冰冻星球（2011）

冰冻星球
第六集
与地球上的其它地区相比
The polar regions are more hostile to life
极地最不适宜生存
than any other part of the Earth.
人类缺乏天生的御寒本领
Human beings have little natural protection against the cold,
那为何千百年来
so why, for thousands of years,
我们还要居住于此 忍♥受种种艰辛呢
have we endured the hardships that come from living here?
如今又是什么吸引我们
And what keeps us coming back today,
回到这地球上最遥远的疆域呢
to the farthest extremes of our planet?
最 后 的 疆 域
寒冬降临到地球最北端的小镇
Winter in the most northerly town on Earth,
朗伊尔城
Longyearbyen.
在这里 一年中有三个月
Here, for three months of the year,
暗无天日
the sun never rises.
只有那满月
Only the full moon,
永远挂在北方的夜空中
which never sets as far north as this,
驱散着这里的黑暗
sheds any light into the darkness.
这座小镇建在斯瓦尔巴特群岛上
This town was built here in Svalbard,
与北极点相距仅1130公里
only 700 miles from the North Pole,
为矿区而建
to support a mine.
北极储有丰富的煤炭 石油和矿物
The Arctic is rich in coal, oil and minerals.
在俄♥罗♥斯♥的北极 西伯利亚
In Siberia, the Russian Arctic,
丰富的矿物质推动了大城市的发展
the mineral wealth has given rise to large cities.
这里是地球上最寒冷的城市 诺里尔斯克
This is Norilsk, the coldest city on Earth.
气温一般维持在零下50摄氏度
Temperatures regularly drop to below minus 50 degrees Centigrade.
卡车油箱里的燃料结了冰
Fuel freezes in the tanks of the trucks,
只能用一种令人胆寒的方式解冻
and has to be melted in a rather alarming way.
一年中有九个月
Ships are frozen into the rivers
船舶被冻在河里
for nine months of the year.
船身上的冰层必须被切掉
The ice must be cut away from their hulls
因为随着积冰变厚
because steel becomes brittle
钢铁会变得脆弱易碎
and vulnerable to the thickening ice.
与其它北极城市一样
Like all Arctic cities,
诺里尔斯克依靠发电站
Norilsk depends on a power plant
向各家各户送暖
which heats everybody's home.
发电站的废热
Waste heat from the plant
甚至可使一片湖整冬不结冰
even keeps a lake ice-free all winter.
即便是在零下50度的气温下
Even at air temperatures of minus 50,
诺里尔斯克海象俱乐部仍每天前来冬泳
the Norilsk Walrus Club come here every day.
有证据显示
There is evidence
在冷水中沐浴 有益于免疫系统
that a dip in cold water is good for the immune system,
但当水温临近冰点时
but when the water is a degree above freezing,
很难想象 有何益处能抵过刺骨之痛
it's hard to imagine that the benefits could outweigh the pain.
多亏了高科技
Today's Arctic city dwellers
如今北极城市居民的生活
can lead an almost normal existence
近乎正常化
thanks to technology.
但极地中有城镇出现
But towns and cities are very recent arrivals
还是不久之前的事
in the polar landscape.
极地是地球上人烟最稀少的地区
The polar regions are the least populated part of our planet.
北极的大部分地区都无人居住
Most of the Arctic remains empty of human beings.
在北极
In the north,
极点本身被冰封的海洋所覆盖
the Pole itself is covered by a freezing ocean.
周围延绵着宽阔的陆地
Around it lie vast lands,
其中 属西伯利亚最广 最寒
of which Siberia is the largest and coldest.
几千年前
Human beings first
人类初登这片冻原:西伯利亚大平原
ventured onto the great plains of Siberia, the tundra,
如今仍然有人居住于此
thousands of years ago, and some live here still.
多尔干人的生活方式
The Dolgan are one of the few tribes
仍保持着首批北极拓荒者的原状
who still live in much the same way
这样的部落已为数不多
as those first Arctic pioneers.
他们与驯鹿为伍
They are reindeer people.
很少有动物能像驯鹿一样
Reindeer are one of few animals
忍♥受如此酷寒的环境
that can endure these bitterly cold conditions,
它们靠啃食雪下存活的小株植物
scraping a living by nibbling tiny plants
艰难维生
that survive beneath the snow.
驯鹿未曾被完全驯服过
Nobody has ever totally tamed reindeer,
但它们如今已温顺许多
but today's animals are docile enough
多尔干人可以驱赶着它们穿越冻原
to allow the Dolgan to drive them across the tundra
踏上无止境的觅食之路
in an everlasting search for their food.
这是个典型的多尔干村庄
This is a typical Dolgan village,
仅有两个大家庭居住于此
home to just two extended families.
在北极最寒冷的地带
Here, in the coldest part of Arctic,
一年中有九个月
the only way to get water for nine months
只能靠融化冰河中的冰块来汲水
of the year is to melt ice from the frozen rivers.
但至少食物不会变质
At least there's no problem preventing food from decay.
户外是个硕大的冷冻室
Outside is one big deep-freeze.
有了驯鹿的皮毛 人们才得以生存
Survival is only possible because of reindeer fur.
它可以用来制♥作♥相当保暖的衣服
It makes wonderfully warm clothing,
但为了防止小孩子冻伤
though small children still have to be
必须将他们整个人都缝进衣服里
sewn into their clothes to prevent instant frostbite.
多尔干人甚至会用驯鹿皮来为小屋保暖
The Dolgan even use reindeer fur to insulate their huts.
这里的生活方式类似公社性质
This is living at its most communal.
与公婆和睦相处 至关重要
Good relations with the in-laws are essential.
驯鹿弥足珍贵
Reindeer are so valuable
除非迫不得已 否则人们不会以之为食
that the people only eat them if they have no other choice.
从冰河里捕来的生鱼 是他们最爱的美味
Their favourite food is raw fish from the frozen rivers.
基本上每周 这些家庭都要为牧群
Every week or so, these families have to travel to find
寻找新的觅食地
new feeding grounds for their herds.
首先 他们用套索将最强壮的牲畜套住
First, they round up their strongest animals with lassoes,
他们的祖先从中亚北迁至此时
a skill that their ancestors brought with them
便掌握了这项技能
when they came north from Central Asia.
然后 毫无夸张的说 把家搬走
And then, literally, they move house.
一个多尔干村庄只需几个小时就能搬家
A whole Dolgan village can move on in just a few hours.
这么多年来 他们就这样
Over the year, they travel
跨越数百公里 穿越了整片冻原
hundreds of miles like this across the vast tundra.
正是徘徊在
It was the herds of reindeer,
北极周围的驯鹿
wandering over the lands of the Arctic,
引来了第一批多尔干人
that brought the first Dolgan here.
而另一群人则面临更严峻的挑战
Other people, however, took on an even greater challenge.
他们离开陆地
They left the land
在这片冰海上寻找食物
and looked for their food out on the frozen sea.
在变幻莫测的冰海世界里
Here in the shifting world of the sea ice,
他们找到了海洋哺乳类动物
they found sea mammals.
楚科奇位于俄♥罗♥斯♥东北角
Pasha leads a group of Inuit men in Chukotka,
帕沙带领了此地的一群因纽特人
the North Eastern corner of Russia.
他们花费大量时日 顶着严寒
The men have travelled many hours from home in the bitter cold,
一路从家乡来到这片迷宫一般的境地
fighting their way through a dangerous maze.
面对百吨♥重的浮冰
These hundred tonne ice floes
他们的小船就像鸡蛋那样脆弱易碎
could crush their small boats like eggshells.
这些人来自大家庭
The men have big families,
这是他们唯一养活家人的方法
and this is the only way they have of feeding them.
帕沙正在寻找
Pasha is looking for the puffs of steamy air
猎物吐出的气泡
produced by their quarry.
一头比许多北极鲸还大的动物
An animal that is bigger than many Arctic whales.
一头吐着獠牙的两吨♥重的海豹
A two tonne seal with formidable tusks.
一头海象
A walrus.
它往无冰区游去了 必须在它潜水抓住
It's heading for open water. They must reach it before it dives.
海象发起怒来可以轻而易举掀翻小船
An angry walrus could easily overturn the boats.
鱼叉实实地插入他厚厚的脂肪里
The harpoon sticks firmly in the walrus's thick layer of blubber,
上面连着浮标以防它潜走
and floats attached to it prevent the animal from diving.
帕沙要将它一枪毙命
Pasha wants to kill quickly with a single clean shot.
辛苦一天后 猎人们都很疲倦
The hunters are exhausted after a long day,
但他们还有许多工作要做
but they still have a lot more work to do.
这巨大的战利品足够让家家户户吃上好几周
This enormous prize will feed everyone's family for weeks.
要花很久来切割 一块都不能浪费
It will take many hours to butcher. Nothing will go to waste.
用动物皮毛把肉裹成一包一包
The meat is parcelled up in bags made of the animal's skin.
午夜已至 但太阳仍未下山
It's midnight, but the sun is still up.
夏天快来了
Summer is almost here.
在这么北的地方 气候变换很快
This far north, the seasons change fast,
太阳升得更高了
the sun is rising higher
天气日益温暖
and growing warmer with each passing day.
从冬季到夏季的剧变