BBC地球系列：非洲（2013）

But for how long?
与野生动物的的境况相似
Alongside the wildlife,
2200万人♥民♥在沙漠边缘挣扎求生
22 million people struggle to make a living on these desert margins.
有什么措施能阻止沙漠吞噬这片脆弱的土地吗
Can anything be done to stop the sand overwhelming this fragile land?
一种想法就是建立一条横跨11个国家的防护林
One idea is to build a green wall of trees across 11 countries.
该工程已经在塞内加尔开始了
The project has already started in Senegal.
但所有的大想法都有大问题
But like all big ideas, it has big problems.
联合11个国家一起行动并不简单
Getting 11 countries to work together is not easy
而且仅是灌溉这5000英里长的防护林
and simply irrigating a 5,000-mile long belt of trees
就是个极具野心的任务
is an ambitious task.
但整个非洲的人们都开始意识到
But all over Africa, people are recognising how important it is
树林应成为当地景观重要的一部分
to have trees as part of their local landscape.
这组志愿者已经种植了1亿颗树苗
This group of volunteers has planted nearly 100 million saplings.
他们同其他无数的团队和个人一样
They are just one of countless similar groups and individuals
主动承担起义务
taking it upon themselves
在这片伟大的土地上重新植树造林
to reforest their own part of this great continent.
树木对非洲大♥陆♥的未来是极为重要的
Trees are essential for the future of the continent and indeed,
对整个地球都是如此
to the rest of the planet.
这是刚果盆地
This is the Congo Basin.
眼前的森林是地球上最重要的生态场所之一
It's one of the most biologically important forests on Earth
不仅是因为
and it's not just because of
聚集在这里的众多动植物
the concentration of plants and animals that live here.
也因为它是地球上
It's because it's also one of
天气变化的源动力之一
the powerhouses behind the planet's wind and rain.
1公顷森林每年能蒸发
Each hectare of trees releases, as vapour,
将近19万公升水分
almost 190,000 litres of water a year.
水分散布到大气中
This water passes into the atmosphere
被输送到世界各地
to be transported around the entire globe.
那意味着地球天气的心脏
That means the heart of the world's weather
位于热带森林中
lies in tropical forests.
不幸的是 欧洲和中国正贪得无厌地
Unfortunately, there's an almost insatiable demand in Europe and China
从这片森林里索取木材
for hardwood from these very forests.
那产生了巨大的影响
And that is having an enormous impact.
随着越来越多热带雨林倒下
As more tropical forest is felled,
一些科学家发现了其与
some scientists are seeing a correlation
欧洲和美国的暴风雨天气模式改变间的关联
with changing storm patterns across Europe and America.
那种改变有可能变得更为极端
And it's likely to become more extreme.
惊人的是 50%刚果盆地里的森林
Staggeringly, 50% of the Congo Basin forest
已被分配为砍伐区域
has been allocated for logging.
非洲森林的未来与我们息息相关
The future of Africa's forest has never been more critical for us all.
但全球变暖的后果不仅局限于陆地
But the consequences of global warming aren't limited to the land.
非洲几乎完全被海洋包围着
Africa is almost completely surrounded by oceans.
在这片东海岸 动物们已经
Here on the east coast, there are animals
感受到了气候的惊人变化
feeling the changing climate in a most surprising way.
这是一只年轻的雌海龟
This is a young female green turtle.
在她的一生中 她将在海洋里
During her lifetime, she will travel thousands of miles
横穿几千英里去寻觅食物
through the ocean looking for food.
海龟回到孵化它们的沙滩
Turtles return to the same beach which they hatched
产下海龟蛋
to lay their own eggs.
海龟蛋埋在沙砾中
The eggs are buried in the sand
大概两个月后幼龟破壳而出
and the hatchlings will emerge after about two months.
但海龟蛋有个奇怪的特点
But there's a strange thing about turtle eggs.
那就是海龟蛋所处地的温度
And that is the temperature at which the eggs are kept
会决定大多数幼龟的性别
will determine the sex of most of the hatchlings.
如果沙滩温度高 就是雌龟
If the sand temperature is high, they will be female,
温度低 就是雄龟
if it's low, they will be male.
因此全球变暖对海龟数量有着关键影响
So global warming could have a crucial effect on turtle populations.
这只年轻的雌龟在未来几年
And this young female may find it very difficult in years to come
将难以找到雄龟和她交♥配♥
to find a male with which to mate.
但当地的保护团体认识到
But a local conservation group recognised
那些小海龟的存活几率在上升
that the odds are stacking up against these little turtles.
他们对气候变化无能为力
There's not much they can do about climate change,
但他们和当地渔民合力
but they have got together with the local fishermen
努力提升海龟的存活率
to try and improve the turtles' chances of survival.
每只海龟都很重要
Every turtle counts.
所以每次发现受伤或意外困在渔网里的海龟
So, each time one is found injured or accidentally caught in the nets,
渔民都会送到卡辛迪·昌加瓦和他的团队那里
it's brought to Kahindi Changawa and his team.
起初只有16名渔民
So we began with only 16 fishermen
那是在1998年
altogether in 1998.
现在有数百个渔民和我们合作
Now we have hundreds of fishermen working with us.
食草的海龟对保持海草床健康必不可少
Grazing by turtles is essential for the health of the beds of seagrass
那里也是海虾和龙虾的家
and these are the home of shrimps and lobsters
当然对渔民也是有益的
and that, of course, helps fishermen too.
该项目设有海龟康复中心
The project has a turtle rehabilitation centre
过去两年间 这里就是希娜的家
and for the last two years, it's become home to Shella.
她遭遇了意外 一艘船撞上了她的背
She had an accident with a boat. It was a hit from behind.
她断了三根肋骨 脊柱重伤
She lost three ribs and her spine was damaged.
现在我们正全面治疗她的背伤
It's now in the process of healing back together.
希娜的伤影响了她的浮性
Shella's injuries have affected her buoyancy.
她恢复良好
She's healed well
为鼓励她正确使用鳍
and to encourage her to exercise her flippers properly,
她每天都会被带到海边
she has, every day, a little trip to the seaside.
我们通常每天都带希娜洗海水浴
We usually take Shella for a sea bath on a daily basis,
那样做的原因在于
and the reason for doing that
给她足够的锻炼空间
is to give her enough room to get exercises.
她可以吃原来的食物
She gets an opportunity to eat her natural food.
我们认为那能让她保持健康 而且
We believe it keeps her fit and the other thing is,
她可以经常使用后鳍了
she gets to use her rear flippers quite often.
对卡辛迪来说 这是他努力的回报之一
For Kahindi, it's one of the rewards for all his hard work.
那过程♥真♥的很享受
It's really really enjoyable.
很少有人有我这样的特权
Very few people have the privilege like I do
和海龟愉快地畅游
of swimming with the turtles and having that fun.
我很享受我的工作
I do enjoy what I'm doing.
希娜的确变强壮了 但有朝一日
Shella certainly did get stronger, but the hope that some day
希望她能回归大海的愿望并未能实现
she might swim out in the open was not to be fulfilled.
她不知为何变得越来越虚弱 最后死去
Unaccountably, she become weaker and eventually died.
这种工作挫折无可避免
This kind of work will inevitably have setbacks.
但总有新海龟需要照顾
But there are always new turtles to be cared for.
-她还健康吗 -对 这只很健康
- Is she healthy? - Yeah, this one is healthy.
她有些擦伤 可能是渔具造成的
She has some few bruises, could be from the fishing gear.
像是这里
Like these ones here.
对 但除此以外很健康
Oh, yeah, but otherwise healthy.
除此之外这头海龟都很健康
Otherwise the turtle's healthy.
我们该把她放生吗
Shall we have a go?
1998年至今 我们放生了超过8200只海龟
Since 1998 till now, we've released over 8,200 turtles.
那让我自豪骄傲
It makes me feel proud and privileged,
我们和社会一起做了大量努力
we've done lots of work with the community and
改变了人们的态度和行为
changing the attitudes and their behaviours and everything.
作为一个组织 我想我们是成功的
I guess our job as an organisation was really successful.
像那样的年轻海龟
A young turtle like that
一生可以产下6000到7000枚蛋
could lay 6,000-7,000 eggs in her lifetime.
所以救活一只海龟的后续影响也是巨大的
So, the survival of just one could have huge consequences.
救活一只海龟需要巨大努力
Saving just one individual requires huge effort
拯救一个物种则需要更多
and of course, saving a species requires even more.
但这些艰苦的努力
But these heroic efforts
只能解决局部问题
are only ever going to be a partial solution.
每一种动物都是大生态系统的一部分
Every individual animal is part of a much bigger story,
互相纠缠的植物和动物网
part of an interconnected web of plants, animals
及地理环境构成了完整的生态系统
and the landscape itself that make up an entire ecosystem.
拯救整个生态系统决定着非洲野生生物的未来
Saving ecosystems is the key to Africa's wild future.
莫桑比克的戈龙戈萨是当代的侏罗纪公园
Gorongosa in Mozambique is a modern day Jurassic Park.
那里的统治者是世界上最大的鳄鱼
It's ruled by some of the world's biggest crocodiles.
有些鳄鱼体长达6米
Some of these monsters are six metres long
年龄近50岁
and close to 50 years old.
然而他们成功躲过了延续近20年
Somehow they managed to escape a civil war lasting nearly 20 years,
横扫戈龙戈萨的内战
which swept through Gorongosa.
95%的其他大型动物都被消灭
95% of all the other large animals were wiped out.
但50年前 情况大不相同
But 50 years ago, the scene was very different.
这里是旅游圣地 野生动物的天堂
This was a thriving tourist attraction. A wild paradise.
游客从世界各地蜂拥而来
Visitors flocked from around the world,
被种类和数量繁多的野生动物深深吸引