贝尔蒂·格雷戈里：与动物零距离（2023）

It's not safe for the cubs here and she sets off
牠起身带牠们离开，越远越好
to move them as far away as possible.
我们只能尽力跟上
All we can do is try to keep up.
可怜的佩塔佳，牠带着幼狮逃离
Poor Petacca, she is fleeing with the cubs, you know,
牠们走了好多哩
they've moved miles and miles.
They've gone pretty much from the far eastern end of
差不多从地盘的最东处
their territory to almost the western end.
走到了最西处
牠们一定走了
They must have covered,
大概五、六哩
I don't know, five, six miles already.
牠似乎安顿下来了
Ah, she looks pretty settled and we're going to lose the light,
天也快黑了，所以我们得离开了
so we've got to leave her.
今天对这头强悍的美洲狮来说 是艰辛的一天
Been a tough day for a very tough cat.
除了对抗公狮之外，佩塔佳有时候
As well as confronting males, Petacca must sometimes fight off
赶走其他母狮，好保护自己的狩猎场
other females to protect her hunting grounds.
除此之外，牠每天还得喂养幼狮
And that's all on top of her daily battle to feed the cubs.
隔天早上，一家三口不见踪影
The following morning, the family is nowhere to be seen.
地盘在这里攸关生死
Territory is a matter of life and death here.
为了完全了解佩塔佳的难处
To fully understand Petacca's struggles,
我必须亲自走遍牠的活动范围
I need to see all of her range for myself.
为了看清全貌，我得爬上高处
Really to get context I need to go up high.
So, I want to go up there.
所以我要爬到那里去
海拔九千呎的阿密兰提尼厄托峰
At 9,000 feet, Monte Almirante Nieto is almost
30 times the height of the Statue of Liberty.
是自♥由♥女神像的将近30倍高
从山顶上可以看到 完整的美洲狮保护区
From the summit you can see
the whole of the puma protected area.
罗贝托和追踪团队 将留下来继续寻找佩塔佳
Roberto and the tracking team will stay behind
to search for Petacca.
隔天一早
Early next morning I get ready to climb with
我准备和一群特别向导一起登山
a team of specialist guides.
尼克瑟库和克里斯托巴森纽瑞
Nico Secul and Cristobal Señoret are two of the best mountaineers
是巴塔哥尼亚最厉害的两位登山家
in Patagonia, an area feared by climbers because
这个地区因天气难以捉摸 让登山手闻风色变
of its unpredictable weather.
今天真是个好日子
Lovely day for it!
欢迎来到巴塔哥尼亚
(laughter)
CRISTOBAL: Welcome to Patagonia.
(laughter)
太阳要出来了
BERTIE: Sun's coming.
真高兴看到太阳
Oh I am glad to see that!
我的腿
Oh my legs.
我来道路线中最陡峭的部分
Well I've reached the steepest part of the route,
这里真的很陡
it really gets steep here.
胡安已经先上去了
So Juan's gone up ahead, he's fixing a rope for me to
他要固定好绳索，让我攀爬
climb up behind him.
这一定很辛苦
This is going to be hard work.
八个小时后，我们首度看到目的地
Eight hours later, we get our first glimpse of the target.
就在那里，看到第一座山峰了
There it is, the summit is in sight.
我们快到了
We're gonna make it, here we go.
来吧，再继续走一点，尼克
Little more Nico.
Woah.
我对于保护区竟然这么小 感到讶异无比
I'm struck by how small the protected area looks given that
毕竟有上百头美洲狮 必须在里头划分地盘
up to 100 cats need to carve out territories within it.
上来这里就看得很清楚
When you're up here you really see it,
这地方可说是美洲狮的天堂
this place is a, a paradise for pumas but, you know,
(农地，美洲狮保护区)
但是从这里可以看到园区的边界
this park has boundaries that you can see from up here.
牠们只要一踏出去
The moment that they step outside, you know,
they go from a place where the pumas reign,
就会从美洲狮统治的地区 变成人类占优势的地区
to a place where humans reign.
保护区的限制
The limits of the protected area are a real issue
对佩塔佳的幼狮 与其他年轻美洲狮来说是一大问题
for Petacca's cubs and other young pumas.
成年后
As they reach adulthood, brothers and sisters like
像佛斯特和布莉丝的手足会分道扬镳 以避免近亲交♥配♥
Frost and Breeze will drift apart to avoid inbreeding.
但是这通常会使得美洲狮越过栅栏
But this often pushes pumas across the fence where farms
那里豢养家畜的农场是很诱人的目标
with livestock are tempting targets.
这会让牠们与人类
This leads to a bitter,
发生不幸冲突，有时甚至导致死亡
and sometimes deadly conflict with humans.
(speaking in native language).
荷西安东尼欧库桑诺维奇 在美洲狮保护区豢养绵羊
BERTIE: Jose Antonio Kusanovich has been a sheep farmer in
已经数十载，他就住在最前线
puma country for decades, living right on the frontline.
可以让你看样东西吗？
JOSE: I'm going to show you something.
哇
BERTIE: Wow!
- 这是你吗？ - 对
BERTIE: Is this you? JOSE: Yes!
这是荷西和三头美洲狮
BERTIE: Well this is a picture of Jose with three pumas.
我被迫猎杀牠们
JOSE: I was forced to hunt them.
牠们会杀害羊只，我当时只能这么做
They were killing the sheep and
at that time it was the only solution.
如今智利已经立法禁止杀害美洲狮
BERTIE: Killing pumas is now illegal in Chile,
但是有些农民还是会使用子弹 来阻止这些大猫猎捕家畜
but some farmers still resort to bullets to
stop the cats hunting their livestock.
荷西相信有其他的解决之道
Jose believes there is another solution.
(barking)
哈啰，我的狗狗们，你们好吗？
JOSE: Hello dogs!
How are you my puppies?
这些是护卫犬 牠们受过训练保护羊只抵抗美洲狮
BERTIE: These are guardian dogs,
trained to protect sheep from pumas.
你们好啊
Hi guys! Hi!
荷西创立了饲育计划
Jose has started a breeding program and donates the dogs
将狗捐赠给农民，以阻止冲突
to farmers to try and stop conflict.
牠们看起来好大
These ones look big but they're actually puppies,
但其实还只是幼犬，正在训练中
they're in training.
不过牠们已经和羊住在一起 我猜他们从小就教导牠们
But they've got them in with the sheep so I guess they teach them
羊只是朋友
from a very early age that sheep are their friends,
必须保护牠们
they need to protect the sheep.
荷西说他今天
But Jose has just said that he's actually going to take one
要带其中一只出去，放到羊群里
of these out to be released into the,
the sheep herd later today.
(barking)
这些狗出生后的两个月 都跟母亲和一头绵羊待在一起
The dogs spend their first two months of life with
their mother and a sheep,
接下来一个月则只有绵羊
followed by another month with just the sheep.
然后就准备好加入羊群
Then they're ready to join the flock.
那只狗跑去加入其他狗了
Well that dog's run off to go join the rest of the other dogs.
现在牠要成为真正的牧羊犬 和羊一起待在野外了
It's time to become a proper shepherd dog,
out in the wild with the sheep.
(bleating)
你为什么决定这么做？
Why did you decide to do this?
我们别无选择 因为我们失去了很多羊
JOSE: We were forced to because we were losing so many sheep.
荷西每年会折损几百头羊
BERTIE: Jose was losing hundreds of sheep,
占他的家畜总数四成
40% of his livelihood every year.
我们必须照顾羊群 杀死任何前来的掠食动物
JOSE: We had to watch the flock and
kill any predator that moved.
但是我们发现这并非解决之道
But we soon realised that wasn't the solution because
因为那并没有减少 我们损失的动物数量
it didn't reduce the number of animals we were losing.
每当美洲狮死去或遭杀害
BERTIE: When a puma dies or is killed,
就会有另一头大猫前来来 接收牠们的地盘，问题也就继续存在
another cat moves in to occupy their range and
the problem continues.
荷西告诉我附近一座大农场 在开始使用他的狗之前
Jose tells me about a big farm nearby that was killing
100 pumas a year before they tried using his dogs.
每年会杀害上百头美洲狮
六只幼犬和一只成犬
JOSE: Six puppies and only one adult dog
六个月里，他们只失去两头羊
and in six months they lost just two sheep.
很多农民都想养狗 繁殖业者根本来不及培育
So many farmers want dogs,
breeders can't raise them fast enough.
我也没办法
Neither can I.
今天能够认识荷西安东尼欧 了解他的工作，实在很有意思
BERTIE: Today's been really fascinating,
getting to know Jose Antonio and his work.
当我得知他曾杀害美洲狮时
You know, when I found out that he has killed pumas before
我以为我会有特定的反应
I expected to react in a certain way,
但其实情况没有这么单纯
but actually it's more complicated than that.
当我望向一群绵羊的时候
You know, when I look out at a field of sheep,
我看到的是一群绵羊 但他看到的是他的生计
I see a field of sheep but he sees his livelihood.
所以我可以理解当美洲狮
So I can understand that when a puma comes into that field and
来到这里杀害羊只时 他一定会想保护牠们
starts killing all his sheep, he's going to be protective.
最棒的是他用护卫犬代替枪枝
What's great is that he has swapped guns for guardian dogs,
想出实际的解决之道来照顾羊只
he's come up with a practical solution that
looks after his sheep and looks after the pumas.
和美洲狮
随着美洲狮在保护区里逐渐壮大
As pumas thrive inside the protected area,
牠们必定会继续开枝散叶
they will continue to spread out across boundaries
跨越牠们不明白的边界
they don't understand.
除非能找到方法让人类和美洲狮
Unless a way can be found for humans and pumas to occupy
在同一片土地上和平共处 否则美洲狮将会持续丧命
the same land peacefully, pumas will continue to die.
护卫犬也许是答案 但是我想亲眼见识
Guardian dogs could be the answer.
But I want to see it for myself.