英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座：如何在太空中生存（2015）

自己就可以关闭并封上宇航服
so that you can close up and seal the suit all by yourself.
这是一件一个人就能穿上的宇航服
It's a one-person-donning suit.
你在太空行走时 什么时候最害怕呢 丹
And what's your scariest moment on a spacewalk, Dan?
说是叫太空行走 但我们并不是用双脚在走
Well, when we say spacewalk, we're not walking with our legs,
我们是用手行走的
we're walking with our hands
我记得从空间站出去的时候
and I remember going down the space station
我想我有点过分自信了
and I think I got a little overconfident
因为有那么一瞬间
because there was one moment
我想要抓住一边的扶手
where I was going to grab onto one handrail
另一边放开
and let go of the other
但当时我的手还没抓到那根扶手
but it turns out I wasn't even on that handrail.
就放开了这边
I let go of this one
我就开始有点飘起来了
and I started floating a little bit
然后在我意识到我没有抓住它的时候
and realised I didn't have it
我就赶快抓住
and I was able to quickly grab on
但是那一秒钟对我来说有点后怕
but that one second was a little terrifying for me.
你差点从空间站掉下来吗 丹
Did you nearly fall off the space station, Dan?
差点离开了空间站 是的
Almost lost the space station, yeah.
那真的是很可怕
Wow, that's pretty frightening.
我想我们都想知道的是
Now, I think what all of us want to know is
太空行走的感觉如何
what does it feel like?
在太空行走最棒的事情是什么
What is the best thing about walking in space?
最棒的部分就是当你打开舱门的时候
The best part is when you open that hatch,
你和地球之间没有任何东西
there's nothing between you and the Earth
飘出空间站的时候
and so you float out of the space station
虽然紧握着扶手 但看向脚下时
and you're holding on but you look down at your feet
地球就在你脚下400千米的地方转动
and under your feet, 250 miles below you is the Earth
可能会看到加利福利亚海岸
kind of rolling by you and maybe it's the coast of California
也可能是爱尔兰
maybe here comes Ireland
能有这样的经历真的是难以置信
and it's just unbelievable to have that experience.
听起来不可思议 你已经进行过六次了
It sounds incredible and you've done that six times?
在职业生涯中我曾进行六次太空行走
Six spacewalks in my career,
我真的非常幸运
I've been very fortunate.
丹 非常感谢你跟我们分享你的经历
Dan, thank you so much for sharing that with us.
-很高兴见到你 -谢谢
- It's been great to see you. - Thank you.
虽然你事前已经做了很多预防措施
So, you take a lot of precautions up there
但是万一有突发状况呢
but what if something goes wrong?
万一你受到了重伤或者身体非常不舒服呢
What if you get seriously injured or seriously ill?
你该怎么做
What do you do?
我知道在地球上我该怎么做
Well, I know what I would do here on Earth
我会打电♥话♥给
I would call my colleagues and friends
在直升机紧急医疗服务的同事兼好友
from the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service.
所以接下来我就会这么做
So that's what I'm going to do now.
很高兴介绍给大家
I would like to introduce you
我的朋友兼同事
to my friends and crewmates
来自肯特 萨里和苏塞克斯空中救护车的
from Kent, Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance,
玛尔瓦·爱珊法莉博士
Dr Marwa El-Zanfaly
以及凯伦·克拉克 我们的医护人员
and Karen Clarke, our paramedic.
大家看 这是...
So, guys, this is...
我们一起飞行
We fly together, don't we,
乘坐直升机 提供医疗服务
on the back of a helicopter delivering medical care.
这是急救包 给我说说这是怎么用的
This is our kit, tell me a bit about how this all works.
我们要做的是通过直升机
So what we try to do is we use the helicopter
尽快到达病人身边
to get to our patients as quickly as possible
我们希望可以带上
and we like to think that we can bring
用于急救和重症护理的一些物资
some of the emergency department and the intensive care department
在病人最需要的地方
with us to deliver enhanced care
为他们提供加强护理
where the patient needs it the most
一般来说会在他们家里或是路边
so in their home or the side of the road.
好的 所以这就是
All right, so this is the kit
你们带去现场处理紧急状况的急救包
that you bring to scene to deal with an emergency.
你们肯定很为这个急救包自豪
You're pretty proud of that kit.
我想向你们展示另外一种急救包
I want to show you another kit,
来自国际空间站的急救包
a kit from the International Space Station
为了给大家展示
and to show it to us,
我想请出我的好朋友
I want to introduce you to my very good friend,
他不仅是一位博士 还是一位宇航员
who is not only a doctor, he is also an astronaut.
曾两次到太空飞行
Flown in space twice
一次登陆国际空间站
and one tour aboard the International Space Station.
让我们欢迎迈克·巴拉特博士
I'd like to introduce you to Dr Mike Barratt.
-很高兴见到你 -很高兴见到你
- Good to see you. - Nice to see you.
你们有一套直升机紧急医疗急救包
Now, you have a helicopter emergency medical kit.
迈克这边有国际空间站的医疗急救包
Mike here has the International Space Station's medical kit
我想 既然现在是放假又是圣诞节
and I think, given that it's holiday time and Christmas,
我们应该举♥行♥一场医疗急救包法宝的比赛
we should have a game of medical kit trumps,
看看谁有最好的设备
see who's got the best one,
因为你们有两个人
and there's two of you
所以我要加入国际空间站医疗急救包的队伍
so I'm going to take the International Space Station medical kit.
让我们开始吧 很期待呢
All right, so let's get it on. Looking forward to this.
你们的麻醉能力怎么样 直升机队
What is your anaesthetic capability, helicopter?
我们能够根据患者的情况
So we can deliver a number of different anaesthetics
提供很多不同类型的麻醉
depending on the situation
我们在这里和这里有一些麻♥醉♥药♥物
so we've got some drugs here and here to do that.
我们还带上了进行安全麻醉所需的
We also carry all the necessary equipment
所有必要的装备
to deliver a safe anaesthetic as well
所以我想 我会给我们队打八分
so I think I'm going to give us an eight.
总共十分打八分 八分
Eight out of ten, yeah. Eight?
你们能够提供全身麻醉
You can give a general anaesthetic?
-非常安全 是的 -好的
- Pretty safely, yeah. - OK.
迈克 直升机队的麻醉能力是十分中的八分
Mike, helicopter, eight out of ten for anaesthetic capability.
国际空间站队呢
International Space Station?
在国际空间站
So, on the International Space Station,
我们只有局部麻醉
we would have only local anaesthetic,
通过注射利多卡因[局部麻醉剂]
a little injection of lidocaine
能够使皮肤失去知觉
that can deaden the skin
这样就能修复割伤或者撕裂伤
so that we can repair a cut, a laceration if you will,
但就这么多了 所以我会给我们队打个两分
but that's all we have so I would probably give us a two.
-十分中的两分 -我想就是两分
- Two out of ten? - I think a two out of ten.
那他们就赢一局了 好吧
But they won that one. All right,
重症救护能力
OK, OK. Intensive care capability.
直升机队 你们的重症救护能力怎么样
Helicopter, what is your intensive capability?
我们有一台呼吸机
Well, we have a ventilator,
我们有所有必需设备
we have all the equipment to monitor somebody
能够监控接受全身麻醉病人的情况
who's been given a general anaesthetic.
能够为失血病人输血
We have the ability to give a blood transfusion
以及血浆
and plasma to somebody who's lost blood.
-你们能够输血 -是的
- You can give a blood transfusion? - We can.
还有一些心脏药物
Drugs to support the heart as well.
我会给这一部分打个七分或者八分
I'd probably say 7 or 8 for that as well.
重症救护能力 七分或者八分
Intensive care capability, 7 or 8.
别让我失望 迈克
Don't disappoint me here, Mike
我们在国际空间站的
what's our intensive care capability
重症救护能力怎么样
on the International Space Station?
在国际空间站上
So on the International Space Station,
我们可以插气管
we can put in a definitive airway
但我们的氧气供给非常有限
but we have a very limited supply of oxygen we can use,
因为当你把所有的氧气都释放到空气中
because you release all that oxygen into the atmosphere
给人呼吸时
while somebody breathes it,
空气中的氧气浓度变得太高
and the oxygen concentration gets too high
会有发生火灾的危险
and we worry about fire,
所以我们不能给病人供氧太久
so we can't really ventilate someone too long.
我们可以打开静脉通道
We can put in a large intravenous line
一般来说我们这里有三大袋盐水
and we would have normally three big bags of saline here,
但也就这些了
but then when that's done we're done,
所以我会给我们队打两分
so I would probably give us about a two.
十分中的两分
2 out of 10!
两连败
Two-nil.
两连败 我们还有一项
Two-nil. We've got one more category.
我想我们能在这项上获胜
I think we can take this category.
直升机队 我要在手术能力上
Helicopter, I would like to challenge you