向深海出发（2008）

It's a bit like plate tectonics, you know,
有点像平面构造
where great geological plates slide together and form mountains.
因为起几何形状而拼凑 成了大冰山
When these things slide together, they form great ridges above,
当这些冰滑到一起的时候 形成了冰山群
and along with it these fabulous keels down below.
同时带来的有下面这些平底的冰
NARRATOR:Keels can extend down to 40 metres.
可以向下延伸40米
They help stabilise the ice floes
帮助稳定浮冰
and stop strong winds from breaking them up.
避免被强风吹开
But there are signs that the keels are also shrinking,
但是有现象表明 这些也在慢慢减少
causing ice floes to break up more easily and melt even faster.
引起了浮冰更容易分开 甚至加快融化
PAUL:Hey, Tooni. You see these features here, Tooni?
托妮 你看到这里的特征了？
This is where it's melting.
是的 就是这里融化
NARRATOR:As it does, the underside of the ice
在冰的下面
develops a series of depressions and ridges.
形成了一系列的凹槽和棱角
These are characteristic signs that the ice is melting underneath,
这些都是下面的冰融化的 明显迹象
as well as on top.
正如顶部一样
As ice cover decreases in the summer,
随着夏季冰覆盖的减少
the dark ocean absorbs more heat from the sun.
黑暗的大海吸收更多太阳光
The water warms up and begins to melt the underside of the ice.
海水变暖开始融化冰的下部
TOONI:There are bubbles hitting the ceiling.
同时这些泡泡也加热了顶部
It's just finding all the little pockets, isn't it?
形成各种小孔 是不是？
And if you stick your hand up there, you lose your hand.
如果你把手放进去 就会失去知觉
NARRATOR:Some of this melting is seasonal.
有些是季节性融化
What's changing now is how much ice is disappearing.
改变了多少就会消失多少
TOONI:The whole of the Arctic ice cap is shrinking.
整个北极圈的冰圈都在缩小
And it's a difficult thought to have
想起来就困难
when you're in minus 1 degree centigrade water
当你降低这里海水一个摄氏度
and surrounded by ice.
被冰包围
NARRATOR:This shrinking is so important,
这种减少非常重要
it's being monitored by scientists around the world using satellites.
全世界的科学家都在用卫星监视
But there are relatively few direct measurements.
但是没有直接的测量
So Philippe and Lucy plan to head out on to the ice to measure its thickness.
所以菲利普和露西决定 去实地测量厚度
Measuring stick, some buckets.
厚度 一桶的量
NARRATOR:The thickness will indicate
厚度能够表明
whether this ice is likely to survive the summer.
这些冰能否躲过这个夏季
The measurements they take will be sent to NASA.
他们测量的数据会 被送往NASA（美国宇航局）
For a few decades now NASA's been using satellite technology
几十年来 NASA一直都在使用
to track changes in the Arctic,
卫星跟踪来测量北极的变化
changes in the area covered by ice and the thickness of the ice.
覆盖冰区的变化与冰厚度的变化
But they need the truth to verify that data with information on the ground.
但是他们要确定地面的数据信息
So that's what we're doing. We'll be sending this straight to them.
所以我们在干什么 都会直接发送给他们
NARRATOR:Only ice over two metres thick is likely to make it through the summer.
只有两米厚的冰块 能够度过这夏季
To measure the thickness
要测量冰的厚度
Philippe and Lucy need to drill right through the ice.
菲利普和露西必须在冰块上钻洞
Whoa!
哇
Pop that through.
穿过去
We've essentially got to measure
最终我们得到了
the depth of the hole that we've just drilled.
我们刚才钻的洞的深度数据
And this, if we lower this down,
如果我们放低这个
hopefully the bar will catch on the other side of the ice.
希望边上的围栏能够 挡住另一面的冰
The metal bar's horizontaled out,
融化带慢慢散开
so it's sitting against the bottom of the ice.
所以这是靠着海底的冰的
I think we got it. It's locked up. And that's the depth.
找到了 已经锁定 这就是深度
I can handle that, right. Oh, I can feel them.
我能搞定 我能够感觉到
One, yeah... So it's one metre. And then...
哦 是一米 那…
The middle of this thing to that point is 65.
而到中间的话 那就是65
So we've got one metre 65.
所以是1.65米
NARRATOR:That's relatively thin,
相对薄了
and more likely to melt over the summer months.
夏季极可能融化
But one measurement is not enough.
但是一种测量还不够
They need to drill several holes, to take an average.
需要钻几个洞 取平均值
I think that's it. So that's one metre...
这就对了 这是一米…
One metre 76? Yeah.
1.76？ 对
Okay, that's 1 .56,
这里是1.56
so basically all four holes have been less than two metres.
这么说 四个洞平均 深度不超过2米
So that's, what, less than six foot or something.
小于六英尺
NARRATOR:The results are consistent with those of other scientists.
结果让那些科学家很满意
The majority of the ice in the Arctic is now comparatively thin,
北冰洋上面的大部分 冰块都已经相对薄了许多
and more likely to disappear in the summer.
很可能会在夏季消失
And this loss is accelerating.
而这种损失还在加速进行
In 2007 and 2008,
在2007年和2008年
the extent of the summer sea ice
夏季冰块的范围
was the smallest since records began.
是有史以来最小的一次
The less ice coverage there is,
冰覆盖的越少
the more the Arctic will absorb solar radiation in the summertime,
北极吸收太阳辐射热量越多
the warmer it'll get, the more ice will melt.
越暖和融化越多
NARRATOR:It's a vicious circle.
这是一个恶性循环
As the reflective sea ice disappears,
随着反射海冰的消失
the water warms up and more ice melts.
谁暖和起来 更多的冰块融化
This leaves the ocean even more exposed to the heating effects of the sun.
这导致海水更多在太阳下暴晒
And the whole process speeds up.
融化的速度不断加快
And as the Arctic gets warmer, this accelerates global warming.
北极变暖 全球急速变暖
This isn't something that's gonna happen down the road,
这不是路上不会发生的事情
something that's gonna happen to our children,
以后我们的孩子会遇上
gonna happen in the future. This is happening to us now.
未来也会遇上 现在已经对我们产生影响
NARRATOR:There's been permanent ice cover
曾经在北冰洋上
in the Arctic Ocean for thousands of years.
覆盖了几千年的冰
But as this NASA animation shows,
但是NASA的动画表明
the ice cover in the summer has been changing fast.
夏季冰的覆盖面变化非常快
In the 1 980s, it was receding by an average of about 3% per decade.
在80年代 每年 以后3%的速度减少
Now it's over 1 1 %.
如今超过11%
I mean, there will come a time
总有一个时候
when that will be a very, very different animation,
会成为很不一样的动画
because all of this ocean will probably be blue come summertime.
因为所有的大海 可能会在夏季时候变蓝色
So, that's the projection. I mean, it's all done on computer models.
这就是方案 都是用电脑模型制♥作♥
So it is, you know, computer modelling is an attempt to predict the future,
试图用电脑模型来预测未来
which is incredibly difficult.
这就很不一样
NARRATOR:One estimate suggests the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free
有一个预测表示 北冰洋可能会成为自♥由♥冰
in the summer by 201 3.
到了2013年夏季
That would mean the loss of almost 2 million square miles of sea ice.
这就意味着损失200万平方英里 的冰覆盖面♥积♥
Well, you know, you see those images of polar bears floating on bits of ice,
也可以看到其他的图片 北极熊在小冰块上漂浮
and you just...
你会…
It's not... It doesn't really become tangible
当然 这不一定会成为事实
until you're actually in it and witnessing it
除非你亲眼看到了
and seeing images like this, and then you realise how, in fact,
看到了这样的景象 然后你意识到
you know, the potential is that it's going to really impact on all of us.
潜在的威胁就是会 直接影响我们所有的人
The fundamental importance of this ocean to the rest of the world
这个海洋对世界上其他 地方最重要的在于
just really can't be overstated.
不能被高估
If the ice keeps melting,
如果冰融化
if the Arctic becomes this very, very much warmer ocean
如果北冰洋变成一个 巨大的暖海洋
the way that scientists are predicting,
正如科学家预测的那样
then that is going to change the entire planet.
那么会改变整个地球
NARRATOR:A warmer Arctic Ocean would not just contribute to global warming.
变暖的北冰洋不仅仅 直接导致全球变暖
It would affect the world in other ways.
也会在其他方面影响地球
Salty water, cooled by the Arctic,
盐水 在北冰洋冷却
helps to drive global ocean circulation,
有助于全球海水环流
a conveyor belt of currents that connects every ocean.
环流会把各大洋连接起来
Cooling salty water from the Arctic region sinks to the ocean depths.
北冰洋冷却的咸水沉 入更深的海中
It moves towards the equator, mixes with warmer currents,
向赤道移♥动♥ 混合暖流
and eventually becomes lighter and flows back towards the pole.
最重成为更轻的海流六回到极地
This does two important things.
造成两个重要的影响
It helps to keep our oceans alive
有助于让海水活动起来
by moving oxygenated water and nutrients around the planet.
通过移♥动♥含氧和营养成分的水
And it regulates our weather by transferring heat around the globe.
把热量全球带动起来 有助于气候的规则化
If it's affected, it could radically change climate patterns
如果受到影响 气候模式会快速变化
and have an impact on the health of our oceans worldwide.
会对全球海洋造成巨大的冲击
And it all begins under the Arctic ice.
而这些都是从北冰洋下面开始
The team's preparing for their next mission,
探险队准备下一个任务
to search for what's living beneath the ice.
搜索海水下面的生命
But then something catches their attention.
但是他们被另外一种现象吸引了
Partway ready for a dive,
到二楼中途准备潜水