英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座：如何在太空中生存（2015）

If this goes wrong, if the rocket does explode,
逃离随即而来的火球的唯一方法
the only way to outrun the ensuing fireball
就是利用另一艘火箭
is with another rocket.
那个固体燃料火箭将会点燃
That solid rocket will light,
将太空舱带到3千米的高空
carry the capsule up to 10,000 feet,
弹出降落伞 最终落到哈萨克斯坦境内
pop a parachute and dump them somewhere in Kazakhstan.
到哪里并不重要 反正是远离火球的地方
It doesn't matter where - anywhere away from that fireball.
现在将时间再次快进 来到发射前10分钟
We're forwards again now, we're going to ten minutes,
发射前10分钟他们会装备飞行记录仪
and at ten minutes they arm the flight recorders.
用来记录信息 如果发生意外
They record the information - if there's an accident,
可能没人能说清楚到底发生了什么
there may be no-one around to tell them what happened.
但那些信息很必要
They need to find that information.
现在我们来到发射前5分钟
And now we're at five.
发射前5分钟 宇航员要合上他们的面罩
Five minutes, the astronauts are closing their visors,
他们要将自己
they're shutting themself away
与这个行星的大气隔绝开来
from the atmosphere of this planet,
为他们即将要去的太空做准备
preparing themself for the place they're going to,
在太空中人类生命甚至连几秒钟都很难支撑
which will not support human life even for a few seconds.
现在我们将时间快进至发射前1分30秒
And now we're forwards to just a minute and a half before launch,
提姆在那时会想些什么呢
and what is Tim thinking?
这里有个视频
Well, here's a video
在视频中他会告诉我们
to tell you what he thought
他在火箭发射台上时会怎样想
he was going to feel like on that pad.
在倒计时前的最后时刻
In the final seconds just before countdown,
我觉得与其想其他事情
I think rather than thinking about anything,
不如好好体验那个过程
I'll actually just be experiencing it,
到那个阶段 火箭已经点火
because by that stage, the rockets are already firing,
它被固定在地面
it's being held to the ground,
你能做的只有等待发射升空
and you're just waiting for that liftoff,
体验那些声响 振动
but you're experiencing sounds, vibration,
以及即将到来的发射带来的兴奋感
and really the excitement of the launch that's about to come.
所以提姆并非在故作勇敢
So that's not false bravado from Tim.
他别无选择 唯有体验这次发射
He has no option but to experience this launch,
因为他无法控制飞船发射
because it's kind of out of his hands.
与他本人 船员 甚至火箭本身相比
This thing is bigger than him, it's bigger than his crew,
发射过程都更为重要
it's bigger than the rocket.
这需要一支由成千上万人组成的团队
This is the army of tens of thousands of people
团队中有人设计 制♥造♥并操控这艘火箭
who designed, built and operated this rocket,
这些都要起作用才能保证他的安全
and it has to work to keep him safe.
让我们来看看莫妮卡
Let's go and see Monica.
真是激动
Really excited!
我们还听不到倒计时
We can't hear a countdown yet.
我已经把手♥机♥拿出来了 我要拍张照片
I've got my phone out, I'm taking a picture too.
点火
Ignition.
你们看到火箭塔架已经撤下去了吗
Do you see the gantry's gone down?
噪音响起来了
And the noise is starting.
七 六
Seven! Six!
五 四 三 二 一
Five! Four! Three! Two! One!
再见 提姆 再见 提姆
Bye-bye, Tim! Bye-bye, Tim!
现在几乎听不到轰鸣了
Can only barely hear the thunder now.
快看 火箭推进器脱落了
Yes, oh, right, the boosters coming off now.
快看 天空中火箭推进器带出的烟雾
You can see the smoke in the sky from the boosters.
你们能看到天空中的烟迹
You can see the trail in the sky.
联盟号♥火箭刚刚是竖直向上飞行
The Soyuz rocket went straight up, vertically up,
就在那团烟雾所在的地方
and then just about where that puff of steamy, smoky stuff is,
火箭改变了方向 调头向东飞行
it changed direction, it moved off over to the east.
现在它看起来就像在空中飞行的普通飞机
Now it just looks like an ordinary aeroplane trail on the sky.
只看它飞行就让人觉得叹为观止
It was just amazing! Just to see it going.
很高兴能看到它安全发射 太棒了
And it's like, I'm so happy it's gone off safely! It's fantastic!
让我们停止任务计时器
Let's stop the mission clock.
那艘火箭开始倾斜并向东飞行 为什么
That rocket is starting to tilt over and head east. Why?
为什么它要向东飞行
Why is it going east?
为了解释原因 我需要一个志愿者
Well, to help explain, I'm going to need a volunteer.
你怎么样 好的 就是你了 棒极了
How about you? Yeah, OK, let's have you. Brilliant.
-你叫什么 -米娅 -米娅
- And what's your name? - Mia. - Mia.
米娅 好的 米娅 我要带你进入
Mia, OK. Mia, I'm going to turn you
我们位于拜科努尔的发射控制中心
into our launch controller at Baikonur.
过来 站到你的发射台旁边
Come and stand in your station.
这就是我们非常昂贵的发射台
This is our very expensive launch station here.
在皇家科学院
Er, and here at the RI
我们有自己的国际空间站
we have our own International Space Station.
用了不到15年和1500亿美元就建好了
It took less than 15 years and $150 billion to build.
国际空间站
麻烦你进入轨道 宇航员约翰
If you would take yourself into orbit, Cosmonaut John.
米娅 我们要把自己发射到那个盘子里
And so, Mia, we're going to launch ourselves into that dish.
这些火箭已经装有进入空间站所需的
Now, these rockets have all the energy they need
足够能量
to get into that space station, OK?
我们只需要发射就可以了 好吗
All we've got to do is launch, OK?
我倒数完三个数
When I count you in,
你就这样用力拨动控制杆 好吗
you're going to hit this lever across that way, OK?
用力一些 准备好了吗
Give it a good whack. Ready?
三 二 一
Three! Two! One!
发射
Go!
天啊
Oh, dear.
这没什么
Now... that's nothing,
你没做错 你的发射很完美
you didn't do anything wrong there. Your launch was perfect.
火箭也没有问题
And there's nothing wrong with the rockets either.
有足够的能量供它们进入空间站
They have enough energy to get to the space station -
如果能再借用一点
but only if they borrow a little bit
额外的能量就好了
of extra energy from somewhere else.
这个能量可以从行星的自转中得到
And that energy is borrowed from the rotation of the planet.
在我们发射站的上方
Now, this is our lovely map of the Earth
这是我们可爱地球的地图
on top of this launch station.
地球转动时
At the poles, when the Earth is turning,
极点处的速度并不快
the Earth isn't turning very quickly.
而向南走到赤道时
As you get down towards the equator,
旋转速度就会非常快了
the speed of rotation is going pretty fast.
大约是每小时1600千米
It's going about 1,000 miles an hour.
如果向东边发射
And if you launch towards the east,
由于地球自西向东自转
as the Earth rotates from west to east
就能借用一些动能
you can get some of that energy.
但如果从极点发射
So if you launch from the pole
就借不到很多动能了
you can't borrow much energy
因为那里地球转速不高
cos the Earth's not spinning very much.
如果你笨到试着采取
If you're silly enough to try and launch
与地球自转方向相反的方式发射
against the direction of rotation of the Earth,
那么状况就会更糟
then you're going to be in even worse shape.
最佳的发射地点是红色火箭的位置
The best place to launch from is where this red rocket is.
借用地球旋转的动能 向东发射
Launching with the rotation of the Earth, towards the east.
刚刚我们缺了地球的自转
What we were missing before was the spin of the Earth.
这次我会让地球转起来
So this time I'm going to spin the Earth
我来帮你发射
and I'll help you launch it.
这次不倒数了
There's going to be no countdown
在俄♥罗♥斯♥他们就没有倒数 准备好了吗
because they don't really do countdowns in Russia. OK, ready?
就现在
Here we go.
对 没错
Yeah! All right!
干的漂亮 谢谢你 米娅
Well done. Thank you, Mia.
看到它向东发射
And it's incredible to watch that go
真是不可思议
as it launches out there towards the east.
无法想象
Impossible to imagine -
但我们也不需要想象
but we don't need to imagine.
我们可以问那些做到过的人
We can ask someone who's actually done it.
我很荣幸能为大家介绍一位经验丰富的宇航员
It's my great pleasure to introduce a veteran astronaut
他曾两次进入太空
who's flown in space twice,
在太空中♥共♥度过了超过211天
he's spent more than 211 days in space in total,
他曾登上国际空间站
he's been aboard the International Space Station.
他是博士 也是美国宇航局宇航员
He's a doctor, but he's also a NASA astronaut -
很荣幸为大家介绍我的朋友兼同事
it's my great pleasure to introduce my friend and colleague
麦克·巴勒特博士
Dr Mike Barratt.
等下 凯文 我要打开这个应用
Hang on, Kevin. I actually need to fire up this iThingy,
我们刚刚刷到一条来自空间站的推文
because we've actually just had a tweet from the space station,