冰冻星球（2011）

they break apart into icebergs.
很有可能会形成巨大的冰山
Occasionally, a real mega-berg is born.
这是2010年5月的斯道冰川
This is the Store Glacier in May, 2010.
数千年来伫立在地表
75 million tonnes of ice,
重达七千五百万吨♥的冰山
that had been sitting on land for thousands of years,
变得支离破碎
has broken away.
如果格陵兰冰川以更快的速度流向大海
Events like this have become increasingly common,
那么此类事件会愈发频繁
as Greenland's glaciers flow faster into the sea.
每一座冰山
Every single one of these icebergs
都能让海平面升高一点
raises the sea level a small amount.
一直监测这片冰原的科学家预测
Scientists monitoring the ice sheet
本世纪末 格陵兰冰川
predict that Greenland might add as much as a half metre
将会使海平面上升半米
to world sea levels by the end of the century,
足以淹没大多数地势低洼的岛屿
enough to swamp many of the world's low-lying islands.
北极地区99%的淡水冰在格陵兰
99% of the Arctic's fresh water ice is in Greenland.
这是块相当巨大的冰原
It's a staggeringly big ice sheet,
但和南极比起来
but it's just a drop in the ocean
就只是沧海一粟了
compared to that at the southern end of our planet.
南极的冰比北极多十倍
In Antarctica, there is ten times more ice,
是目前地球上冰量最多的地方
by far the largest concentration of ice on Earth.
我们对于南极的探索
Our exploration of the Antarctic
始于一百多年前
only began a little over 100 years ago.
关于冰山锐减的研究
The study of ice retreat here was unwittingly begun
始于早期伟大探索家欧内斯特·沙克尔顿
on an expedition led by the great early explorer
领导的一次不为人知的探险
Ernest Shackleton.
1916年 考察船撞毁陷入冰川
In 1916, after their expedition boat was crushed and sunk by ice,
沙克尔顿和他的两名同伴
Shackleton and two companions
划了艘小船出去寻求援助
set off to summon help in a tiny boat.
它们在南大洋航行了八百多英里
They sailed over 800 miles across the Southern Ocean
到达了南极边缘的南乔治亚岛
to the island of South Georgia, on the edge of the Antarctic.
饥肠辘辘 衣衫褴褛的三个人
Near starving and dressed in rags, the three men
穿越过岛中♥央♥的茫茫冰原
walked across the ice sheet at the centre of the island,
他们知道
knowing there was a whaling base
可以向对面海岸的捕鲸队呼救
on the opposite coast where they could summon help.
为了向沙克尔顿及他的队员们表示敬意
This team of Royal Marines is re-tracing the steps
沙克尔顿 英国南极探险家
这支皇家海军队伍正在重走长征路
of that journey in tribute to Shackleton and his men.
但纵使竭尽全力也无法重现伟大的征程
But for all their efforts, they can't exactly copy the great walk
因为冰貌早已更迭
because the ice is not as it was.
沙克尔顿摄影师的镜头
A number of South Georgia's glaciers
捕捉到了大量南乔治亚冰川的照片
were photographed by Shackleton's cameraman.
在他们凯♥旋♥九十四年后
Frozen Planet saw a dramatic change
《冰冻星球》见证了这里剧烈的变迁
when they returned 94 years later.
自沙克尔顿的时代后
Most of South Georgia's glaciers
大多数南乔治亚冰川已经消逝了
have shrunk since Shackleton's time
而且大多数消逝发生在
and most of that has happened
我上次来南极大♥陆♥到现在的三十年间
since I first went to the Antarctic 30 years ago.
我来过南乔治亚岛几次
I've been to South Georgia several times
也见证了这里冰川的剧变
and seen how greatly the glaciers there have changed.
照片上的冰川
This photograph of a glacier
从我1981年第一次来这里起
reaching right down to the sea
短短六年间
was taken just six years
就完全没入了大海
before I first visited in 1981.
如今 这片冰川从海边
Now, that glacier has retreated
向内陆退后了足足四百米
by 400 metres away from the beach.
南乔治亚岛的温度急剧上升
Temperatures in South Georgia have risen sharply,
但在南半球最显著的气候变暖现象
but the Southern Hemisphere's most dramatic warming
发生在更南端的地方
has happened a little further south.
近些年来 渐强的海风吹拂沿南大洋
In recent years, stronger winds blowing over the Southern Ocean
带来了更暖的空气
have brought warmer air
吹至八百英里长的狭长陆地上
to the 800 mile-long finger of land
形成了现在南极大♥陆♥北端的样子
that forms the northern extremity of the Antarctic continent.
在过去五十年里
Here, on the Antarctic Peninsula,
海风的变化
the changing wind patterns have driven
使南极半岛的气温
temperatures up by nearly three degrees Centigrade
上升了近三摄氏度
over the last 50 years.
这是地球其他地区平均水平的十倍
Ten times the average rate of the rest of the planet.
快速的变暖 使海鸟面临更大的威胁
The rapid warming is having a big effect on the birdlife.
阿德利企鹅是筑巢最靠南的企鹅
The Adelie penguin is the most southerly nesting of all penguins.
就像地球最北端的北极熊一样
And, like the polar bear, up in the north,
它们的生活与冰面息息相关
their lives are dependent on the sea ice.
而阿德利企鹅一生都离不开冰雪
Adelies spend their whole lives near ice.
这些鸟儿们整个冬季都在冰川边缘觅食
These birds have spent the winter feeding at the ice edge,
但春天已经到来
but now it's spring
它们开始了从海边到内陆的漫漫征程
and they've started a long trek over the frozen sea towards land.
前往岩石暴裸♥露♥地区 聚集起来
They're heading for areas of exposed rock, where they gather
繁衍生息 成为超过十万只的企鹅军团
to breed, in colonies that can be over 100,000 strong.
可是阿德利企鹅们
But it seems that Adelies don't find the conditions
似乎不再喜爱半岛上的气候条件了
on the Peninsula to their liking any more.
我上一次来南极大♥陆♥是在十七年前
17 years ago, when I was last in the Antarctic,
南极大♥陆♥半岛沿线
there were large colonies of Adelie penguins
还有着一大群的阿德利企鹅
all along the Antarctic Peninsula.
而现在 气候变暖 海面冰层减少
Now, warming temperatures have meant less sea ice
阿德利企鹅的数量在逐渐下降
and Adelie penguin numbers are in decline.
很多群聚地已人去楼空
Many colonies have been emptying fast.
可能是由于一些企鹅饥饿致死
It may be that penguins are starving,
或是前往气候更冷
or it may be that they're heading south to colder climes
仍有很多海冰的南面去了
where there's still plenty of ice on the sea.
但在南极大♥陆♥上
But, as in the Arctic,
喜寒动物受着热度的煎熬
while ice-loving animals are feeling the heat,
一些喜暖动物反而乐于移居此地
animals that like it a bit more cosy are moving in.
有着亮橙色嘴巴的金图企鹅
The bright orange beaks of Gentoo penguins
近些年来 在半岛上愈发常见了
are a much more common sight on the Peninsula these days.
我过去一直以为它们是南极大♥陆♥北端
I always used to know them as residents
更温暖的地方的居民
of the slightly warmer islands north of the Antarctic.
可是它们却已大量南下
But they've moved south in numbers.
据说 现在半岛上
There are thought to be ten times
金图企鹅的数量
more Gentoos on the Peninsula now
是三十年前的十倍
than just 30 years ago.
半岛气温上升了许多
The Peninsula has warmed a great deal,
可是更南端的地方却并非如此
but the same is not true further south.
南极大♥陆♥
The Antarctic continent
蕴藏着世界上最大的冰原地带
is smothered by the world's greatest ice sheet.
有一个半澳大利亚那么大
One and half times the size of Australia
并且有三英里厚
and up to three miles thick.
令人震惊的是 地球上75%的淡水
A staggering 75% of the Earth's fresh water
都储藏在这里
is locked up in this ice.
假如这些冰全都融化
Global sea levels would rise
海平面将会上升六十米
by some 60 metres if all this was to melt.
但在地球上最寒冷最危险的地方
But what chance is there of that happening here in the coldest,
上述现象发生的概率有多大呢
most hostile place on Earth?
伫立冰原之巅 厚厚的冰雪在我足下
The ice beneath me, up here on top of the ice cap,
海拔如此之高
is so thick that I am short of breath,
使我有些呼吸不畅
simply because of the altitude.
现在是盛夏时节
This is midsummer
平均温度却在零下二十度左右
and the average temperature is some 20 degrees below freezing.
而感觉上却远远低于这个温度
And I can tell you it feels much lower than that.
就算是作最坏的猜测
And even the worst predictions don't suggest
气温也不会暖到足以融化这些冰雪
that the air is going to warm enough to melt the ice.
而现在 科学家们提出了新的疑问
But now, scientists are asking a different question.
更暖的海洋水温
Could the speed at which the Antarctic ice
会不会造成南极冰加速流出冰原呢
flows off the land be increased by a warmer ocean?
在海冰相接的地方
Where the ice sheet meets the sea,
科学家们费尽心思地探索着
scientists are going to extreme lengths to find out.
安迪·史密斯在英国南极调查局工作
Andy Smith works for the British Antarctic Survey.
这里有一公斤炸♥药♥
What we have here is one kilo of pentolite explosive.
我们将用它释放出冲击波
We're going to use this to generate a shockwave
同时记录地下冰层的反馈数据
and record the echoes that come back from underneath the ice.
安迪对描绘沿海
Andy is particularly interested in mapping
地下冰层的结果十分感兴趣
the underside of the ice around the coast.
因为在这里 冰块并非固定在陆地上
Because here, it isn't resting on land.