我们的星球（2019）

there's just too little prey for a supersized eagle.
体型巨大的鹰可捕食的猎物非常少
But there is one jungle whose size is still legendary.
仍有一大♥片♥丛林堪称传奇
The Amazon basin is over 3,000 kilometers across
亚马逊流域宽度超三千千米
and home to half of our planet's remaining rain forest.
地球上半数的雨林都聚集于此
But there are challenges
然而亚马逊丛林深处的生活
for those living in the Amazon's deep interior.
充满重重挑战
Black spider monkeys,
棕头蜘蛛猴
with eyes on a salt lick.
定睛于一块盐渍地
Being so far from the sea, salt is in short supply here,
远离海洋的森林中 盐非常稀缺
so a visit to a lick is essential.
舐食盐份非常重要
But first, they must be sure
但首先 它们要确保
there are no predators lurking below.
没有掠食者潜伏其中
A harmless agouti is a good sign.
出现一只无害的刺豚鼠是个好现象
This is the only time
只有这个时候
a spider monkey ever sets foot on the ground.
棕头蜘蛛猴才会从树上下来
And if you have your head in a hole,
如果你要将头埋入洞穴内
best to have a lookout.
最好有个伙伴帮你把风
Monkeys can't survive without these minerals,
猴子缺少这种矿物质无法生存
and predators know it.
而掠食者也深谙此道
A warning from the lookout.
把风伙伴的警告
It's not a false alarm.
这不是假警报
A jaguar.
一头美洲豹
Rarely seen, but the Amazon's top predator.
非常少见 但它是亚马逊的顶级掠食者
With the jaguar gone, the monkeys return,
随着美洲豹离去 猴子们又回来了
but it's a risk.
但依然有风险
Nobody knows when the predator will be back.
无人知晓掠食者什么时候会回来
It's not just spider monkeys for whom fear must give way to need.
不仅是蜘蛛猴要为生存战胜恐惧
In the Amazon,
在亚马逊
salt licks are as vital as an oasis in a desert.
盐渍地就如沙漠里的绿洲般重要
Noises could be friend or foe,
噪音预示来者可敌可友
so every visitor must remain poised for flight.
因此所有舐食者必须做好逃跑的准备
It's a false alarm.
假警报
Just the harmless agouti again.
还是那无害的刺豚鼠
In the Amazon, every animal group
在亚马逊 每一个动物群的物种数量
has more species than anywhere else.
都比地球上其他地方的多
And that includes frogs.
这其中包括蛙类
There are thought to be over
据说有超过
a thousand different kinds of them here,
一千种蛙类居住于此
and new ones are still being discovered.
并且新物种仍不断出现
Frogs are an indicator of a healthy forest,
蛙类的存在表明森林健康
but its most important residents
而此地最重要的居民
are the jungle's smallest inhabitants.
是丛林最小的生物
There are thought to be over
据称亚马逊流域有超过
two million kinds of insect in the Amazon.
两百万种昆虫
These are the most numerous.
它们是数量最庞大的生物
A colony of leafcutter ants can run into the millions.
一群切叶蚁的数量能轻易达到上百万
Each colony is a superorganism with a collective function...
每一群都是有着共同目标的超个体
to gather leaves and carry them back to their underground nests.
收集树叶 并带回地下的巢穴
Within the territory of a leafcutter colony,
切叶蚁群的领地中
as much as a fifth of all
多达五分之一的
new plant growth will be harvested by the ants.
新生植物会被它们收割
Slicing through leaves with specialized mandibles,
它们用特有的颚切割树叶时
they produce high frequency vibrations,
产生高频振动
which stiffens the leaf, making it easier to cut.
使树叶变硬 更易切割
Working together, they can strip a tree bare in 24 hours.
它们齐心协力能在二十四小时内剥光一棵树
The trick is holding on to your leaf as you fall.
难的是下落时紧紧抓住叶子
Easier said than done.
说比做容易
But best not to return to the nest empty-handed.
但最好不要空手而归
A leafcutter colony is like a mega-herbivore,
切叶蚁群就像巨型食草动物
not dissimilar to an elephant in the Congo,
和刚果的大象没有区别
and their impact on the ecosystem is just as important.
它们对生态系统的影响也同样重要
The ants follow scent trails back to the nest,
蚂蚁循着气味的踪迹回巢
dodging unexpected obstacles.
避开意想不到的障碍物
But to increase efficiency,
但为了提高效率
the ants keep their paths clear of debris.
蚂蚁会清理道路上的碎片杂物
A leafcutter nest can be up to eight meters deep
切叶蚁巢可达八米深
and have thousands of interconnected chambers.
有数千个互通的蚁室
The workers carry the freshly harvested leaves
工蚁们将新鲜收割的叶子
to special rooms for processing.
运送到专门的蚁室处理
The leaves are not food,
这些叶子不是用来吃的
but used to create gardens of fungus,
而是用来建造真菌花♥园♥
which they feed to their larvae.
用以喂养幼虫
The success of the colony
蚁群的成功
depends on keeping their gardens disease-free.
取决于花♥园♥是否能免于疾病灾害
So, the ants have teamed up
因此 蚂蚁和细菌合作
with bacteria to help control pathogens,
以控制病原体
which would destroy their precious fungi.
防止它们毁灭珍贵的真菌
Scientists now believe
现在科学家们认为
these bacteria could provide new solutions to human diseases.
这些细菌能为人类疾病的治疗提供新方案
But as successful as these ants are,
尽管这些蚂蚁很成功
the rain forest's diversity
但雨林的多样性
depends on no one species gaining the upper hand.
仍在于没有哪一个物种占据上风
Here, ants don't have it all their own way.
在这里 蚂蚁不能随心所欲
This one is behaving oddly.
这只蚂蚁表现很奇怪
It seems compelled to climb upwards,
它似乎被迫向上爬
and is already several meters above the forest floor.
已经离森林地面有几米了
Something has taken control of its movements,
某种东西控制了它的运动
like a puppeteer pulling at the strings of a marionette.
就像木偶演员扯着木偶线
There's just one final act, for which the ant has no choice.
只能采取最后一个动作 蚂蚁别无选择
It must find a place to bite down,
它必须找个地方咬下去
tethering it to the vegetation.
但被拴在了植物上
With the ant in its death grip,
随着蚂蚁的死亡
a parasitic fungus, Cordyceps,
一种寄生真菌 虫草菌
erupts from its body.
从它的身体里爆发出来
Finally, the fruiting body of the fungus bursts from its head.
最后 真菌的子实体从它的头上突出来
From this bulbous container,
从这个球状容器中
spores will be cast into the air currents,
孢子将被散入气流中
where they will claim more ant victims.
造成更多蚂蚁的死亡
But it's not just ants.
但不仅仅是蚂蚁
Many others are infected by the Cordyceps fungus.
还有许多生物感染虫草菌
The more numerous a species is,
一个物种的数量越多
the more likely it is to fall victim to the killer fungus.
越有可能成为致命真菌的受害者
Checks and balances like
像这样的制衡
these means no one species can ever dominate,
意味着没有哪一个物种可以占据主导地位
so protecting the jungle's incredible diversity.
因此保护了丛林不可思议的多样性
But today, the diversity of the world's rain forests
但是今天 世界雨林的多样性
is falling at an alarming rate,
正在以惊人的速度较少
and that is because of us.
这都是因为我们
We have now replaced up to 27 million hectares
我们现在用单一种类的树木取代了
of virgin jungle with a single species of tree.
多达二十七万平方千米的原始丛林
This is oil palm,
这是油棕
one of the world's most productive crops.
世界上产量最高的作物之一
But these monocultures support only a fraction
但这些单一的栽培只占据
of the diversity found in primary rain forests,
多样化原始雨林的一小部分
and it is pushing many animals to extinction.
而且将许多动物推向灭绝
In the swamp forests of northern Sumatra, in Indonesia,
在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛北部的沼泽森林
time is running out for one of our closest ancestors.
我们祖先的亲近之一的时间所剩无几
The orangutan.
红毛猩猩
A baby orangutan takes more than ten years to become independent.
一只幼年红毛猩猩需要十多年才能独♥立♥
Everything must be learned from its mother.
它一切都必须从母亲那里习得
Like how to bridge the gaps between trees.
比如如何跨越树之间的空隙
Survival depends on each orang
每只红毛猩猩生存取决于
understanding its patch of forest perfectly.
它能否完全了解它的森林领地
Watching scientists have named this pair Ellie and Eden.
观察者们将这对猩猩命名为埃莉和伊登
Ellie is 18 years old,
埃莉十八岁
and Eden, her first baby, is three.
伊登是它的第一个孩子 三岁
Right now, he needs a little bit of encouragement.
现在 它需要一点鼓励
Like all orangutans,
像所有的红毛猩猩一样
Ellie has a mental map of her surroundings,
埃莉头脑里有一张周围环境的地图
including the location of every fruiting tree.
包括每棵果树的位置