切尔诺贝利

-他们能怎么办 -坚持主张改革
- And do what with it? - Insist on reform.
不仅是RBMK
Not just to the RBMK,
-而是整个核工业 -不不不
- but the entire industry. - No, no, no, no, no.
-没有我们他们无法运作 -不
- They can't function without us. - No, no, no.
如果我们
If we...
你知道沃科夫是什么下场吗
Do you know what happened to Volkov
你发现的那份报告的作者
the man whose report you found?
他们把他从研究所撤职了
They just removed him from his position at the Institute.
因为知情而遭到解雇
Sacked for the crime of knowing.
你觉这些被精挑细选出来
And you think that these scientists,
旁观一场走过场性质的庭审的科学家们
handpicked to witness a show trial,
会受我影响而行动起来
will somehow be stirred into action by me?
就因为我违抗国家 采取了英勇的立场
Because of some heroic stance I take in defiance of the State?
-没错 -为什么
- Yes. - Why?
因为你是瓦列利·列加索夫 你的话有份量
Because you're Valery Legasov, and you mean something.
我也希望如果我把事实说出来就够了
I'd like to think that if I spoke out, it would be enough.
但我知道这世界的规矩
But I know how the world works.
他们会枪毙我的 霍缪克
They will shoot me, Khomyuk.
你叫我查清楚真♥相♥
You told me to find out what happened.
我找数十人谈过
I spoke to dozens of people.
我记下了他们说的每一个字
Every word they said, I wrote down.
都在这些笔记本里
All in these books.
这些是还活着的
These are the ones who are still alive.
这些是已经死了的
These are the ones who are dead.
他们为救彼此而死
They died rescuing each other.
为灭火而死 为照顾伤者而死
Putting out fires, tending to the wounded.
他们没有犹豫 也没有动摇
They didn't hesitate, they didn't waiver.
只是做了必须做的事
They simply did what had to be done.
我也是
So have I.
我也是
So have I.
我自愿接近暴露的反应堆
I went willingly to an open reactor.
所以我已经献出了生命
So I've already given my life.
难道还不够吗
Isn't that enough?
很抱歉 但那还不够
No, I'm sorry, but it is not.
1987年7月
苏联共♥产♥党中♥央♥委员会
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
及苏联最高苏维埃主席团
and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R.
决定代表人♥民♥
has determined that justice be carried out
伸张正义
on behalf of the People
这符合由第二十届 二十一届
in accordance with the general goal of our Party
二十二届代♥表♥大♥会♥所制定的我党总目标
as determined by its 20th, 21st, and 22nd Congresses,
即列♥宁♥主义目标
which is a Leninist goal.
无论以前 现在或将来
It was, is, and will be
这都是苏联唯一不变的目标
the only immutable goal in the Soviet state.
我们要坚定不移地
The path of Leninist principles
走马列主义原则道路
shall be consistently and undeviatingly followed
因为这体现了苏维埃人♥民♥的切身利益
as it expresses the vital interests of the Soviet People,
希望与决心
its hopes and aspirations
正如它指导了党和国家的工作
as we guide the life of the Party and the State.
本庭开庭
This session of court is now open,
由米兰·卡德尼考夫法官同志主审
Comrade Judge Milan Kadnikov presiding.
现起诉
Indictments:
维克多·布卡诺夫
Viktor Bryukhanov,
安纳托利·迪亚特洛夫
Anatoly Dyatlov,
尼克莱·福明
Nikolai Fomin...
违反苏联刑法
are accused of violating Article 220 Section 2
第二章第220条
of the Criminal Code of the Soviet Union,
导致1986年4月26日发生核灾难
resulting in a nuclear disaster on April 26, 1986.
检方传唤霍缪克同志出庭作证
The State calls witnesses Comrade Khomyuk
她来自白俄♥罗♥斯♥核能源研究所
of the Byelorussian Nuclear Institute,
还有库尔恰托夫原子能研究所的列加索夫同志
Comrade Legasov of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy,
和鲍里斯·埃夫多基莫维奇·谢比纳同志
and Comrade Boris Evdokimovich Shcherbina,
部长理事会的副♥主♥席♥
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers
兼燃料与能源局局长
and head of the Bureau for Fuel and Energy.
一切从一场安全测试开始
It began with, of all things, a safety test.
当初为什么需要做安全测试
Why was there need for a safety test at all?
事故发生时 4号♥反应堆已经不新了
Reactor Number 4 was not new when the accident occurred.
事实上 它是在1983年12月20日投入使用的
In fact, it went into operation on December 20th, 1983.
11天后 就在那年的最后一天
Eleven days later, on the last day of the year,
核电站厂长维克多·布卡诺夫签下这份文件
Plant Director Viktor Bryukhanov signed this document--
证实反应堆施工工程完工
certifying the completion of the construction of the reactor.
由于赶在年前结束工作
As a result of finishing the work before the end of the year,
布卡诺夫同志被授予社♥会♥主♥义♥劳动英雄称号♥
Comrade Bryukhanov was awarded Hero of Socialist Labor.
福明同志被授予勇敢奖章
Comrade Fomin was awarded for Valorous Labor.
迪亚特洛夫同志被授予红旗勋章
Comrade Dyatlov was given an Order of the Red Banner.
但他们的工作尚未完成
But their work was not finished.
这份文件是伪造的
And this document was a lie.
签署证书之前
In order to sign this certificate,
必须成功完成所有安全测试
all safety tests had to have been successfully completed,
然而有一项未完成
and yet, one remained.
核反应堆中的堆芯会产生热量
A nuclear reactor generates heat in the core here.
这里有多台水泵
A series of pumps, here and here,
以恒定流量驱动冷却水流过堆芯
send a constant flow of cooling water through the core.
堆芯的热量将水转化为蒸汽
The core's heat turns the water to steam,
蒸汽推动汽轮机转动
and the steam spins the turbine here,
从而产生电能
and the result is electricity.
但如果一座电厂失去动力会怎么样
But what if a power plant has no power?
如果电厂本身的供电中断会怎么样
What if the power feeding the plant itself is disrupted?
停电 设备故障
A blackout, equipment failure,
或者遭到外敌袭击
or an attack by a foreign enemy?
如果没有电力
If there's no power,
泵就无法向堆芯供水
the pumps cannot move water through the core.
没有水 堆芯就会过热
And without water, the core overheats,
燃料会熔毁
the fuel melts down.
简而言之 核灾难
In short, a nuclear disaster.
怎么解决
The solution?
这里有三台柴油备用发电机
Three diesel fuel backup generators here.
问题解决了吗
So, problem solved?
没有
No.
布卡诺夫知道问题根本没有解决
Bryukhanov knew that the problem was not solved at all.
备用发电机需要一分钟左右
The backup generators took approximately one minute
才能达到所需转速
to reach the speed required
驱动水泵 避免堆芯熔毁
to power the pumps and prevent a meltdown,
到那时 一切都晚了
and by that time, it would be too late.
下面就来说说安全测试
So we arrive at the safety test.
理论如下 如果设备失去供电
The theory was this: If the facility lost power,
正在转动的汽轮机
the turbine, which had been spinning,
会经过一段时间的减速 最终停机
would take some time to slow down and stop.
如果能将这段时间之内
What if you could take the electricity
它所发出的电能输送给水泵呢
it was still generating and transfer it to the pumps?
如果正在惰转的汽轮机
What if the dying turbine
能够驱动水泵运行足够长的时间
could keep the pumps working long enough
以填补发电机投入前的60秒缺口呢
to bridge the 60-second gap until the generators came on?
有什么问题吗
Any questions?
没有 请继续
No. Continue, please.
为了测试这一理论
To test this theory,
将反应堆置于低功率模式
the reactor is placed in a reduced power mode--
700兆瓦
700 megawatts--
以模拟停电状态
to simulate a blackout condition.
随后使汽轮机停运
Then the turbines are turned off,
在转速逐渐降低的过程中
and as they slowly spin down,
测量其电力输出
their electrical output is measured
判断是否足以驱动水泵运行
to see if it's enough to power the pumps.
科学理论没问题
The science is strong,
但实际效果取决于执行测试的人
but a test is only as good as the men carrying it out.
他们的第一次测试失败了
Now, the first time they tried, they failed.
第二次测试失败了
The second time they tried, they failed.
第三次测试失败了
The third time they tried, they failed.
第四次测试
The fourth time they tried
是在1986年4月26日
was April 26th, 1986.
霍缪克同志