BBC地球系列：非洲（2013）

nutrients carried from Africa's interior
带来勃勃的生机
fuel an explosion of life.
一种稀有的海洋生物统治着这里
A rare oceanic hunter rules here.
巨型无鳔石首鱼
Giant Kingfish.
他们的体型和重量与人类相差无几
As big as a man, and weight for weight,
是此片海域中最有威力的鱼类之一
one of the most powerful fish in the sea.
尽管体型巨大 他们在捕猎时却十分灵活
Despite their size, they're extraordinarily agile when hunting.
通常无鳔石首鱼属于独居鱼类
Normally kingfish are solitary,
但一年之中也有几周
but for just a few weeks each year,
他们会聚集在像巴扎鲁托这样的海域
they gather at places like Bazaruto
准备展开一场奇特的旅行
and prepare for an extraordinary journey.
他们将进入内陆水域
One that will take them far inland.
西开普河
The Mtentu River.
鱼群在首领的带领下逆流而上
A king of kingfish leads them upstream.
他们一进入淡水流域
As they travel further into fresh water,
就从凶恶的捕食者变成了虔诚的朝圣者
they seem to change from aggressive hunters into dedicated pilgrims.
现在 家乡已在数英里之外
Now, many miles from their natural home,
或许是收到某种未知的信♥号♥♥
and in response to an unknown cue,
他们停下来开始围成一圈
they stop and begin to circle.
其他海洋鱼类逆流而上
Other marine fish that migrate upriver
通常是为了繁殖后代
usually do so in order to breed,
但没有迹象表明无鳔石首鱼在淡水河中产卵
but there's no evidence that these kingfish spawn up here.
他们也不是来捕食的
Neither do they hunt.
他们究竟在干什么
So what are they doing?
事实上这种怪异行为的目的至今不为人知
In truth, the purpose of this strange behaviour is still unknown.
几个星期之后
Within a few weeks,
他们会沿着来路返回大海
they will retrace their journey back to the ocean.
无鳔石首鱼的生活
The lives of kingfish,
与海龟 蝴蝶和鹈鹕一样
like those of turtles and butterflies and pelicans,
都受到厄加勒斯洋流的影响
are influenced by the Agulhas Current.
但洋流的影响也只能到此为止
But that influence can only reach so far.
原因就在此
And this is why.
德拉肯斯山脉
The Drakensberg mountains.
在这里 当地人说秃鹰能飞抵长空
Here, local people say that the vultures soar so high,
可以看穿未来
they can see into the future.
那些陡峭的山崖 高耸3000多米
These sheer cliffs, rising to over 3,000 metres,
挡住了前进的雨云
hold back the advancing rain clouds
导致山脉之后的土地干旱缺水
and, as a result, the land beyond them is starved of water.
此地是世界上最广阔的沙漠
This is the greatest expanse of sand in the world.
一望无际的沙漠
A seemingly-endless desert
正是辽阔干旱的南非内陆
that is the vast parched centre of Southern Africa.
往西数千公里
Thousands of miles to the west,
直到大西洋沿岸
where this desert meets the Atlantic Ocean,
另一股洋流占了上风
another current prevails.
但冲刷着非洲西部的本格拉洋流
But the Benguela Current, surging up the west side of Africa,
有着完全不同的特性
has a very different character.
它非常寒冷 富含养分
It's extremely cold, full of nutrients
聚集着众多生物
and it's thronged with life.
一头大白鲨
A great white shark.
他们能够提高自己的体温
They can raise their body temperature
达到比周围的海水高10摄氏度
to 10 degrees above that of the surrounding sea.
但这需要庞大的能量补给
But doing so requires an enormous amount of high-grade fuel.
这就成了他们的补给站
So this is a great bonanza for them -
一头鲸鱼的尸体
the body of a dead whale.
尸体会引来几英里内所有的大白鲨
The carcass will draw in every great white for miles around.
而在开普敦附近 鲨鱼非常之多
And here, off Cape Town, that means a lot of sharks.
鲨鱼们没有蜂拥而上
Instead of feeding in a frenzy,
反而很遵守进食礼仪
these sharks have rather refined table manners.
他们擦身而游 估算对方的身量
They swim side-by-side to get the measure of each other.
然后按序进食
Then each takes its turn.
眼前的雌鲨体型最大 所以她先开动
This female is the biggest, so she eats first.
下一头要等到她吃饱离开才能下嘴
The next only feeds when she gives way.
本格拉洋流的水质营养丰富
The waters of the Benguela are so rich,
其中生存的大白鲨数量
they support more great white sharks
比地球上其他海洋中都多
than any other seas on the planet.
而因为海水的低温
And they are so cold,
一些意想不到的动物被吸引到了非洲海岸
they attract some surprising creatures to these African shores.
企鹅
Penguins.
非洲企鹅
African penguins.
这只雌企鹅正要回去顶替她伴侣的工作
This female is returning to relieve her partner.
虽然这里没有冰层
Of course there's no ice here,
可这些岩石和冰一样滑
but these rocks can be almost as slippery.
但比起在岩石上滑倒
But there are more serious obstacles
还有更严峻的障碍等着他们
than the slippery rocks awaiting them.
轮到他去进食
It's his turn to feed,
他留下妻子照看他们的蛋
so he leaves her to look after their eggs.
现在她必须解决一个
Now she must tackle a problem
其他种类的企鹅都不曾遇过的问题
faced by no other kind of penguin.
在未来的10天内 她得保护她的蛋
For the next 10 days, she must protect her eggs
不受非洲烈日的伤害
from the African sun.
厚实的羽毛外皮
A dense coat of feathers
在冰冷的海水中能保暖
that keeps her warm in cold seas
现在却捂得她发晕
now stifles her.
在这些被曝晒的岩石上
On these exposed rocks,
她要为她的蛋遮荫 而不是保暖
she must shade her eggs instead of keeping them warm.
这里的一切似乎都是背道而驰
Everything here seems the wrong way round.
对一些企鹅来说 蹿升的温度实在难以忍♥受
For some, the soaring temperature is too much.
一位邻居遗弃了自己的巢穴
A neighbour deserts his nest.
他的蛋必死无疑
His egg will not survive.
他不是唯一一只放弃的企鹅
He's not the only one to give up.
有些年份 没有一只雏鸟能孵化出来
Some years, not a single chick is reared.
企鹅能够适应
Penguins are adapted to withstand
零下40度的低温
temperatures of 40 degrees below zero,
零上40度却不行
not 40 degrees above.
在一天中最热的时候 最糟糕的时间
Now, at the hottest part of the day, the very worst time,
她的孩子要出生了
her chicks are hatching.
在他们最需要她照顾的时候
Just when they need her most,
她却到了忍♥耐的极限
she's reaching the limit of her endurance.
连续10天出海捕鱼之后
After 10 days of intensive fishing,
雄企鹅回家接手孵蛋任务
the chicks' father comes back to take his turn at the nest.
但他是不是迟了点
But will he be too late?
他第一次跟他的孩子们打了招呼
He greets his young for the very first time.
凉爽的本格拉洋流将企鹅带到了这里
The coolness of the Benguela Current brought the penguins here
但那凉气其实很不利
but that very coolness is a great disadvantage,
因为它会产生很少的雨
because it generates little rain.
然而 水分将以另一种形成呈现
It can, however, produce moisture in a different form.
一团厚实的云雾从海面飘来
A thick blanket of fog rolls in from the sea
在这片干渴的土地上凝结成水
and condenses on this thirsty land.
因此每年
And each year,
这片沙漠都会绽放出五彩绚丽的花朵
the desert bursts into life with a dazzling display.
极其稀少的水源使绽放期无法持续很久
Water is so scarce that this show will not last long,
因此花朵需要用艳丽的色彩吸引授粉的昆虫
so plants compete to attract their pollinators with colour.
在纳马夸兰地区
Here in Namaqualand,
600英里长的海岸沙漠长廊
a 600-mile strip of coastal desert
变成了花海
becomes carpeted with blooms.
纳马夸雏菊在晨光中开放
The morning sun opens a Namaqua daisy,
暴露了一只在里面沉睡的雄性金龟子
and reveals a male monkey beetle asleep inside.
这里的夜晚很寒冷 迫使金龟子
Nights here are so cold that monkey beetles shelter within
躲入合起的雏菊花瓣内
the closed-up petals of the daisies.
这种习惯令双方都互利
The habit brings benefits to both sides.
甲虫可以保暖 而雏菊也能被授粉
The beetle is kept warm and the flower gets pollinated.
但这只甲虫有个迫切的任务
But now the beetle has urgent business.
他需要找个配偶
He must find a mate.
他飞过一朵又一朵鲜花 逐个寻找
As he searches, he hops from bloom to bloom,
逐一授粉
pollinating each in turn.
终于 他发现了一只潜在配偶
At last he spots a potential mate.
金龟公主
A golden princess.
但好像有麻烦了
But here comes trouble.
有个竞争者
A rival.
没时间做自我介绍了
There's no time for introductions.
可是 他动作也太慢了