jupiter has layers,
或者有质量更多的地方
or places where
there is more mass
和有质量更少的地方，那么它对“朱诺号♥”的引力
and places where there's less,
then it's gonna pull on juno
就会有点不同
a little bit differently.
飞过质量集中的区域
Narrator: Passing over areas
of concentrated mass
会使“朱诺号♥”的速度加快
gives juno a speed boost.
所以他们所做的是，地球上的工程师
So what they do is,
the engineers back on earth
基本上只会问
can basically just say,
“它现在移♥动♥的速度有多快？”
"how fast is it moving
right now?
“现在呢？现在怎么样？”
How about now?
How about now?"
然后你就可以绘制一张木星上位于
and you build up a map of
where the mass is in jupiter
宇宙飞船下面的质量的地图
underneath the spacecraft
as it passes around.
“朱诺号♥”的仪器开始绘制这颗
Narrator: Juno's instruments
begin to map out
气体巨行星的心脏
the heart of gas giant,
第一次揭示了这个神秘的核心
revealing the mysterious core
for the first time.
“朱诺号♥”发现的木星中心
What juno found was
this amorphous mass,
是一种无定形物质，一种模糊的东西
a fuzzy thing
in the center of jupiter.
如果它的内核是金属和岩石
It's not as solid as we expected
那么它并不像我们想象的那么坚固
if it were just
a metal and rock core,
但那里确实有一些东西
but there is something there.
在行星的中心
Narrator:
In the center of the planet,