BBC地球系列：非洲（2013）

非洲的中心
The very centre of Africa.
绵延200万平方英里的
And the centre of two million square miles
茂密热带雨林的中心
of dense tropical rain forest.
乍一看 此地似乎荒无人烟 静得可怕
At first glance it seems deserted and eerily still,
不是个宜居之地
not an easy place to live.
但事实上 此处是非洲
But in fact, there is a greater concentration of animals here
动物最密集的地方
than anywhere else in Africa.
在这里 他们必须抓住每个生存机会
And in this world, they must grab every opportunity.
竞争是无情而又惨烈的
Competition is intense and unrelenting.
甚至森林本身也得用尖刺和毒汁
Even the forest itself fights its corner with spines
为自己争得一隅之地
and poisonous sap.
在这里 众生都得为生存空间战斗
Here, every living thing must fight for its space.
〖刚 果〗
多美啊
Such beauty.
但这是一种自给自足的花
But the flower is self-serving,
引诱动物不知不觉走进陷阱
enticing animals into an unwitting alliance.
眼前的是无刺蜂
Stingless bees.
他们得辛苦工作
They have to work hard.
雨林里的花供应的花蜜有限 逼得他们这样做
The forest flowers make them do so by rationing their nectar,
每只蜜蜂每天都得马不停蹄地
forcing each bee to visit and so pollinate
要给至少一千朵花授粉
at least a thousand blooms each day.
对于蜜蜂来说 是劳有所获的
For the bees, it's worth the effort.
他们需要花粉来酿蜜 然后储存在蜂房♥里
They need the nectar to make honey, which they store in pots.
他们把珍贵的蜂蜜藏在一棵树的树皮下
It's so precious, they keep it hidden beneath the bark of a tree.
但他们的小秘密还是被发现了
But their secret is out.
在雨林之中 没有什么是安全的
Nothing is safe in this forest.
黑猩猩最爱蜂蜜了
Chimpanzees love honey.
她似乎把危险抛在了脑后
She seems oblivious to danger.
从上面摔下来是会致命的
A fall from up here could be fatal.
不过她需要一根更大的棍子
But she does need a bigger stick.
只有黑猩猩才有本事
Only a chimp has the ability
捣入无刺蜂如此隐秘的蜂巢
to break into a stingless bees' nest as well hidden as this.
黑猩猩聪明至极
Chimps are extremely intelligent,
但不是谁生来就会使用工具的
but none is born with the skill to use a tool.
像这样的小黑猩猩得通过观察来学习
Youngsters like this one must learn by watching.
她使用特别的工具 一件接着一件
She uses special tools, one after another,
以便能吃到所有蜂蜜
to get all the honey she can,
不到几分钟
and in a few minutes,
她就将无刺蜂数年构建的蜂巢给毁了
she destroys what took the bees years to build.
在雨林 没有什么是安全的
In the rainforest, nothing is safe.
在刚果
Here in the Congo,
每英亩土地都挤着500颗树
there can be as many as 500 trees crammed into every acre.
为了争夺空间
In the battle for space,
有些树在几十年里就会窜到60多米高
some will rise to over 60 metres high in just a few decades.
在这样的山谷地带
In a valley like this,
可能生长着接近1000种不同的树
there could be close on 1,000 different species of tree.
上方的树冠间很少接触
Up here, the crowns barely touch.
树与树之间互不干扰对方的生存空间
Each tree seems to respect its neighbour's space.
当它们的种子落到森林地面时
When they germinate down on the forest floor,
小树苗和植物的生长更加无拘无束
young trees and plants are less restrained.
但是每一代新植物都要战斗到底
But every new generation fights it out,
我们可以通过快进看清这场战斗
in battles we can see by accelerating time.
如果想生存下来 就必须得到光照
They must get light if they are to survive
它们会挤压 击碎 甚至刺破对方去获取阳光
and they squeeze, crush and even slash one another in order to reach it.
尽管上方被厚厚的树冠所覆盖
Despite the thick canopy above,
有些阳光还是会渗透下来
some sunlight does filter through
为森林地表的低光照植物提供必要的生存条件
and allows a few low-light specialists to bloom near the forest floor.
在这下面也有些动物 是喜光的
Down here there are animals, too, that seek out the sunlight.
森林中最大的掠食者
The forest's largest predator.
一条雌岩蟒
A female rock python.
她的身体长达5米
Her body is five metres long,
重达100公斤 有着4000块肌肉
weighs 100 kilos and has 4,000 muscles
用来碾碎她的猎物
that she uses to crush the life out of her victims.
但是现在 她需要的不是食物而是温暖
But right now, her need is not for food. It's for warmth.
她发现了一小块地
She finds a rare patch
只见一缕阳光撒到地面上
where a shaft of sunlight strikes the ground
她开始晒日光浴了
and she begins to bask.
蛇是冷血动物
She's cold-blooded,
所以这是她提高体温的唯一方法
so this is the only way she can raise the temperature of her body.
可是现在 她的身体已经非常暖和了
But now she's becoming very warm indeed,
甚至比平常高出十几度
more than ten degrees hotter than usual.
如果体温达到40度 就有死亡的危险
At 40 degrees centigrade, she's in danger of killing herself.
于是她及时离开了
Just in time, she moves off.
她消失在地下了
She disappears below ground.
这是她的巢穴 里面堆满了巨型蛇卵
This is her nest and it's full of giant eggs.
蛇卵必须保持在30度以上时才能孵化成功
It's critical for the eggs development that they stay above 30 degrees.
在摄制组找到的这个蛇穴里
Here in this special filming burrow,
她轻轻得用自己的身体缠绕住蛇卵
she gently wraps her super-heated body around the eggs,
把太阳的温暖传递过去
passing onto them the warmth of the sun.
三个月以来 她天天如此
She has done this every day for three months.
如此反复的热应激
The repeated heat stress on her body
可能对蛇造成致命的伤害
is so great it could be lethal,
要孵化出这一窝蛇卵
and at the very least, it will take three years for her to
她至少得花三年时间才能恢复体能
recover from incubating this one clutch of eggs.
蛇卵壳跟羊皮纸类似
Her parchment-shelled eggs
上面已经压上了她鳞片的印记
carry the pressed imprint of her scales,
那显示出她缠绕它们的力量之大
an indication of the strength of her embrace.
最后 她的努力得到了回报
At last, her efforts are rewarded.
但是蛇宝宝不能待在这里
But the babies can't stay here.
他们必须离开巢穴
They must leave their sanctuary
到上面枝蔓丛生的世界寻找食物
and find food in the tangled world above.
他们身长60多厘米 足以对森林里
They're over 60 centimetres long, already big enough to be
比他们小的居民构成威胁
a threat to the smaller inhabitants of the forest.
但是他们自身也是很脆弱的
But they are themselves vulnerable.
尤其是对其它蛇来说
Particularly to other snakes.
但这是它母亲
But this one is their mother.
超乎寻常的
Unusually for snakes,
蛇宝宝出壳后 她的母性本能仍持续了几天
her maternal instincts continue for days after her eggs hatch.
即便如此 森林是个危险遍布的地方
Even so, the forest is such a dangerous place
蛇宝宝长大成年的概率只有1%
that only one in 100 of her youngsters is likely to reach adulthood.
森林里偶尔也会有竞争缓和的时候
Just occasionally, the competition eases.
有棵树突然结果了
A tree suddenly produces fruit.
那非常吸引在树冠层上生存的生物
It's a magnet for the creatures of the canopy,
他们在自己吃的同时
and they, in turn, as they feed,
也给地面生存的生物带来了福利
create a bonanza for those on the ground below.
一群红河猪来了
A mob of red river hogs.
他们在茂密的灌木丛跋涉了两英里
They have travelled over two miles through the thick undergrowth
才吃到这些落下的果实
to get to this fall of fruit.
但是在非洲森林里 没什么可以不劳而获
But in the African forest, little comes for free.
这顿饕餮盛宴就当是贿赂了
This feast is a bribe.
那些猪会用自己的胃把树种
The hogs will carry the seeds in their stomachs
散播到远离母树的地方
and deposit them far from the parent tree.
夜幕降临了
Night falls.
但是一群既非动物又非植物的生灵
But one living community, which is neither animal nor plant
还在黑暗中继续着无穷无尽的工作
continues its never ending work in the darkness.
真菌的存在让这片土地充满生机
This ground is alive with fungi
它们会消化森林产生的全部垃圾
that digest all the litter discarded by the forest.
一些稀有的菌类所用的酶能够发光
Some rare fungi do so with enzymes that are luminous.
当地人称之为"黑猩猩之火"
The local people call them "Chimpanzee fire."
没有这些菌类 死亡的植物会堆积如山
Without the fungi, the dead vegetation would pile so high
湮没还活着的树木
the living trees would be submerged.
黎明到来 新的一天向大家展示了
Dawn, and a new day reveals just how much control
丛林对自己环境的控制力量
the jungle has over its own environment.
刚果的森林被誉为"非洲之肺"
The forests of the Congo are the lungs of Africa.
森林利用阳光变得茂密苍郁
As they use the sunlight to build their tissues,
同时释放氧气和水蒸气
so they release oxygen and water vapour into the air.
每公顷森林每年可以以水蒸气的形式
Each hectare of forest produces, as vapour,
产生约19万公升的水
almost 190,000 litres of water a year.
因此 森林可以主宰自己的天气
So much that it creates its own weather.
森林上空阴云密布
Clouds blanket the forest,
使得湿度增强 气温上升