BBC地球系列：非洲（2013）

我正盘旋在东非大裂谷上空
I'm flying over the Great Rift Valley in East Africa.
在我下方是一片沟壑遍布之地
And below me, is a landscape in turmoil,
因地壳的挤压和拉伸而四分五裂
torn apart by the twisting and buckling of the earth's crust.
此处也是一个变幻莫测的地方
It's also a landscape of huge and unpredictable change,
逼迫着动物们 日复一日 季复一季
that forces animals, day by day, season by season,
以命相博
to gamble with their lives.
但对于那些适者
But for those that win,
此处是地球上最肥沃的地方之一
this is one of the most fertile landscapes on earth.
非 洲 大 草 原
尼拉贡戈火山有着世界上最大的熔岩湖
Nyiragongo, the largest lava lake in the world...
岩浆从地下10英里处喷涌而出
..bubbling up from nearly ten miles beneath the surface.
此处是最接近炙热地心的地方
Nowhere takes you closer to the fiery heart of the planet.
尼拉贡戈火山是非洲最活跃的火山之一
Mount Nyiragongo is one of the most active volcanoes in Africa.
火山喷发时 甚至可以从太空中看到
Its eruptions can be seen from space.
当岩浆在地壳之下翻滚时
As magma churns below the earth's crust,
此处以东的土地被撕裂开来
the land to the east of here is being torn apart.
像这样的火山
Volcanoes like this
持续不断地改变着东非的地貌
are continually changing the face of Eastern Africa.
这里的火山也许有着狂暴的一面
The volcanoes here may have a violent side...
但是 那些火海却促进了生命的诞生
..But life flows from these infernos.
无数次的火山喷发为这片土地带来了肥沃的火山灰
Fertile ash from countless eruptions carpets the land...
为草的生长创造了理想的条件
..Creating the ideal conditions for grasses to flourish,
形成一望无际的大草原
on an immense scale.
茂盛的草原让此地聚集了
And with the grasses come animals
众多特有的动物
in numbers found nowhere else on earth.
比如牛羚
Wildebeest.
前进之路 无可阻挡
Nothing stands in their way.
跋山涉水 只为到达鲜草地
All this, just to reach fresh grass.
那长途跋涉的牛羚群只是这里的生命元素之一
The ever-travelling herds are only one element of life here.
瞧仔细了 新的故事主角闪亮登场了
Look closer and there are new stories to tell.
生活在大草原也就意味着
Living on the savannah is about
要充分利用大草原提供的生存条件
making the most of the hand the landscape deals you.
但在这里 就只能赌一把 一切都瞬息万变
But here, it's always a gamble - everything may change tomorrow.
飞龙蜥蜴等待的有利时机 就是牛羚群的到来
From their vantage point, agama lizards wait for the arrival of the herds,
以备伺机而动
ready to seize their moment.
今天是丰收日 上百万头牛羚来到了他们的地盘
It's payday - over a million wildebeest on their doorstep.
围绕牛羚群飞舞着不计其数的昆虫
And with the wildebeest come flying insects - billions of them.
如果抓住了 就可以美餐一顿
Food - if only they could catch them!
得再思虑一番
Time for a rethink.
飞龙蜥蜴发现机会了
This agama lizard has spotted an opportunity.
能比牛羚吸引更多苍蝇的只有一样东西
Only one thing attracts more flies than the wildebeest...
就是吃过牛羚的狮子
..Lions that have eaten wildebeest.
狮子的臭脾气是众所周知的
Lions are famously bad tempered,
他们可能一口吞了蜥蜴
they could swat the lizard
就像蜥蜴想要吞掉苍蝇一般
like the flies he's hoping to ambush.
他得小心选择下手目标
He will need to pick his target carefully.
不是她
Not her.
也不是她
Or her.
或许选她
Maybe?
算了吧
But no.
为了达到有效捕食范围 他得鼓足勇气
To be within striking distance, he's got to hold his nerve.
吃到一只
Got one!
现在他眼光精准
Now he's getting his eye in.
但是这只也许有更大的野心
But this might be a bit ambitious.
在一头狮子的后背捕食 是需要勇气的
It may take courage to hunt on the back of a lion...
但是要有何时该跑的直觉
..But it takes sense to know when to run away!
牛羚不会在这里待很久 当他们离开时
The wildebeest won't stay for long, and when they leave,
大多数苍蝇也会跟着离开
most of the flies will follow.
变化在东非随处可见
Change is everywhere in East Africa.
眼前的草地曾是一片
This grassland was once covered by a forest
横跨东西海岸的森林
that ran unbroken from west coast to east coast.
如今 平原之上
Today, high above the plains,
高耸达3英里的山峰在云雾背后若隐若现
swirling clouds hide mountains that tower three miles into the sky.
那些雪峰
These frozen summits
现在成为一道山体屏障
now form part of a mountainous barrier
将西边的古森林
separating the ancient jungles in the west
和东边的大草原分隔开来
from the savannahs of the east.
在山顶 储藏着非洲最大的冰川
Up here, lies the largest glacier in Africa,
仅仅位于赤道以北几英里的地方
just a few miles north of the equator.
那些就是传说中的月亮山
These are the legendary Mountains of the Moon.
山体惊人的高度
The height of these peaks
意味着会形成独特的天气状况
means they create their own weather.
那些山在当地叫做"鲁文佐里山"
The local name for these mountains is "Rwenzori",
意思是"造雨师"
"The rain maker".
冰雪融水从冰川滚滚而下
Meltwater flows down from the glaciers.
到了低缓的山坡
And on the lower slopes,
便会滋润茂密的丛林
all this water supports thick jungle...
那曾经遍布整个东非的
..remnants of the dense, steamy forests
苍郁茂盛 氤氲淋漓的森林的残余部分
that once dominated the whole of East Africa.
但是受山外干旱气候的影响
But driven by a drying climate beyond the mountains,
森林开始慢慢消亡
the forests began to wither away.
现在就只剩高山区的零星几片丛林了
Today, only small pockets of upland jungle remain -
成为曾经在古森林中漫步的动物们最后的家园
home to animals who once roamed the ancient forests.
那是地球上现存的最大的灵长动物
The largest living primates on earth.
山地大猩猩
Mountain gorillas.
这只小家伙的祖先在这样的森林中
This little one's ancestors have lived in forests like these
生活了数百万年
for millions of years.
但是森林四周都已变成沼泽和草原
But all around, the world has changed to swamp and savannah.
此处是这些庞然大物能到达的
This is the furthest these mighty giants
东非的最远地区了
now venture into Eastern Africa.
他们被困在了非洲蓝天下的孤岛上
They're marooned on their islands in the African sky.
高地之下
Below the highlands,
宽广的湿地把辽阔的草原分割开来
vast wetlands cut swathes through the open savannah.
班韦乌卢沼泽广阔无垠
Bangweulu Swamp is huge,
"班韦乌卢"的意思就是"水天相接之处"
its name means, "Where the water meets the sky".
在这迷宫似的水道里藏匿的
Hidden amongst this maze of waterways
是世界上独一无二的生灵
is a creature like no other.
体型庞大 长相酷似史前动物的鸟类
A giant, prehistoric-looking bird.
鲸头鹳
A shoebill.
她直立起来有一米多高
Standing well over a metre tall...
在沼泽里闲庭信步
she roams these swamps...
伺机抓鲶鱼吃
..trying to catch catfish.
她想抓的可不是这根木头
Not exactly what she was after.
她为什么要抓鱼呢 答案就在沼泽深处
Deeper into the swamp, lies the reason for all this fishing.
眼前的小雏鸟只有三周大
This chick is just three weeks old
仍在蹒跚学步
and a little bit wobbly on its feet.
它的喙很大 所以很难保持身体平衡
Its vast bill means it has trouble balancing.
几周之内 它都别想飞起来
It won't be able to fly, or even walk properly
就连正常走路都难
for several weeks.
所以食物和水 就得全靠它父母了
It's entirely reliant on its parents for food and water.
还有一只更小的雏鸟
There is also a smaller chick,
它表现得不是很好
who isn't doing so well.
大点的雏鸟缠着它妈妈要水喝
The larger chick pesters its mother for a drink.
她离开去取水的时候
While she goes off to fetch water,
它立刻展现出对另一只雏鸟黑暗的一面
it reveals a dark side to the relationship with its nest mate.
它比另一只雏鸟大三天
It's three days older than the other chick,
但却集母亲的宠爱于一身 总能争到食物
and has always won the race for food and attention.
那不止是两只雏鸟间的小打小闹
This is more than just a scrap between two siblings.
它们的母亲回来了
As their mother returns,
她看到了大雏鸟的所作所为
she sees what the larger chick has done.
小雏鸟来寻求母亲的安慰
The smaller chick seeks its mother's comfort.
但是她已经做出了决定
But she has already made her choice.
只有第一个出世的宝宝能喝到水
Only her first-born will get a drink.
鲸头鹳一般一次只抚养一只雏鸟
Shoebills very rarely raise more than one chick.
小点的雏鸟只是个备胎罢了
The younger chick was only ever an insurance,
以防大的不幸夭折
in case the elder didn't make it.
现在雏鸟都大了 成鸟知道
Now it's old enough, the adults know that
最好还是把所有精力
they're better off putting all their efforts
都用在抚养一只健康的幼鸟身上为好
into bringing up just one fit and healthy youngster.
沼泽水位飘忽不定
The swamp's changing water levels
捕鱼全靠运气