了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S10E01

Part 1 Aug. 5, 2022, 5:04 p.m.

夜空
The night sky.
数不清的恒星和浩瀚的银河系
Countless stars
and the majestic sweep
但在我们这个超星系团之外
of the Milky Way, but beyond
our local neighborhood,
在整个宇宙中
across the cosmos,
there are over
还有超过两万亿个星系
two trillion more galaxies.
泰勒:当我们第一次开始观察星系时
THALLER: When we first began
to observe galaxies,
我们像收集蝴蝶一样收集它们
we collected them
like butterflies.
渐渐地，我们意识到
Little by little,
we realized that
它们结成了一张网
they formed a web.
宇宙网是连接宇宙每个角落的
The cosmic web is
the infrastructure that connects
基础设施
every corner of the universe.
如果你不了解宇宙的网络
You don't know anything
about our universe
你就对我们的宇宙一无所知
if you don't understand
the cosmic web.
是它哺育了星系，也是它创建了星系
It feeds galaxies.
It forms galaxies.
它是星系制♥造♥者
It is made of galaxies.
它是一切事物的建筑师
It's the architect
of everything,
我们宇宙的未来取决于它
and our cosmic future
depends on it.
宇宙网是宇宙最重要的组成部分之一——
The cosmic web is one of
the most important parts
它在宇宙的演化中
of our universe --
It plays a key role
扮演着关键的角色
in the evolution of the cosmos.
如果没有宇宙网，就不会有恒星、行星
Without the cosmic web,
there would be no stars,
宇宙中没有任何地方
no planets, nowhere in
the universe where
有生命存在的条件
the conditions of life
could exist.
宇宙是如何从一锅热气汤变成
How did the universe go
from a hot soup of gas
布满星系、行星和我们的
to a cosmic web,
sprinkled with galaxies,
宇宙网的呢？
planets, and us?
宇宙是如何运行的
第十季第1集神秘的宇宙网
宇宙看起来可能是随机的
The universe may appear random.
两万亿个星系，遍布宇宙
Two trillion galaxies,
spread across the cosmos.
但在这个宇宙混沌中
But in this cosmic chaos,
科学家发现了网络
<英文字幕中是 water 即水，但结合上下文>
<此处应该是网络即 Network >
scientists detect water.
当我们第一次看到宇宙中
When we first saw that
the universe was full
充满了星系的时候，它看起来极其的混乱
of galaxies, it seemed like
overwhelming chaos,
但事实并非如此——它们都是相互联♥系♥的
but it's not --
They're all connected.
星系连接成一个巨大的宇宙网络
Galaxies link up
in a gigantic cosmic network
横跨整个宇宙
spanning the entire universe.
这种模式是如何出现的？这也许是宇宙学中
How this pattern emerged
may be cosmology's
最大的谜题
biggest puzzle.
在某种意义上，如果你不了解
In some senses, you don't
understand something
一件事是如何产生和形成的
unless you understand
how it comes into existence
你就无法理解它
and how it's formed.
星系是我们宇宙的
And galaxies are the basic
building block
基本组成部分
of our universe.
为了解开这个谜题，科学家们需要深入研究
To solve this mystery,
scientists need to go deep,
深入到可观测宇宙的边缘
to the very edge of
the observable universe,
研究最初星系发出的光
and study light from
the first galaxies.
2021年智利
Chile, 2021.
科学家们将超大望远镜(VLT)
Scientists point the VLT,
or Very Large Telescope,
指向哈勃超深场
towards the Hubble
Ultra Deep Field.
这是哈勃太空望远镜
It's a patch of sky
famously photographed
在1995年拍摄的著名的天空
by the Hubble Space Telescope
in 1995.
VLT的能力让天文学家
The VLT's power allows
astronomers to see
可以看到更深处的太空
much deeper into space.
想象拿一粒沙子
Imagine you take
a grain of sand,
把它放在你的指尖
and you put it
on your fingertip,
保持住你的手臂
and you hold your arm out
like this,
那块天空就像是看着
and you block a part of
the sky looking
这粒沙子的一部分——
at that grain of sand --
That's the size
这是哈勃超深空影像的尺寸
of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
and yet it contains
但它却包含了成千上万的星系
thousands of galaxies in it.
望远镜观测这些星系
The telescope stares
at those galaxies
长达155个小时，并捕捉到最微弱的发光……
for 155 hours and picks up
the faintest of glows...
古老的氢气聚集在
ancient hydrogen gas
concentrated along a strand
1500万光年长的太空中
of space 15 million
lightyears long.
这些细丝只是宇宙网的一小部分
The filaments are just
one tiny section
宇宙网是宇宙中
of the cosmic web,
the largest known
已知的最大结构
structure in the universe.
宇宙网的规模是巨大的
The scale of the cosmic web
is enormous.
根据定义，它是我们能在宇宙中
It is, by definition,
the largest thing
看到的最大的物体
that we can see in our universe.
今天，宇宙网是由细丝组成的晶格
Today, the cosmic web
is a lattice of filaments,
连接着氢气流
linked streams of hydrogen gas
形成了横跨整个宇宙的
that form an intergalactic
network spanning
星系间网络
the entire universe.
在宇宙网的节点里
Inside the nodes of
the cosmic web,
你会发现星系、恒星和黑洞
you'll find galaxies
and stars and black holes.
沿着这些细丝，你会发现
Along the filaments,
you'll find gas
连接这些节点的气体，这些气体
that connects these nodes,
and the gas will connect
会连接到其他星系和星系团
to the other galaxies
and clusters of galaxies.
这好像是由这些细丝
It's this beautiful
superhighway of
连接起来的美丽的大城市高速公路
large cities that are connected
through these filaments.
布洛克:我们能看到
BULLOCK:
We can see the cosmic web
最远的宇宙网
about as far back as
we can look,
星系的确是一直沿着宇宙网
and really, galaxies are
forming along that web
而形成
all the way back.
这种宇宙基础结构
This cosmic
infrastructure dates back
可以追溯到宇宙的早期
to the earliest days
of the universe.
138亿年前
13.8 billion years ago,
宇宙在一个超热的能量小球中
the universe ignites in
a tiny ball
爆发
of super hot energy.
它膨胀并开始冷却
It expands and begins to cool.
能量转化成原始的
Energy transforms
into primitive,
亚原子的物质粒子
subatomic particles of matter.
大爆♥炸♥产生的能量非常之大
The heat from the Big Bang
is so intense,
以至于引力几乎无能为力
gravity is
effectively powerless.