贝尔蒂·格雷戈里：与动物零距离（2023）

而是薄薄一层浮在水面上
这种又薄又平的形状
And because it's this lovely skinny, flat shape,
使得它很适合
it makes it a really good platform
让海豹跳出水中，在上面休息
for the seals to jump out of the water and to rest on.
不过尽管这里很适合让海豹休息
But while it's a great place for the seals to rest,
那也意味着虎鲸能够非常接近牠们
it also means the killer whales can get very close to them.
使得牠们不容易脱身
It doesn't take them far out of harm's way.
[serene music concludes]
[dramatic music playing]
平坦的海冰是B1虎鲸浪击的必要条件
Flat sea ice is essential for the B1s' wave-wash attacks.
[birds chirping]
但问题是海冰越来越难找
[Bertie] But the problem is, it's getting harder to find.
过去十年来，海冰正在稳定消失
Sea ice has been steadily disappearing over the last decade.
这里或许看起来很冷
You might think this place looks cold,
但南极洲却是地球上暖化最快的地区
but Antarctica is one of the fastest warming regions on Earth.
我们再次找到一家三口母鲸
We managed to find the family of three females again
正在寻找猎物
as they search for prey.
没有平坦的冰块 原本意味着没有食物可以吃
No flat ice should mean no food for them.
但是这些聪明的掠食动物
But these intelligent predators
are always on the lookout for any opportunity.
随时在寻找各种机会
好，那里有一头海豹 看起来也是威德尔海豹
Okay, there is a seal. That looks like a Weddell seal as well.
海豹两点钟方向有两头虎鲸
There are two killer whales next to the seal at our two o'clock.
距离很近，伯蒂
Very close, Bertie.
好，牠们发现牠了
[Bertie] Okay, they found it.
这块冰来自冰川 因此在水面下延伸得很深
This is glacial ice, so it runs deep below the surface,
而B1虎鲸无法在水中游动 因此不能使用浪击
and the B1s can't swim underneath. Wave-washing is not an option.
牠们将海豹困在冰块旁
Oh. So, they've got the seal pinned right against the chunk of ice.
有一小块凸出处
There's a little ledge that the seal's using
海豹将后鳍肢挂在上面
to get its hind flippers on.
虎鲸想偷偷溜到旁边
You can see the killer whales trying to sneak 'round the side,
咬住牠的后鳍肢
trying to grab its hind flippers.
咬到了，其中一头
Oh. They got it, they grabbed it. They man... One of them managed
绕到海豹后面，咬住牠的鳍肢
to get around the back of it and grab its flippers
把牠拖下去，牠松口了
and they've just pulled it down. Oh, they let it go.
海豹转过身子，用嘴巴保护自己
Well, the seal has spun around to defend itself with its bite.
虎鲸，你们要怎么做？ 得采用其他策略
What are you gonna do, killer whales? You're gonna need another strategy.
牠们对猎物非常谨慎
They're delicate with the prey
用谨慎来形容
and that seems like a pretty weird thing to say
如此巨大的掠食动物似乎很奇怪 但这是真的
that such a massive predator would be delicate, but they are.
牠们小心翼翼地试着咬住海豹
They're really carefully just trying to nip it and grab it.
虽然牠们体型比牠大好几倍
Even though they are many times bigger than it,
海豹仍然很危险，牠有满口尖牙
that seal is still dangerous. It’s got a big mouth full of teeth.
若是抓伤眼睛 可能会削弱牠们的狩猎技巧
A blinding scratch to their eyes could blunt their hunting skills
最终导致丧命
and ultimately be fatal.
B1虎鲸正在转换战术
The B1s are switching tactics.
牠们喷出泡泡，让海豹头晕目眩
Look at them blow bubbles to disorientate the seal!
- [dramatic music concludes] - [Bertie] Oh. Savage.
真狠
虽然花了一番心血
It's taken a lot of effort,
但是B1虎鲸仍想出其他办法 猎捕冰川浮冰上的海豹
but the B1s figured out a different way of hunting a seal on glacial ice
而不是在平坦海冰上
- rather than flat sea ice. - [birds chirping]
这次的成功 对整个生态系统来说至关重要
[Bertie] And this one kill is vital for the whole ecosystem.
[birds chirping]
这些顶级掠食动物
[Bertie] These apex predators are now providing food
为住在这里的其他动物提供食物 主要是鸟类
for the other species that live here, predominantly birds.
有贼鸥飞下来吃肉
So, we've got some skua coming down, taking pieces of meat.
有黄蹼洋海燕在水面上跳舞
We've got Wilson's storm petrels dancing on the water's surface,
叼走几滴油脂
just picking off little droplets of oil.
- [birds chirping] - [calm music playing]
终于饱餐一顿后 虎鲸家族慢慢回到开放海域
[Bertie] Having fed at last, the family cruises back into open water...
与其他B1虎鲸会合
and meets up with more B1s.
想到目前已知只剩下一百头
Considering there are only 100 known to be alive,
一次看到这么多头B1虎鲸真是神奇
it's magical to see so many in one place.
但是牠们怎么会聚集成如此一大群？
But how have such a large group come together?
我们知道虎鲸透过声音来沟通
We know killer whales use sound to communicate,
这正是个大好机会可以深入了解
and this is a great opportunity to learn more.
[calm music concludes]
趁着这个鲸群处于非常放松的状态
[Bertie] Well, while this pod's in this really mellow, relaxed state,
我们要试著录下一些声音
we're gonna take advantage of that and see if we can record some sound.
[whales clicking]
我听到的声音仿佛来自外太空
The noises I'm hearing sound like something from outer space.
就像这样…
- They're going... [imitates whale voice] - [whales clicking]
可以听到喀嚓喀嚓的声音
Can hear them clicking. Click, click, click, click, click, click.
那是回音定位法 牠们就是借此来了解水中环境
That's echolocation, that's how they see the environment underwater.
尽管水中能见度非常差
Even though the underwater visibility is very bad.
所以牠们会发出喀嚓声 遇到冰块和陆地等东西就会回弹
So, they send out clicks that bounce off of objects like ice and the land.
牠们可以利用传回来的声音
And then they hear that bounce back, and they can use that to create a picture
创造出周围环境的影像，好确认陆地
of their environment, so they know where the land is,
和冰块在哪里 哪里的冰上可能有海豹
where the ice is, where there might be seals out on ice.
- [whales clicking] - Oh, there’s a big guttural.
好大的喉音
- [imitates whale voice] - [whales clicking]
牠们的叫声在水中 可以传到将近十哩远
[Bertie] Their calls can travel nearly 10 miles underwater.
科学家认为这是B1虎鲸在浪击时
Scientists think this is one of the ways B1s swim with perfect coordination
能够完美协调的方法之一
when wave-washing.
真酷，变安静了
That's really cool, they've gone quiet now.
那只硕大的公鲸鱼过来时真的好大声
It was too loud when that big male came over.
就像这样
It was like... [imitates whale voice]
[dramatic music playing]
天气变了，我们也追丢了B1虎鲸群
[Bertie] The weather turns, and we lose the large pod of B1s.
没有虎鲸好追踪
Without killer whales to follow,
我们转换策略，继续寻找平坦的海冰
we switch tactics and search for flat sea ice again.
所以我们在水道继续往北走 航向冰层
So, we head further north, up the Gullet, towards the ice sheet.
这就是我们要找的目标 仿佛一块托盘
This is what we're looking for. This is an absolute tea tray...
海豹会在上面休息、睡觉和闲晃
that the seals use to rest and sleep and hang out.
很好，我们找到栖息地了
Right, good. We're in the right habitat.
越多平坦的海冰出现 就能看到越多海豹
With more flat sea ice, we're seeing more seals.
但这些不是威德尔海豹 而是食蟹海豹
But these are not Weddells, they're crabeaters.
牠们更加敏捷，也非常强悍
They're more agile and very aggressive.
B1虎鲸不太愿意猎捕牠们
- The B1s are reluctant to hunt them. - [seal hisses]
接近水道底
[Bertie] Near the top of the Gullet,
比我们原先以为这个时节的终点 更深的地方
much further than we thought we'd be able to go at this time of year,
我们来到了大冰层 也就是巨大的冰块制♥造♥机
we hit the great sheet of ice, the giant ice-maker.
终于啊，威德尔海豹
Ah, finally, Weddell seals.
但是要靠近牠们可不容易
But getting to them is gonna be a challenge.
航道完全被海冰塞住
This channel is completely clogged with sea ice,
形成了超大的冰冻屏障
and it's just formed one massive frozen barrier.
我们可以靠过去瞧瞧吗？
[Ben over radio] We can nudge into it and have a look?
我正在评估风险回报 只要有一点点改变
I'm just looking at risk-reward. This has only gotta change a little bit
可能就会回不来
and it becomes an issue to get back.
对，死亡永远不是第一选择
Yeah, I mean death is always sub-optimal.
所以可能不值得
So, probably not worth it.
移♥动♥的冰块相当危险
Shifting ice is dangerous.
我们的钢制船身能够承受低速撞击
Our steel hull is built to withstand low speed collisions,
但是很容易被困住
but it is easy to get trapped.
北极探险家 恩斯特沙克尔顿的船坚忍♥号♥
Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton's ship, the Endurance,
就是在遭到南极冰块撞击后沉没
sank after being crushed by Antarctic ice.
直到一百多年后才被寻获
And it wasn't found for over 100 years.
遇到麻烦了，我们被困在冰里
Actually got bit of an issue here. We're sort of stuck in the ice.
环境随着潮汐和风变化如此迅速
It's amazing how much this environment
真是神奇
changes so quickly with the tides and the wind.
我们挤进这堆冰块里
We just sort of nudged into this little bit of ice
看看情况，结果一转眼间就被困住了
to see what was going on and then all of a sudden, we were stuck.
这里拍摄起来难度很高
This place is really challenging to film in 'cause you learn
因为你知道所有热点，知道冰在哪里
all the hotspots, you learn where the ice is,
然后有人按下重设钮 就把所有东西都打乱了
and then someone hits the reset button and moves all the pieces around.
如果出状况，船被困住
You know, if this goes wrong, if the boat gets trapped,
救援远在天边
help is a long way away.
班似乎成功脱困了 我们应该不会有事的
It feels like Ben's managed to get us out, so I think we're gonna be okay.
[ice scraping]
冰块刮过船身的声音好神奇
Ah, the sound of the ice scraping down the hull's amazing.
真是千钧一发
A close call. We leave the ice sheet behind
我们离开冰层
在附近的海冰中寻找B1虎鲸
and search the nearby sea ice for B1 killer whales.
神奇的是 我们又遇到母虎鲸一家三口
Unbelievably, it's the family of three females again,
但是这一次
but this time, they seem to have joined forces
牠们似乎和另一个鲸群联手寻找猎物
with another pod to look for prey.
B1虎鲸必须团队合作才能执行浪击
B1 killer whales can only wave-wash as a team,