我们的星球（2019）

and turn white.
并且变成白色
Here, on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, unusually warm seas
在澳大利亚的大堡礁 异常温暖的海水
have caused many of the reefs to bleach in this way.
使许多珊瑚礁白化
It may look hauntingly beautiful,
看起来也许美得摄人心魄
but if temperatures remain high for a few weeks,
但如果高温持续几周
the corals will starve and eventually die.
珊瑚最终会饿死
The carbon dioxide that causes global warming
致使全球变暖的二氧化碳
is also making the seas more acidic.
也使海水酸度升高
No reefs can survive both changes.
没有珊瑚礁能同时经受住这两种变化
And without living corals,
而失去活珊瑚
many of the reef's residents will also perish.
很多珊瑚礁的居民也会消亡
During 2016 and 2017,
2016至2017年间
over a thousand kilometers of the Great Barrier Reef bleached.
超过一千公里的大堡礁白化
Six months later,
六个月后
and many of the corals are dead.
很多珊瑚死亡
The community destroyed.
生态系统破灭
Worldwide, half of all shallow coral reefs
全世界一半的浅海珊瑚礁
have already died.
已经死亡
The rest could be gone over the next few decades.
余下的可能在未来几十年内消失殆尽
Away from the tropics, in higher latitudes,
远离热带的高纬地区
the seas are much cooler.
海洋凉爽许多
Storm-lashed waters
海风吹送海水
bring essential nutrients to the surface.
将必需营养物送到海面
The enriched water, combined with long summer days,
富含营养的海水 结合漫长的夏日
make these the most productive seas on the planet.
使这里成为地球上最富饶的海域
Fur seals thrive and even have time to ride the waves.
海狗茁壮成长 甚至有时间冲浪玩耍
Spring off the coast of California
加利福尼亚沿海的春天
and fronds of golden kelp floating on the surface
漂浮在海面上的金色海草叶片
hint at the riches hidden beneath.
暗示海面下蕴藏丰富资源
A magnificent submarine forest.
一片壮丽的海底森林
These stands of giant kelp are as important to the oceans
这些巨型海带对海洋的重要性
as trees are to the land.
不亚于树木对陆地的重要性
Like a rainforest,
正如雨林一样
the dense canopy provides
浓密的叶片为
food and shelter for an abundant community.
丰富的物种提供食物和庇护
In the cool, rich seas,
在凉爽富饶的海域
giant kelp can grow 50 meters high.
巨型海带可以长到五十米高
Air-filled floats lift the fronds
充满空气的浮囊将叶片
towards the sunlit surface.
托向阳光点亮的海面
Nestling in this canopy,
置身于海带顶端的
a sea otter.
是海獭
His thick fur keeps him warm in the chilly water.
厚实的皮毛帮它在寒冷的海水中保持温暖
Blowing air into it gives him extra insulation.
向皮毛中吹气 保暖效果更好
Sea otters have the densest fur of any animal,
海獭是所有动物中皮毛最厚实的
and such a luxuriant coat requires a great deal of attention.
如此浓密的皮毛需要精心打理
They need to eat a lot to keep warm
它们需要大量进食才能维持体温
and consume up to a quarter of their body weight every day.
每天要摄取自身体重四分之一的食物
Sea urchins are a favorite food.
海胆是它们最喜欢的食物
There's one.
捉到一个
And a second.
又捉到一个
And then the otter is out of breath
海濑要接不上气了
and must return to the surface.
必须返回海面
An urchin looks like a rather prickly meal,
海胆看上去是种棘手的食物
but if you can break the shell, there's a feast inside.
但如果能弄开外壳 里面可是份美餐
Sea otters are crucial to the health of the kelp forest
海濑对于海藻林的健康非常重要
because they keep down the number of sea urchins.
因为它们能将海胆数量维持在较低水平
The urchins graze on kelp,
海胆吃海藻
munching through their tough stems.
啃食它们坚硬的茎干
Left unchecked, they spread across the seafloor like a plague.
不加控制 它们会像瘟疫般在海底蔓延
Fortunately, the otters have a helper
幸运的是 海濑有一个帮手
in the fight against these spiny grazers.
帮助对付这些多刺的食草客
Sheephead wrasse.
美丽突额隆头鱼
They have powerful teeth
它们拥有强有力的牙齿
and can make short work of the smaller purple urchins.
能迅速干掉较小的紫海胆
The larger black urchins are more of a challenge,
较大的黑海胆则更具挑战性
especially for smaller wrasse.
尤其是对小隆头鱼来说
Only the very largest sheephead can tackle them.
只有最大的美丽突额隆头鱼能对付它们
But it still has to get past those long spines.
但它还是得解决那些长长的尖刺
The urchin has to be flipped over
海胆必须被翻过来
to expose its vulnerable underside.
暴露出柔弱的腹部
Not easy when you have no hands.
没有手的话这可不容易做到
Success at last.
终于成功了
And everybody benefits.
大家都能吃到
These fish and otters, living within marine protected areas,
这些生活在海洋保护区的鱼类和海濑
keep the kelp grazers under control.
控制住了海藻食客
But just outside these sanctuaries,
但是在这些保护区之外
the urchins graze unchecked...
海胆疯狂扫荡
and fell the kelp forest.
破坏海藻林
All those that depend on the kelp have disappeared.
所有依赖海藻而生的生物都消失了
In California, kelp forests
在加利福尼亚 海藻林
grow abundantly in protected areas
在保护区内茂密地生长
where the whole marine community
整个海洋生物群
can live without pressure from people.
生存不受人类影响
Here, at least, sea otters can chill out Californian style.
这里 至少海濑可以享受平静的加州时光
Three thousand kilometers further north, in Alaska,
三千公里以北 阿♥拉♥斯加
spring arrives much later in the year.
这一年春天来得很晚
After a cold, hard winter,
经历了一个寒冷难捱的冬天
the first rays of the sun trigger a great annual event.
第一束太阳光唤醒了一场年度盛会
Immense shoals of herring rise up from the depths
巨大的鲱鱼群从海底游上来
and move into shallower waters.
进入较浅的水域
They're gathering to breed.
它们聚集起来繁衍后代
But predators are waiting for them.
但捕食者也正等着它们
Steller's sea lions.
斯特勒海狮
So intent on their mission, the herring make easy prey.
鲱鱼专注于繁衍任务 很容易被猎食
Sea lions drive the fish to the surface,
海狮将鱼群赶到海面
within range of aerial hunters.
进入空中猎人的捕食范围内
Bald eagles, normally solitary birds,
通常独居的白头海雕
have assembled in numbers for the feast.
也大量聚集 享用盛宴
In places, the herrings reach shore,
在某些地方 鲱鱼会抵达海岸
and there the eagles don't even need to take to the air.
这里白头海雕甚至不必飞到空中
Humpback whales.
座头鲸
They have come all the way from the tropics,
它们一路从热带赶来
hoping to get their first meal in months.
希望能得到数月以来的第一顿餐食
These whales have a remarkable way
这些鲸鱼用一种非凡的方式
of collecting this seasonal bounty.
收获这一季节性馈赠
They work as a team.
它们团队合作
The lead whale dives first...
领头鲸鱼先潜下去
and blows a curtain of bubbles to concentrate the fish.
吐出一串气泡 将鱼群集中到一起
A call synchronizes the attack.
一句叫声代表捕食开始
By cooperating in this way,
通过这种合作
each whale can eat a ton of fish a day.
每只鲸鱼每天可以吃掉一吨♥鱼
Yet the herring are so abundant
但是鲱鱼群数量庞大
that, in spite of the whales,
虽然遇到了鲸鱼
most managed to reach the shallows.
大部分鲱鱼还是成功游到了浅滩
And here they spawn.
它们在此产卵
The females lay their eggs on the seagrass.
母鲑鱼把卵产在海草上
The males follow, fertilizing the eggs with clouds of sperm.
公鲑鱼紧随其后 用大量精♥子♥使卵子受精
Once, herring thrived here
曾经 鲱鱼在这里
in an abundance we can barely imagine today.
以我们今日难以想象的规模繁衍着
They used to turn shorelines white with spawn,
它们一度用卵将海岸线染成白色
right across the North Pacific from Japan to California.
从日本到加州 横跨北太平洋
With industrialized fishing techniques
工业化的捕鱼技术
it's all too easy to overexploit these breeding stocks.
很容易过度捕捞这些种鱼
This is one of the few places where a fishery still survives.
这里是少数还存在捕渔业的地方
Pacific herring populations are greatly reduced.
太平洋的鲑鱼数量急剧减少
A mere fraction of what they once were.
现在仅剩过去的一小部分
This sorry tale of unsustainable fishing
这场过度打捞的悲剧
has been repeated time and again around the world.
日复一日地在世界各地重演
Many of the world's fish stocks are now in serious decline.
全球渔业资源正在急剧减少
A third of them have collapsed altogether.
其中三分之一已经完全消失