BBC地球系列：非洲（2013）

But when lions attack their herds, they've always retaliated.
马萨伊人和狮子是古老的对手
Maasai and lions are ancient adversaries.
捕杀狮子
A lion hunt
对于奥卢比·莱伦贝这样的年轻马萨伊战士
is still a rite of passage for young Maasai warriors
依然是一种成人仪式
like Olubi Lairumbe.
对于我们马萨伊人
For me and any Maasai,
杀死一头狮子才能最终证明
killing a lion is the ultimate fulfilment
我们是合格的马萨伊人
of a truly accomplished Maasai.
那是无与伦比的
Nothing compares to that.
没有谁比马萨伊人更了解
There is nobody who knows more about living alongside lions
与狮子毗邻而居
than the Maasai themselves.
我和奥卢比及村庄里的其他战士会面
I met Olubi and some of the other warriors in his village
以了解他们和当地狮群的关系
to find out about their relationship with the local pride.
村庄附近有多少头狮子
How many lions are there around here?
大概100头吧
Around here, there are about 100.
他们有名字吗
So they all have names?
每头狮子都有个马萨伊名字
Every single lion has a name. A Maasai name.
你们见到狮子时
And when you see a lion,
知道它会如何行动吗
do you know how it's going to behave?
那取决于狮子
It depends on the lion.
对于马萨伊勇士 不会惧怕狮子
For a Maasai warrior, lions are nothing to be scared of.
但如果我看到狮子 它会袭击我吧
But if I saw a lion, a lion would be likely to attack me.
除非你挑衅它
Only if you threaten it.
好吧 我希望下只狮子能明白
Mmm, well, I hope the next lion knows that.
奥卢比17岁时杀了第一只狮子
Olubi killed his first lion when he was just 17,
那头狮子袭击了他的牛群
after it attacked his cattle.
不幸的是 那只狮子怀孕了
Unfortunately, the lion turned out to be pregnant.
而那导致了一个大转变
And that led to a remarkable turnaround.
马萨伊人敬重所有生灵
The Maasai respect all living things.
我对我杀死的狮子心生愧疚
And I began to feel guilty about the lion that I had killed.
最后 我变得崇敬狮子
In the end, I came to admire the lions.
奥卢比的心灵发生了巨大变化
Olubi had a dramatic change of heart.
他背弃了马萨伊几百年来的传统
He turned his back on hundreds of years of Maasai tradition.
奥卢比和其他战士一起成为了狮子守护者
Along with some other warriors, Olubi became a lion guardian.
奥卢比不再猎杀狮子 而是保护它们
Instead of hunting lions, Olubi will be protecting them.
他和斯黛芬尼·道琳
He teamed up with Stephanie Dolrenry,
一个帮助开展项目的人一起合作
who helped pioneer the project.
尊重他们的传统
Just by respecting their traditions
带给他们生态知识
and also bringing in their ecological knowledge,
取得了巨大成功
it's been hugely successful.
他们了解那片土地 知道如何追踪狮子
They know their areas, they know how to track lions,
一代代人不曾改变
they've been doing it for generation after generation.
他们知道如何追踪
They know how to track them,
如何捕猎 如何寻找
they know how to hunt them, they know how to find them.
这只是小范围的项目
This is only a small-scale project.
但由于狮子总数过少
But with lion numbers as low as they are,
他们需要一切可能得到的帮助
they need all the help they can get.
奥卢比正在追踪戴无线电颈圈的狮子
Olubi is tracking radio-collared lions.
他能在狮群到来时
He's able to warn villages to move their cattle
提醒村民赶走牛群
when the pride is in the area.
那样就能避免冲突
And so, they're avoiding conflict.
项目开始之后 这片区域
No lions have been killed in the immediate area
再也没有狮子被捕杀
since the project began.
结合古老和现代的科技
By combining the science, both ancient and contemporary,
他们正在创造美好的新世界
they're beginning to make a real difference.
有太多要学的了
There's so much to be learned.
我觉得我带来了现代科技和知识
I feel I bring in modern technology, modern knowledge.
而他们则教我认知环境
And, in return, they teach us about the environment
以及他们所处环境的改变
and how things have changed in their environment.
那真是一种美妙的交流学习
And it's a really neat exchange.
你不能说我们是生物学家和老师
You can't say we're the biologists or the teachers.
或是守卫者和老师
Or the guardians or the teachers.
我们都是老师 也都是学生
We're both teachers and we're both students
我觉得这种融合很棒
And I think that's... that blend is amazing.
重要的是 项目的核心
Critically, at the heart of this project
是这些马萨伊人态度的巨大转变
is a huge attitude change by these Maasai warriors.
本是他们宿敌的动物 现在却被加以保护
An animal that was once their sworn enemy, they now protect.
他们愿意和其他部族分享知识
And their willingness to share knowledge with other communities
意味着这样的项目
means that projects like this
也可以在非洲其他地区应用
could be repeated in other parts of Africa.
过去 战士杀死一只狮子
Traditionally, when a warrior killed a lion,
他就会获取狮子的名字
he took the name of the lion.
现在情况相反
Now, it's the other way round.
狮子的名字来自于保护它的勇士
Now, the lion takes the name of the warrior who protects it.
该方案非常成功
The scheme is a huge success.
附近大概有100头狮子
There are about 100 lions
被纳入到该保护方案中
involved in the scheme in this neighbourhood.
这就是21世纪保护措施的实际行动
This is 21st-century conservation in action.
野生动物最大的威胁恐怕是
Perhaps the biggest threat to wildlife
人口急速增长带来的生存空间之争
is the competition for space with the rapidly-growing human population.
维龙加火山群横跨卢旺达
The Virunga Volcanoes straddle the borders of Rwanda,
乌干达和刚果民♥主♥共和国的边界
Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
富饶的火山土十分肥沃
The rich volcanic soils are extremely fertile.
那是非洲耕作业最发达的地区之一
It's one of the most intensively cultivated areas in Africa.
但农夫们和我们的近亲
But the farmers also share this region
共同分享这片土地
with one of our closest relatives.
此处是
This is home
地球上最后约800只野生山地大猩猩的家园
to the last 800-or-so wild mountain gorillas left on earth.
我们对这种动物十分了解
We know a great deal about these animals,
人类已经对他们进行了50年的详细研究
they've been closely studied for 50 years.
一只强壮的银背雄猩猩是族群的统治者
One strong silverback male keeps everyone in order.
大猩猩的家庭生活一般都很祥和
And gorilla family life is mostly peaceful.
在数代之前
Until a few generations ago,
山地大猩猩在丛林中过着隐居生活
mountain gorillas, hidden in the seclusion of their forests
很少被人类发现
were seldom seen by human beings.
但他们的栖息地渐渐被蚕食
But their habitat was steadily being carved away,
现在这些大猩猩被孤立在火山的山坡地带
and now these gorillas are marooned on the volcanic slopes
被无尽的农田包围
in a sea of farmland.
现如今 大猩猩经常与人类接触
The fact that gorillas now regularly come into contact with people
不仅意味着他们被偷猎者杀害的风险增加
not only means an increased threat of poaching,
患病的风险也会增加
but also of disease.
大猩猩对我们身上携带的寄生虫
Gorillas have little or no resistance
几乎没有抵抗力
to the bugs that we carry.
这里大猩猩的数量一度降至约250头
Numbers here once dropped to around 250.
他们濒临灭绝
They were facing extinction.
人们必须行动起来
Action had to be taken.
国家公园竖立起严格的边界
The boundaries of the National Park were strictly enforced,
阻止农田的继续扩张
halting the encroachment of farmland.
人们认为唯一的解决方案
And it was decided that the only solution
是对幸存的大猩猩进行集中管理
was to intensively manage the remaining gorillas.
科学队伍持续不断地监控他们
Teams of scientists constantly monitor them.
在他们栖息的丛林巡逻 捣毁偷猎者的陷阱
Their forests are patrolled to cut poachers' snares.
兽医们也密切注意着他们的健康
And vets watch their health closely.
不 别拿这个
No, don't take it...
所需的资金几乎都来自生态旅游业
This is funded mostly through eco-tourism
和来自世界各地的捐款
and donations from all over the world.
山地大猩猩的族群现在起死回生
Mountain gorillas are now back from the brink.
如此高度的人为干涉也许并不理想
This level of human intervention might not be ideal,
但却很有效
but it's working.
每一年都有新的小猩猩降生
Every year, there are a few more mountain gorillas
随之人们也更加乐观
and, possibly, just a little more optimism.
在保护区内的集中管理
Intensive management within a protected area
也许是很多非洲物种未来唯一的出路
may represent the only future for many African species.
但对某些动物来说 那基本不可能
But for some animals, that is simply not possible.
如果你要保护的动物
What happens if the animal you're trying to protect
不适合原地栖息怎么办
is not suited to park life?
大象需要广袤的土地漫步
Elephants require vast amounts of space to roam.
他们需要近1300平方英里的土地
They have a range of up to 1,300 square miles.
如果可能 他们甚至在不同国家间迁徙
Given the chance, they will even move between countries
只为寻找最好的食物
in search of the best food.
特别是环境变得恶劣的时候