冰冻星球（2011）

南极 这片广袤冰封的大♥陆♥
Antarctica, a vast, ice-locked continent
比美国和墨西哥的国土总和还大
larger than the United States and Mexico combined.
这是地球上最寒冷 风最大 最荒凉的地方
This is the coldest, windiest, most lifeless place on Earth,
仅在一百年前 人类才首次踏上这片土地
first explored by humans just 100 years ago.
如今 这片无垠的荒野
Today, this vast wilderness
变成了一个巨大的实验室
has become a giant laboratory
供地球上最重要 最前沿的科研使用
for the most important and cutting-edge science on our planet.
极 地 科 学
踏上地理意义上的南极
Landing at the geographical South Pole,
即地球的最南端
the southernmost place on Earth,
仿佛置身于别的星球
feels like visiting another planet.
前方坐落着阿蒙森-斯科特南极站
Ahead lies the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station,
这是有史以来建造过的
one of the most sophisticated
最尖端的科研机构之一
scientific research facilities ever built.
虽说坐落于
Despite sitting on top
海拔近一万英尺[约三千米]的冰盖之上
of the icecap at an altitude of almost 10,000 feet,
但这座科考站的室温
the station is maintained at a comfortable
却常年维持在宜人的20摄氏度
20 degrees centigrade throughout the year.
这里汇聚了各个领域的科学家
It hosts scientists from a whole range of disciplines
还拥有世界上数一数二的两架望远镜
and is home to two of the most powerful telescopes on Earth.
除了拥有高科技设备
As well as housing hi-tech kit,
这里还配备了一个生命保障系统
the base provides a life support system
让人们在相对舒适的环境下休息 工作和娱乐
for people to rest, work and play in relative comfort.
停泊地
这座令人惊叹的建筑
This astonishing building
科学实验室
代表着工业技术和工程学的巨大成功
is a triumph of technology and engineering
也是地球上
and is as close to a space station
最接近空间站的基地
as you can find anywhere on Earth.
而如此之大的一座科考站需要补给
But a station this big needs support.
每年夏天都有一支车队送来供给品
Each summer, a convoy of tractors brings in supplies
它们要跋涉过一条雪道
travelling along a snow road
绰号♥叫做麦克默多南极公路
nicknamed the McMurdo South Pole Highway,
走完这段路程要耗时一个多月
a journey that takes more than four weeks.
它们运来的货物
The goods they bring
可以维持基地接下来半年的生活
will help sustain the base for the next six months.
车队离开后不久
Not long after the convoy departs,
太阳落山 不再升起
the sun sets for the last time.
南极的冬天降临了
The Antarctic winter has begun.
这个漫长漆黑的夜晚将持续数月
A long, dark night that will last for months.
只有到了极地的冬天
It's in the polar winter
南极站的舒适与安全
that the comfort and safety of the South Pole Station
才真正显现出来
really comes into its own.
尽管研究活动的高峰在夏季
Though the peak of research activity is in the summer,
但科考站常年都在运作
the station functions all the year round
有50名基干人员
with a skeleton crew of 50 people,
要在这里度过整个冬天
who spend the whole winter here.
他们使用温室
They have risen to the challenge
这一出人意料的装置
of making a habitable environment
植物生长箱
在地球上最不适宜居住的地方
in one of the most inhospitable places on Earth
创造出适宜居住的环境
with a surprising installation, a greenhouse.
在这里 新鲜水果和蔬菜
Here, fresh fruit and vegetables
在人造光下生长
are grown under artificial lights,
而南极大♥陆♥的其它地方全是一片漆黑
while the rest of the continent is in darkness.
法规禁止外来土壤进口到南极
Regulations prevent soil from being imported to the Antarctic,
所以培育蔬菜使用的是水栽培系统
so the vegetables are grown using a system of hydroponics.
它们的根系与水直接接触
Their roots are held directly in contact with water
水中含有营养素
loaded with nutrients.
温室里的温度为适宜的25摄氏度
Inside here, it's a comfortable 25 degrees Celsius.
莱恩·帕特森
亚利桑那大学
相对湿度约为55%
Relative humidity's about 55%.
外面的温度至少有零下30摄氏度
Outside, the temperature will be at least negative 30 degrees Celsius,
等到冬天真正降临
and as the winter really starts to get going,
气温会降到零下80摄氏度
it'll get as far down as negative 80 degrees Celsius.
外面真的是酷寒难当
So it's pretty cold outside.
我觉得这里的环境
And this will be the brightest environment
是整个南极最舒适的
one can find in Antarctica, I believe.
这个温室科技含量极高
This greenhouse is so hi-tech
科研团队可以安坐在
that the team can control
亚利桑那大学的办公室里
the amount of food and light the plants receive
控制植物接收养分和光照的总量
from the comfort of their office in the University of Arizona.
但要真正领略现代科学在南极的成就
But to really appreciate the achievements of modern science
还要追溯到一百年前
at the South Pole, one must go back 100 years,
那时 这里的科学考察刚刚起步
to when science and exploration began here.
1911年 罗伯特·费尔肯·斯科特携团队
In 1911, Robert Falcon Scott and his team
建造了这间小屋作为供给站
built this hut as a supply base
就是从这里 他们开始了探索工作
from which they would set off on their quest
成为征服南极点的第一批人
to be the first humans to reach the South Pole.
时过境未迁 他们仿佛昨天才刚刚离开
Little has changed. It's as if they only left yesterday.
与其它现代的南极科考者不同
Unlike modern visitors to the South Pole,
他们必须随队携带一切所需用品
these men had to bring everything they would need with them.
成箱的供给品由船只运到这里
Their crates of supplies came by ship,
装载着造小屋所需要的材料
containing materials to build the hut,
还有他们的食物和衣服
as well as food and clothes for the men.
上万件物品保留至今
Ten thousand of these items still remain.
他们只吃罐头 现在还排在架子上
All their food came in tins, which still line the shelves today,
他们第一次
while the bunks that this
来此过冬时睡的床铺
25-man team slept in during their first winter
也跟一个世纪以前一个样
still look much as they did a century ago.
斯科特和他的手下参加了极地抢占赛
While Scott and his men prepared for their race to the Pole,
同时做了各种各样的实验
the team carried out a variety of scientific experiments.
他们带来了
They brought with them
研究气象学和地质学的仪器
equipment for studying meteorology, geology,
并采集了许多样本
and collecting specimens.
光阴荏苒 小屋变得破旧不堪
Over the years, the hut fell into disrepair
最近 一个小分队展开了
until recently, a team began work
世界上最偏僻的修复工作
on the world's most remote restoration project.
他们的任务是保护小屋不被冰霜所毁
Their mission is to save the hut from being destroyed by the ice,
同时也想挖掘南极洲
as well as to discover more
早期的科学和人类踪迹
about early science and survival in Antarctica.
高登·麦克唐纳德
南极文物信托顾问
探险队拥有
The expedition was very
高精尖的设备和技术
well equipped with equipment and technology.
他们还有一部电♥话♥ 可以穿海越洋
And there was also a telephone, which they ran across the sea-ice
将许多地方联♥系♥到一起
and linked various different places together.
开关和灯光的设计很精巧
There's quite an elaborate system of switches and lights.
内外部所使用的电灯泡
Interior-exterior electric light bulbs,
在当时是非常高尖端的
which would have been very cutting-edge indeed.
他们也有许多高端的科学仪器
And an enormous amount of scientific equipment as well,
种类繁多而齐全
of all manner and all sorts.
如此环境下 它们还保存完好 实属不易
We're very fortunate that it's survived in the condition it has.
我是说 当时建这间房♥子
I mean, the house was only
只打算最多用两三年
intended to last for two, three years at most
但现在已经过了一个世纪
and here we are, a century on.
现在才能有这绝佳机会 我们必须迅速行动
So we have this fabulous opportunity now, if we act quickly,
为后世保留下这份宝藏
to preserve what's here for future generations.
斯科特的小组
Scott and his men left the hut
于1911年11月1日离开这里
on the 1st of November, 1911,
开始了前往南极点的征程
to begin their journey on foot to the South Pole.
在他们的面前 是世上最具挑战的
Ahead of them lay 800 miles
八百英里长[近1300公里]的土地
of the most challenging terrain on the planet.
他们选择穿越南极横贯山脉
The route they chose through the Transantarctic Mountains
第一站就是可怕的比尔德莫尔冰川
took them up the mighty Beardmore Glacier.
他们慢慢穿过充满艰险的冰川表面
Slowly they traversed its appalling surface,
最后他们抵达了冰高原
until finally, they reached the ice plateau.
之后还有三百英里[约五百公里]的艰苦跋涉
They still faced a further 300-mile trek.
这场终极极地冲刺赛
The achievement to finally reaching the Pole was tainted
罗 纳 德 · 阿 蒙 森
1911年12月14日
罗 伯 特 · 斯 科 特
1912年1月17日
以挪威人罗德·阿蒙森获胜而告终
by the fact that the Norwegian Roald Amundsen had got there first.
斯科特和另外四人在回家的路上不幸去世
Scott and four others perished on their return journey.