BBC地球系列：非洲（2013）

Particularly, if conditions get rough.
眼前是2009年安博塞利国家公园的场景
This was the scene in Amboseli National Park in 2009.
公园里栖息着将近1500头大象
The park is home to nearly 1,500 elephants.
现在却遭遇了半个世纪以来最严重的干旱
And this was the worst drought for half a century.
60%的斑马和95%的牛羚死亡
60% of zebras and 95% of wildebeests were wiped out.
季节性雨水在过去的两年中都没有降临
The seasonal rains had failed for the last two years.
生活在这里的大象们逐渐饿死
And the elephants that lived here were slowly starving.
为保护他们而建立的国家公园被农田包围
The park created to protect them is now surrounded by farmland.
大象们几乎没有别处可去
The elephants had little choice of where else to go.
有三姐妹曾直面这场灾难
Caught up in this catastrophe, were three sisters.
她们站在公园大象保护的最前线
They are the front line for elephant protection in the park.
她们比任何人都更了解这些动物
And they know these animals better than anyone else.
诺拉·尼加妮莉 卡迪图和索伊娜·苏耶拉
Nora Njiraini and Katito and Soila Sayialel.
所有的大象都有自己的名字
You know, all the elephants have been given names.
他们就像我们的家人
They are family to us.
你好 安娜斯塔希娅
Hello, Anastasia!
三姐妹追踪大象已有25年
The sisters have been following these elephants for over 25 years,
努力保证他们的安全
trying to ensure their safety,
特别是当生存环境恶劣的时候
particularly at times when life is tough for these animals.
当时真的很可怕
It really was terrible.
真的没有东西可吃
There was nothing actually to feed on.
我甚至去问过马赛族的老人们
I even went and asked the old Maasai men
有没有经历过这样的干旱
whether they have ever experienced such a drought.
唯一类似那次干旱的是在1961年
The only time it was close to what it was then, was in 1961.
2009年
In 2009...
我们失去了很多头大象
we lost quite a number of elephants.
我想大概有400头
I think we lost about 400 elephants.
年轻的小象最先开始死去
And it started with the young ones.
大象通常躲避干旱的做法
Elephants usually escape drought
就是迁移到旱情略轻的地方去
by moving into other less affected areas.
但非洲的人口增长速度是全世界的两倍
But Africa's human population is growing at double the global rate.
曾经的迁徙路线
And traditional migration routes have been cut
被新建的城镇 农田和道路阻断
by the development of towns, cities, farmland and roads,
导致大象只能被困在原地
leaving these elephants stuck.
眼前的小象快饿死了
This young calf is starving...
她们无能为力
and there is nothing they can do to help.
对于熟识每一头大象的三姐妹来说
For the sisters, who know each elephant personally,
那是可怕的一刻
this is a terrible moment.
那是触动我们心底的悲伤
It is something that we feel in our hearts.
你能想象我们的感受
You can imagine the kind of feelings that we get.
熟知那些大象
You know, knowing those elephants
看到那样的事情发生
and seeing something like that happen.
真的令我们悲痛
It really touches us.
对那个地区的小象来说那是艰难的一年
It was a tough year for all the young elephants in the region.
那一年降生的小象都死了
We lost all the calves that were born that year.
所有的小象 都死了
All of them, we lost them.
三姐妹对拯救小象无能为力
There was nothing the sisters could do to save the baby.
但她们决心要拯救任何可以挽救的大象
But they were determined to save any elephants they could,
特别是还能再生育的母象
especially mothers who could breed again.
她们发现这只母象被困在泥潭中
They found this female stuck in the mud,
在干涸的湖床中精疲力竭
exhausted in a dried-up lake bed.
被困在泥潭里的大象名叫科丽达
The elephant that got stuck in the mud was Kolida.
真可怜
Poor thing, you know.
她被困在那儿好久了
She was there for quite a long time.
一位马萨伊人报告给了我们
A Maasai reported it to us
我们得和肯尼亚野生动物协会的人合作
and we had to combine efforts with the Kenya Wildlife Services people.
大象重达三吨♥
Weighing about three tonnes,
科丽达太重了 无法靠人力搬运
Kolida is just too heavy to shift by hand.
她正在迅速得衰弱
She is weakening fast.
于是第二天 重型机械被运了过来
So the next morning, heavy machinery is brought in.
在泥潭中被困两天之后 科丽达精疲力竭
After two days stuck in the mud, Kolida is exhausted,
但她又站了起来
but she's up on her feet again.
雨水最终回到了安博塞利
The rains did return to Amboseli.
多亏了那三位无私奉献的女士的努力
And thanks in part to the work of those dedicated three women,
大象的数量又开始增长
elephant numbers are now beginning to rise again.
毫无疑问这是一次非常严重的事件
There's no doubt that this was an extremely severe event.
但这是偶然还是发展趋势呢
But is it an isolated incident or a developing pattern?
因为全球变暖的影响
They say that with global warming,
我们根本不知道将发生什么
we actually don't know what's going to happen.
我们只能默默祈祷未来会更好
But we just have to cross fingers and hope for a better future.
一旦有休养生息的机会
Given the opportunity,
东非的大象数量将会回升
the numbers of elephants in East Africa will recover.
尤其是如果他们能在更宽广的土地上自♥由♥迁徙
Especially, if they're given the freedom to range widely
以避免严酷的外部环境
and so avoid the harshest conditions.
帮助大象找到他们所需空间的一个办法
One solution to help elephants find the space they need
就是把公园连接在一起
is to link parks together
在公园间设立安全路径
and provide safe routes between them.
大象喜欢迁徙
Elephants are great travellers
在肯尼亚的这块区域
and here, in this part of Kenya,
他们定期从低地迁到山坡
they regularly moved from the lowlands up the side to the mountains
去森林里觅食
to feed in the forests up there.
然而 随着肯尼亚的人口增加
But then, the human population of Kenya grew
人们建立了类似这样的公路
and roads like this one were constructed,
使大象被围困在低地里
penning the elephants down in the lowland,
他们在那里大肆破坏农场
where they created havoc amongst the farms.
此外 他们还面临着与车相撞的危险
Not only that, there were danger of collisions on the road.
于是有人提出建造一条地下通道
And then someone suggested building an underpass.
完工后的24小时内
Within 24 hours of it being completed,
一只大象穿过了通道
one elephant had passed through.
如今 所有大象都常在晚上
And now, all the elephants use that route
通过这条路上山觅食
to go up the mountain, often at night, to feed.
建造地下通道这样的简单想法
Simple ideas like this underpass
却为大象构建了生命线
are a lifeline for these elephants,
尤其是在干旱时节
especially in times of drought.
非洲的气候无疑是在变化
Africa's climate is certainly changing.
非洲大♥陆♥有些地方的气温
Some parts of the continent have become
在过去20年里升高了3.5摄氏度
3.5 degrees centigrade hotter in the past 20 years.
在非洲最著名的乞力马扎罗山山顶
At the summit of Africa's most famous mountain, Kilimanjaro,
80%的永久冰川已消失无踪
80% of its permanent ice fields have disappeared.
很快 那些冰川都会融化殆尽
Soon, it will be free of ice altogether.
对于整个非洲 山区地带
All over Africa, the mountainous regions
往往最先显示出气候变化的征兆
are often the first indicators of climate change.
在这片埃塞俄比亚高地里
Here, in the Ethiopian highlands
生活着一种长相独特的动物
live very unusual-looking creatures.
杰拉达狒狒
Gelada baboons.
气候变化的逃难者
Climate change refugees.
尽管埃塞俄比亚的这片区域属于热带
Although this region of Ethiopia lies in the tropics,
但在海拔4000米的地方则是另一片天地
up at 4,000 metres, it doesn't feel like it.
与众多非洲动物不同
Unlike most African animals,
杰拉达狒狒习惯于寒冷的生活
geladas are adapted to life in the cold.
他们曾是非洲最成功的灵长类动物之一
They used to be one of Africa's most successful primates,
足迹遍布整个大♥陆♥
found all over the continent.
他们曾一度多达6个种类
At one stage, there were six different species.
而现在只剩1种
Now, there is only one.
随着气候变暖
With the warming climate,
他们的牧场日益缩小
their grazing is becoming more and more scarce,
如今仅限于更冷或更热的地区
restricted to cooler and higher places.
这些杰拉达狒狒被迫迁移到更高的山地
These geladas are being forced higher into the mountains.
不用多久 他们就无处可去了
Soon, there will be nowhere left to go.
这是一个岌岌可危的物种
This is a species living on the edge.
尽管被孤立在山的最顶端
Even though they're isolated on the mountain tops,
他们仍摆脱不了人类的影响
they're not immune to our influence.
由于气候变化
As a result of changing climate,
这些杰拉达狒狒也许很快就要灭绝
these gelada baboons may soon be gone from our planet.
非洲是世界上最炎热的大♥陆♥
Africa is the world's hottest continent.
它的温度毫无疑问正在继续攀升
And there is no doubt it's getting warmer.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热沙漠
The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world.
很少有生物能在如此严酷的条件下生存
Very little can survive in these harsh conditions.
在沙漠的边缘
Along the desert edge,
面对逼近的沙漠 生命依然顽强地生存着
life clings on in the face of encroaching sands.
但他们还能坚持多久呢