向深海出发（2008）

The team is now heading south, back to the islands of Svalbard.
探险队现在要向南开进了 要回到斯瓦尔巴特群岛[挪威]岛去
Maritime archaeologist Dr Lucy Blue
海洋考古学家Dr露西布鲁
wants to explore the remains of a global industry
想要探究地球剩下的东西
that almost wiped out entire species here,
就是有更多种群的地方
whaling.
捕鲸
It's estimated that in the last 400 years,
估计是在400年前
more than two and a half million whales were killed worldwide.
世界上大概有50万头鲸被捕杀
This channel would have been absolutely teeming with whales.
这个隧♥道♥一定跟鲸有关系
It's kind of incomprehensible now. I know.
现在是很难理解了 我知道
It completely is. Completely is.
是的 肯定的
NARRATOR:This is one of the places where the Arctic industry began.
这是北极生物开始的地方
In the early 1 600s, the Dutch and English came here in droves
早在17世纪 荷兰人和 英国人就来过这儿
to satisfy the growing demand for whale oil.
为了寻找更多的鲸油
It led to the wholesale slaughter of these ocean giants.
这让鲸的批发生意月越来越大
So there was quite a lot of competition, actually,
实际上当时还有很大的竞争压力
particularly at the beginning, the early 1 600s.
特别是在17世纪早期的时候
You know, they were actually fighting for the right to catch the whales here,
你知道 他们都想在那儿抓到鲸
particularly in somewhere like this fjord.
特别是在像这样的峡湾
NARRATOR:These waters in northern Svalbard
斯瓦尔巴特群岛[挪威] 北部这片海域
attracted huge numbers of whales.
吸引着众多的近前来
The whales come in here because of the slightly shallow waters to feed,
他们是来这儿寻找食物
so, I mean, it was just a prime hunting area.
所以 我是说 这是一个 适合狩猎的地方
NARRATOR:A Dutch settlement of up to 200 people grew here.
一个荷兰人带了200个人来这
It was called Smeerenburg, Blubbertown.
那就是所谓的鲸脂油
I mean, just look at this, and look out into the fjord.
我是说 看看这个你看看那儿
I mean, you can just imagine the 1 7th century ships moored up.
我是说 你可以想象 那是17世纪的船舶
They would have been out there in the deeper waters,
他们可能进到深水中去了
and then the smaller whalers chasing this living whale.
那个小的捕鲸船在抓那头鲸
NARRATOR:Contemporary paintings captured the scene.
同一事情的充斥了整个画面
The first person would harpoon it.
第一个捕鲸的人
And they needed as many harpoons...
他们需要很多的捕鲸叉
Every time it came up, you had to get another one in it.
每次都需要使用更多新的捕鲸叉
And eventually, the thing would just get exhausted from the fact it was diving,
最后呢 等到鲸精疲力竭后 他们就会跳下去
it had blood, you know, it was bleeding, it was pulling boats.
你知道 她在流血 她拖着捕鲸船在跑
I mean, it must have been an absolutely horrendous...
我是说 这是相当可怕的事…
Bloodbath. I know, completely and utterly.
大屠♥杀♥ 我知道 绝对是
NARRATOR:It wasn't just the number of whales
不仅仅是鲸的数量
that made them choose this location.
让他们选择了这个地方
One of the main reasons that they actually settled here
他们来这儿一个主要原因就是…
was because of this very shallow, sloping shoreline here.
因为这个仅长的海岸线
So it was like a natural ramp, in a way, to winch the whales onto the beach.
所以这是自然迁徙
NARRATOR:Once on land, the blubber could be cut away,
一方面 鲸脂油会被抽走
boiled down into the precious oil and sent back to Europe.
化成油然后运送到欧洲去
This was the beginning of an industry that continued for hundreds of years,
这是几百年来一直都有的工艺
becoming more and more intense.
现在变得越来越紧张
Every species of whale in the Arctic was targeted.
北极的所有鲸都成了目标
One of the hardest hit was the Greenland right whale,
受害最大的还是格陵兰岛的鲸
so called because it was the right whale to hunt.
主要说 是因为那儿有很多人捕鲸
Big and slow moving, it was easy to catch.
鲸数量多 而且很大 容易捕
But the greatest advantage of all was that it floated when it was killed,
但是最好的就是 当鲸被杀后 他们可以被充分利用
making it simpler to haul back to shore.
也很容易弄到海岸上来
Over the course of the sort of 200, 300 years that they were hunting the whales,
经过200到300年时间 他们一直都是捕鲸
about 1 20,000 were killed,
大概有12万头鲸被捕
to almost the point of extinction.
几乎都要灭绝了
It's quite remarkable. I mean...
这是非常值得关注的事
But then, they were easy prey, in a way, weren't they?
他们会后悔的 不是吗？
The right whale.
鲸
NARRATOR:The right whale population never really recovered here.
鲸的数量再也不可能像以前那样了
Today, there are almost none in the waters around Svalbard.
今天在斯瓦尔巴特群岛[挪威] 几乎都没有什么鲸了
As larger whales became scarce, hunters turned to smaller species.
大鲸少了以后 捕杀者就开始捕小鲸了
One was the beluga whale, which was hunted mercilessly.
白鲸几乎都被捕杀光了
Some of its oil was so fine, it was used to lubricate watches.
他们的油很好 可以用作手表的融化油
Having worked to conserve many species of whales,
我们探究过很多种类的鲸
Philippe is keen to see how the belugas are doing here.
菲利普希望看到白鲸
There, that stark white colour... Yeah.
他们的颜色是白色的… 是啊
...is so unique. There are no other whales that look like that.
…这是唯一的 没有别的鲸不是这个样子的
Look a bit like dolphins, actually. Less like a whale.
看起来实际上有点像是海豚
They do have a little bit of a dolphin look, like a smile.
他们真的有点像是海豚
But that melon is so distinctive on its head, you know,
但是他的头是很有特色的
this big melon is just very kind of the typical beluga shape.
像这样的西瓜头就是典型的白鲸
NARRATOR:These belugas were filmed in captivity.
这些白已经有人拍摄过
Getting close to them in the wild will be much more difficult.
接近他们是很困难的事
But I heard they're really quite hard to actually see in the wild,
但是我听说他们也是很少的
especially here in this region. Yeah.
特别是在这个地方 是的
They are supposed to be quite shy,
他们是很害羞的
and that's why I wanted to see a little bit of footage ahead of time.
那就是我想提前看看电影的原因
NARRATOR:The team will try to find some belugas
探险队想要去找到白鲸
to help assess the health of the population in this part of the Arctic.
想要来帮助北极种群恢复健康
But the fjords are immense.
但是峡湾很大
So to cover more ground, Paul and Tooni take a boat each.
所以托妮和保罗各 自乘船去了很多地方
It'll be a long, cold trip, man.
伙计 那是长距离的冰冷的旅行
NARRATOR:Philippe and Lucy stand by to go to whichever boat finds any belugas.
菲利普和露西在等 看哪条船先找到白鲸
They centre their search along the edge of the massive glaciers
他们沿着海岸线寻找
at the head of the fjord.
在峡湾边缘
As the glacier's coming down, it stirs up all this silt, till,
随着冰川的缩小
and that helps to create a really nutrient-rich area.
这儿成了一个相当富足的地方
You have fresh water flowing in, so you can have lots of fish,
有淡水流了进来 所以你可以看到很多的鱼
lots of all sorts of stuff living in there.
有很多种类的鱼生活在这儿
NARRATOR:These are ideal conditions for polar cod,
这是北极最理想的地方
fish the belugas feed on.
白鲸靠吃他们而生活
This is perfect for the belugas, for them to hunt.
这是他们找到白鲸最好的机会
This is prime beluga zone.
这也是白鲸最威胁的地方
Just going to keep looking this whole way along the glacier front.
他们这样一直在找
NARRATOR:Belugas are not easy to spot.
白鲸是很难找到的
Their white colour is excellent camouflage.
他们的白色是很容易被忽略的
I'm looking for things that look like either breaking waves or lumps of ice,
我们也在注意这些 包括白色的海浪
which is a little bit confusing
真的很难看清楚的
considering there are quite a few lumps of ice knocking around these parts.
考虑到会碰到冰川
I found a seal. I guess it doesn't count, though.
我们找到了海豹 我想这还不算
NARRATOR:This is a bearded seal, the largest species of Arctic seal.
这是有胡须的海豹 是北极数量最多的海豹
So they've got these red heads.
所以他们的头是红色的
And that's because when they've been rooting around on the bottom
那就是为什么当他们 还在底下的时候…
for their food, they rub it against all the iron ore that's up in the fjords.
在那儿寻找食物 在峡湾寻找那些他们需要的铁矿石
So these are the only ones of these bearded seals that have got red heads,
这就是为什么他们的 头是红色的原因
just from rooting around on the bottom.
一直都这样
NARRATOR:After several hours of searching,
在寻找了几个小时之后
still no sign of belugas.
还是没有看到白鲸
That's frustrating. It's like... I know.
真气馁- 我知道
I mean, it's a massive area, there's no question, but...
我是说 地方很大也难怪了 但是…
They're here somewhere. Maybe we'll get...
他们一定在这儿附近 也许我们可以…
Just got to find them.
去找到他们
NARRATOR:Finally, Tooni has good news.
最后 托妮传来了好消息
So, we spotted the belugas.
所以我们看到白鲸了
I literally just looked round and it looked like this block of ice
我一看就像这个 白色的冰妮妮妮一样
was just coming up and going down again.
在那儿上上下下的移♥动♥
And I can see a few of them.
我可以看到很多
NARRATOR:The whales are moving quickly towards the expedition ship.
他们快速的对着探险船游了过来
It's the opportunity Philippe has been waiting for,
这是菲利普等待的机会
to assess the population of belugas at close quarters.
等等白鲸到达0.5米处的时候
This is very rare and, like, very lucky.
这是很少有的事我们真的很幸运
There's one over there.
那儿有一头
Oh, look, look, look!
噢 你看 你看！
We are surrounded by belugas.
我们被白鲸包围了
NARRATOR:Philippe and Lucy estimate
菲利普和露西估计
there are about 30 swimming around the boat.
大概有30头
Very shy. I can't believe we're getting this close.
他们很害羞我们这么近 我都不敢相信
Wow.
哇
Look, they're literally just off the bow.
看 他们在鞠躬
NARRATOR:Belugas are adapted to life in these ice-covered seas.
白鲸就生活在有冰川的海洋里
It's weird because there isn't a dorsal fin,
很奇怪 因为他们没有背绪