了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E05

Part 3 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

你实际上比住在地下室的人
in a penthouse, you are actually
aging more quickly
衰老得更快
than someone who lives
in the basement.
这些时间差只是一秒钟的
Narrator: These time differences
are just tiny fractions
微少分数
of a second.
但宇宙中有一个地方
But there is a place
in the universe
强大的引力使时间戏剧性地慢下来，那就是——
where powerful gravitational
forces slow time dramatically --
黑洞
a black hole.
黑洞是一个空间区域
A black hole
is a region of space
这个空间的弯曲非常大，以至于连光都无法逃脱
where the space is so curved
that not even light can escape.
黑洞在很多方面都是自然的时间机器
A black hole in many ways
is a natural time machine.
你离黑洞越近
The closer you get to
a black hole,
越接近引力源，时间就越慢
the more into that gravity,
the slower time goes.
在银河系的中心
Narrator: At the center
of the milky way
坐落着人马座A星
sits sagittarius a star,
一个超大质量的黑洞有四百万颗太阳的质量
a super massive black hole with
the mass of four million suns.
要使用这个自然的时间机器
To use this
natural time machine,
我们必须发射一艘宇宙飞船
we would have to send
a spacecraft.
一旦宇宙飞船接近黑洞
Once that spacecraft
gets near the black hole,
奇怪的事情就会发生了
strange things
will begin to occur.
任务控制中心会看到宇航员
The mission control
would see the astronauts say,
[慢慢地]说“你好”
[ slowly ] "hello."
宇航员会听到的回答是
and the astronauts
would hear the answer,
[很快地]“哦，天哪，我担心你”
[ quickly ] "oh my god,
I'm worried about you.
“你还好吗？”
Is everything okay?"
显然说得太快了
apparently speaking too fast.
然后宇航员会
And then the astronauts
will respond,
[缓慢地]回答:“我很好”
[ slowly ] "I'm fine."
他们好像在慢动作地移♥动♥
they would seem
to be moving in slow motion.
[哔哔声]
[ beeping ]
宇航员驾驶飞船进入
narrator: The crew steer
the craft into orbit
超大质量黑洞的轨道
around the super massive
black hole.
任务控制中心可能每16小时就能看到飞船在轨道上飞
Mission control might see
the craft orbit every 16 hours.
但对于宇航员来说，轨道要短得多
But for the crew,
the orbit is far shorter.
巨大的人马座A星的引力
The immense gravity
of sagittarius a star
减慢了飞船相对于任务控制的时间
slows the craft's time
relative to mission control.
卡罗尔:如果你进入一个强大的引力场
Carroll: If you enter a strong
gravitational field,
比如黑洞附近，然后你回来
like near a black hole
and then you come back,
你经历的时间会比
you will have experienced
less time than someone who just
刚刚留在地球上的人少
stayed behind here on earth,
但你不会觉得奇怪
but it never feels
strange to you.
你每次看着你的手表
You always look at your
wristwatch and the clock
时钟的滴答声和你预期的完全一样
is ticking at exactly the same
rate as you would expect.
你甚至不会注意到你处在一个引力场中
You don't even notice that
you're in a gravitational field
直到你回来，把你的时钟
until you come back
and compare your clocks
和那些留下的人比较
to the people who left behind.
通过这种方式，靠近黑洞旅行
In this way, travelling close
to a black hole
然后回来，与留下来的人的时间相比
and then coming back allows you
to accelerate your passage
就可以让你加速穿越时间
through time compared to people
who stayed behind.
所以你是在时间上进行跳跃
So you're jumping in time.
这真的是时间旅行的方式
You really are time travelling
in that way.
如果黑洞外的引力
Narrator: If the gravity
outside a black hole
使飞船在时间上加速
accelerates a spacecraft
through time,
里面会怎样呢？
what does the inside do?
为了找到答案，宇航员们向黑洞的视界
To find out, the crew send
a manned probe towards
发射了一个载人探测器
the black hole's event horizon.
泰勒:如果你能和它们保持联♥系♥
Thaller: If you could maintain
communication with them,
你会观察到的一件事情
one of the things
you would observe
一切都在变红
is that everything
would get reddened,
光实际上是在失去能量
that the light is actually
losing energy
因为它正在从黑洞的引力中出来
as it comes out of that gravity
of the black hole.
普莱特:它会变得越来越暗，最终
Plait: It will get dimmer
and dimmer, and eventually,
当它正好落在视界上时
as it falls right on to
that event horizon,
它就会消失并冻结
it just fades out and freezes.
在视界上
Narrator: At the event horizon,
探测器似乎冻结在时间里，然后消失了
the probe appears to freeze
in time and fade away.
但在探测器上，时间一点也没有变化
But on board the probe,
time doesn't change a bit.
船员们一头扎进黑洞
The crew plunge
into the black hole.
在内部，巨大的引力
Inside, immense
gravitational forces
可能会像意大利面条一样把探测器拉长
might stretch the probe
like spaghetti.
如果飞船侥幸幸存下来，船员们
If the craft survives,
the crew push on
将继续向中心奇点推进
towards the central singularity,
在那里物理定律并不适用
a place where the laws of
physics do not apply.
奇点是真正的不连续点
A singularity is a true
discontinuity, a causal break
是时空结构本身的一种因果断裂
in the fabric
of spacetime itself.
这是一种奇特的说法，说明我们不知道
And that's a fancy way of saying
that we have no idea
它下面发生了什么
what happens beneath it.
如果奇点是时空的一种突破
Narrator: If singularity is
a break in spacetime,
它能让我们穿越时间吗？
could it let us jump
through time?
明加雷利:超大质量黑洞内部
Mingarelli: What happens
on the inside
发生的一切都属于非常先进的
of a super massive black hole
is all very much in the realm
理论物理领域
of very advanced
theoretical physics.
事实上，超大质量黑洞
In fact, the singularity
at the center
中心的奇点
of a super massive black hole,
甚至有可能穿过它
it may be possible
to even go through it.
对于它可能意味着什么
There's many interpretations
of what it could
有很多解释——平行宇宙或时间旅行
potentially mean -- parallel
universes or time travel.
♪
泰勒:可能是空间和时间变得更加混乱
thaller: It could be that space
and time gets far more chaotic.
空间和时间中的不同点在各个方向上
Different points in space
and time connect to each other
相互连接
in every direction.
所以在黑洞的核心
So at the very heart
of the black hole,
你确实可以接触到宇宙空间
you indeed may be able to access
any point in space
或时间中的任何一点
or time in the universe.
我们不能确定奇点是否是
Narrator: We can't know for sure
if the singularity