BBC地球系列：非洲（2013）

非洲
Africa.
拍摄这个系列的四年里
In the four years of making this series,
我们去过很多令人称奇的地方
we've been to some astonishing places
见过很多从未被拍摄记录过的动物行为
and seen animals behaving in ways that have never been filmed before.
但是非洲又有新故事要讲述
But Africa has another story to tell.
非洲大♥陆♥的野生动物
The wildlife of this continent
在过去的50年见证的变迁
has seen more changes in the last 50 years
要远超过去200万年
than it has in the last two million.
沧海桑田 气候变幻
Changing landscapes and changing climate.
如今的动物们时刻得面对不可预知的挑战
Today's animals are facing unprecedented challenges.
而动物世界之外 非洲大♥陆♥的人口
Whilst around them, Africa's human population
以近乎全球增长率的2倍在增加
is growing at nearly double the global rate.
当务之急便是要理解
There is an increasing urgency to understand
并去保护非洲野生动物的生存空间
and, crucially, to conserve the wildlife of this great continent.
如今 有着一群年轻的自然学家和科学家
Today, there is a new generation of naturalists and scientists
为了原始的自然生存环境
who are fighting to save the wild places
和生活在其中的动物们而努力
and the animals that live in them.
1 2 3
One, two, three!
非洲是地球上最大的野生动物聚居地
This is the greatest wildlife continent on the planet
此地发生的一切与我们息息相关
and what happens here is relevant to us all.
那么 荒野非洲的未来又会如何呢
So what is the future of wild Africa?
未 来
眼前的动物现已成为偷猎者的第一目标
This animal has become the world's number-one target for poachers.
偷猎行为已致其陷入濒临灭绝的境地
Its kind has been hunted almost to the point of extinction.
如今犀牛十分稀有
It's now so rare
因而这一头被日夜监管着
that this individual is watched over day and night.
这是一头黑犀牛
This is the black rhinoceros.
黑犀牛最臭名昭著的特性
And black rhinoceros are notorious
就是脾气暴躁 喜欢突然进攻
for being rather grumpy and suddenly charging.
但是他却身处巨大的危险之中
But he is in great danger,
因为他鼻子上的...
because he has on his nose...
犀牛角
..that horn...
和等量的黄金价值一样
..which is worth its weight in gold.
对犀牛角的需求迅猛上升
The demand for rhino horn has rocketed.
偷猎犀牛的行为在过去短短5年里
There has been a 3,000% increase in poaching
就增长了30倍
just in the last five years.
如今 犀角粉卖♥♥到了每公斤65000美元
Today, powdered rhino horn can fetch up to $65,000 a kilo.
犀牛是犯罪团伙的最佳目标
Rhinos are a lucrative target for organised crime.
在中医里
In Chinese medicine,
犀牛角能减缓发热症状
it's believed that rhino horn can reduce fever
一些越南人则把它当做万能药在卖♥♥
and some Vietnamese sell it as a cure for everything,
包治癌症或宿醉
from cancer to hangovers.
犀牛角由角蛋白构成
It's made of keratin,
与头发 指甲的成分一致
the same substance as hair and nail,
尚未有临床实验能证明此物的药用价值
and it has no clinically proven medicinal value.
但那已使得非洲的黑犀牛成为偷猎目标
But it has made every black rhino in Africa a target.
乌干达和卢旺达的黑犀牛都被杀光了
They've all been killed in Uganda and Rwanda,
在肯尼亚也只有约600头幸存
and there are only around 600 left here in Kenya.
但这些人不是偷猎者
But these are not poachers.
他们是保护者
These are protectors.
那种保护是在犀牛专家
And that protection is overseen
马修·穆廷达医生的监管之下进行的
by rhino expert Dr Matthew Mutinda,
他是肯尼亚野生动物服务部门的最优秀兽医之一
one of the Kenya Wildlife Services' top vets.
"黑犀牛濒临灭绝"
'Black rhinos are critically endangered.'
那正是我们莱瓦野生动物保护组织
That is what here, at Lewa Wildlife Conservancy,
正在努力做得事情
we're trying to do,
拯救动物
save the animal,
提供一个安全的避难所
provide a safe and secure sanctuary
让动物们能够在这里自♥由♥地繁衍生息
where the animal can breed and live freely.
非洲真正的野生犀牛所剩不多
There aren't many true wild rhinos left in Africa.
大部分 如同莱瓦野生动物保护组织下的这些
Most, like these, in Lewa Wildlife Conservancy,
都处于武装保护之下
are under armed guard.
眼前的年轻雌犀牛已达到合适的年龄
This young female has reached the age
马修必须为她做一些健康检查
when Matthew must do some health checks,
包括采集血液样本
including taking blood samples.
那能阻止偷猎者以及非法商人
This will help deter poachers and traffickers,
因为根据被非法交易的犀牛角中的DNA
as DNA in illegally traded rhino horn
可以追踪到其来源
can be tracked back to its origin.
如果必须在野外进行麻醉
If you have to do anaesthesia in the wild,
将会有一定程度的风险
you will expect some degree of risk.
那头雌犀牛对麻醉剂产生了严重不良反应
This female has reacted badly to the anaesthetic.
她没有呼吸了
She's not breathing.
此情况很少见 也很棘手
It's a rare and extremely serious situation.
他知道接下来的几分钟相当关键
He knows that the next few minutes are crucial.
当动物体型如此庞大时
And when an animal is this big,
在荒郊野外 要使得心脏复苏
there's only one way to get the heart going again
只有一种方法
when you're out in the bush.
多亏马修的敏捷思维
Thanks to Matthew's quick thinking,
雌犀牛恢复了心跳
they can hear that she is breathing again.
他们得让她站起来
They've got to get her back on her feet.
果然 她有点找不着北
Not surprisingly, she is disorientated.
成功完成任务
Mission accomplished.
过程虽然很折磨 但是现在
It's been an ordeal, but now,
那头犀牛终身都可以被追踪和保护
this rhino can be tracked and protected for the rest of her life.
不过几分钟 她就和她妈妈悠闲地吃着草了
Within minutes, she's grazing peacefully again with her mother.
像这样对待动物 似乎有一点残忍♥
It may seem heartless to treat an animal like that,
但是我们必须给他们做上记号♥
but we have to keep tabs on them
那样才能够辨别出每一头犀牛
and be able to identify individuals.
他们身处巨大的危险之中
They're in great danger.
即使现在 平均来说
Even now, on average,
非洲每天都有一头犀牛被偷猎者杀害
one rhino is killed by poachers every day in Africa.
肯尼亚的黑犀牛所剩无几
There are so few black rhino left in Kenya
我们可以去认识每一头
that we're getting to know each individual.
但黑犀牛依然能震惊到我们
But this is still a creature that can surprise us.
此前 人们普通认为
Previously, it was widely believed
黑犀牛很大程度上算是独居动物
that black rhinos were largely solitary creatures.
在喀拉哈里沙漠 星光摄像机显示
Here, in the Kalahari, a starlight camera reveals
他们比我们想象中更懂得社交
that they may be much more sociable than many thought.
聚集在水坑旁的大量犀牛
This water-hole gathering
让我们可以感受到曾经的盛况
is an enchanting window into the past.
早期探险者说 每个灌木丛后面都躲藏着犀牛
Early explorers reported seeing a rhino behind every bush.
在枪被发明出来之前
Before the invention of the gun,
非洲大♥陆♥也许有着成千上万的犀牛
there're probably hundreds of thousands of rhinos across the continent.
在非洲保护犀牛的人们正努力确保
The people protecting rhinos in Africa are striving to ensure
我们能够
that we'll still be able to
在50年后 依然见到这番景象
witness wonderful scenes like this in 50 years' time.
在整个非洲大♥陆♥ 自然资源保护主义者已经意识到
Right across Africa, conservationists have realised
如果想拯救大型动物 现在是时候出手了
that if we want to save our big animals, then now is the time.
非洲大♥陆♥的人口
The human population of the continent
刚刚超过了十亿
has just exceeded one billion.
许多野生动物被猎杀以获取食物
And many wild animals are being hunted commercially for food.
有些捕猎合法
Some, legally,
但大部分是非法的
but many, illegally.
野生动物肉通常被当做山羊肉或牛肉销♥售♥
Wildlife meat is often sold as goat or beef.
总数十分惊人
The amount is astonishing.
非洲每年都有几百万吨♥动物被吃掉
Millions of tonnes are eaten across Africa every year.
按这种速度 有些物种将濒临灭绝
At this rate, some species are almost certainly heading for extinction.
但商业捕猎不仅影响食草动物
But commercial hunting is not just affecting the grazers.
猎物减少 捕食者也会受到影响
As the prey decreases, it's affecting the predators too.
50年前
50 years ago,
非洲大约有50万头狮子
there were about half a million lions in Africa.
如今 只剩不到3万头
Today, there are less than 30,000.
但在非洲的一个小角落
But in one particular part of Africa,
情况以一种独特的方式在慢慢好转
things are improving in a quite extraordinary way.
狩猎者们结成全新的 看似不太可能的联盟
These hunters have become part of a new and unlikely alliance.
近年来
In recent years,
饥饿的狮子捕食牲畜的现象越来越多发
hungry lions have increasingly been killing livestock.
一群传统的马萨伊人
One group of traditional Maasai
以不寻常的方式进行了回应
have reacted in a very untraditional way.
马萨伊人以放牛为生 不吃野生动物
The Maasai are cattle herders who don't eat wild animals.
但若狮子袭击牛群 他们便会反抗