宇宙时空之旅（2014）

Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey S01E10

Part 2 April 25, 2021, 12:41 p.m.

Uh, the experiment is ready for you now, sir.
安培:安德烈-马里·安培法国化学家物理学家数学家
杜隆:皮埃尔·路易·杜隆法国化学家
安培告诉我可怜的杜隆为做这个实验
Ampere tells me that poor Dulong lost an eye
事实上是两根原文有误
失去了一只眼睛三根手指
and three fingers working with this.
我的眼睛
My eyes!
我的眼睛
My eyes!
这位世界著名的科学家汉弗里·戴维
When a chemical experiment blew up in the face
在一次化学实验时炸伤了面部
of the world-renowned scientist Humphry Davy,
他想到了迈克尔·法拉第
he remembered Michael Faraday,
这个曾不辞辛劳将自己的讲座
the lad who had gone through such lengths
记录下来并装订成书的年轻人
to copy down and bind the transcript of his lecture.
你的记忆力是一流的年轻人
You have a first-rate memory, young man.
我现在需要一个临时秘书
And I shall have temporary need of a secretary.
先生为科学服务是我的梦想
Sir, I dream of a life in service to science.
我倒是劝你好好做书籍装订就行了
I would advise you to stick to the bookbinding.
科学是一位苛刻的情人
Science is a harsh mistress.
毫无疑问仅凭你的地位和能力
Surely, a person of your station and modest means
只能去经商了
must have a trade.
经商是险恶和自私的
Trade is vicious and selfish.
为科学献身的人才是可敬的
Men of science are amiable
道德崇高的
and morally superior.
我想我是你遇到的第一个
I take it I'm the first man of science
为科学献身的人吧
you've ever met.
法拉第成了戴维不可或缺的助手
Faraday made himself indispensable to Davy.
临时工作成了固定的职业
The temporary job became a permanent one,
皇家研究院成了他一生的家
and the Royal Institution became his lifelong home.
白天他是戴维的实验室助手
By day, he assisted Davy in the lab,
下班后他爬上楼梯
at day's end, he climbed the stairs
回到自己的小屋
to the little apartment
心爱的新娘撒拉在家等着他
where his beloved bride Sarah was waiting.
汉弗里·戴维和化学家威廉·沃勒斯顿
Humphry Davy and the chemist William Wollaston
正在研究一种神秘的现象
were experimenting with a mysterious phenomenon,
一种可能有着深远意义的现象
one with potentially far-reaching implications.
汉斯·奥斯特丹麦物理学家化学家和文学家
这就是和奥斯特一样的实验设置
This is the identical setup to Orsted's.
现在闭合开关戴维仔细观察
Now close the circuit, Davy, and watch closely.
是什么使指针偏离电线的呢
What could be driving the needle away from the wire?
如果我知道就好了
Damned if I know.
似乎是电流
But it's as if the electric current
使电线变得像磁铁一样
makes the wire behave like some kind of magnet.
电和磁一定有着某种关系
Electricity must have something to do with magnetism.
如果我们能让它持续不断转动的话
Now if we could only get it to turn continuously,
如果我们能用这些力来工作的话
imagine what might be accomplished
将是多么伟大的成就
if we could put these forces to work.
先收拾一下吧法拉第
After you've tidied up, Faraday,
然后看看你能用它做点什么
you might see what you can make of it.
听起来戴维只是在跟自己
Davy may have been having a bit of fun
年轻的助手开玩笑
at the expense of his young assistant,
但是法拉第却当真了
but Faraday was on fire.
到现在为止电还只不过是用来
Up to now, electricity had been nothing more
供人娱乐的新奇玩具而已
than an entertaining novelty toy.
它能一瞬间发出闪光
It could make a light flash for an instant
或是使指南针暂时发生偏转
or turn a compass needle briefly,
但却没有任何实际应用
but it had no practical application.
法拉第立即着手设计实验
Faraday immediately set about designing the experiment,
把自己的空余时间都花在了这个问题上
devoting every moment of his spare time to the problem.
如果法拉第成功了
If Faraday succeeded,
他就能使这只由数不胜数的不可见的
he would be putting an infinitely large, invisible,
尚未被发现的电子所组成的军队
and as-yet-undiscovered army of electrons
为人类所驱使
at the command of human whim.
这样一场革命是如何开始的呢
How does a revolution begin?
有时你并不需要大动干戈
Sometimes it doesn't take much.
只需一块金属一碗水银
A piece of metal, a bowl of mercury,
一些软木塞
a bit of cork.
亲爱的撒拉快叫你弟弟下来
Sarah dear, send your little brother down.
我要实验些新东西了
I'm about to try something new,
我想让他看看
and I want him to see it.
你来开吧乔第
Why don't you do the honors, Georgie.
动起来啦
There she goes.
动起来啦
There she goes!
这就是第一台电动机
This was the first motor
把电流转化成连续的机械运动
converting electric current into continuous mechanical motion.
看起来很简陋对吧
Looks pretty feeble, right?
但这根转动的轴
But that turning spindle
却是一场革命的开始
is the beginning of a revolution,
这场革命
one that dwarfs all the shots fired
对于人类文明影响之大
and bombs ever detonated
远超所有技术革新的之总和
in the sheer magnitude of its effect on our civilization.
试想一下所有的商业
Try to imagine all the businesses,
工业技术
industries, technologies,
以及我们生活方式的变革
transformations of the way we live
都起始于迈克尔·法拉第
that have their beginnings in that ecstatic moment
在实验室中那令人陶醉的一刻
in Michael Faraday's laboratory.
法拉第的发明很快传开了
News of Faraday's invention spread quickly,
突然之间戴维的助手成了伦敦的大红人
and suddenly, Davy's assistant was the toast of London.
戴维心里很不是滋味
Davy didn't take it well.
毕竟他发现了那许多的化学元素
He had, after all, discovered all those elements.
而现在人们却说他最大的发现
Now people were saying that his greatest discovery
是迈克尔·法拉第
was Michael Faraday.
戴维不想让法拉第
Davy made sure that Faraday
再抢去他的风头
wouldn't be making any more headlines anytime soon.
您叫我吗先生
You sent for me, sir?
我给你一项新的挑战
I have a new challenge for you.
我想让你去接管
I want you to take over our efforts
改进英国光学玻璃质量的任务
to improve the quality of British optical glass.
那些可恶的巴伐利亚人
Those damned Bavarians
正在向我们炫耀呢
are running circles around us.
玻璃
Glass?
恕我直言先生
With all due respect, sir,
我对玻璃制♥造♥一窍不通啊
I know nothing at all of glass-making.
那你从头学起吧法拉第
Then you will learn, Faraday.
我们都知道你可是学得很快的
We all know what a quick study you are.
只需分♥析♥一下他们玻璃的化学成分
Just analyze the chemical composition of their glass
反过来就知道他们是如何制♥造♥玻璃的了
and work backwards to see how they made it.
应该不会花费你太多时间的
It shouldn't take you long.
然而法拉第努力研究了四年
But Faraday struggled for four years
却一无所获
without any success.
这批玻璃更糟糕了
This is even worse than the last batch.
不管他如何努力尝试
No matter how hard he tried,
法拉第还是无法参透约瑟夫·夫琅和费
Faraday could not figure out what Joseph Fraunhofer
数年前的这项发明
had discovered years before.
法拉第未能领悟的是
What Faraday failed to grasp
铸造望远镜用的完美光学玻璃
was that casting perfect optical glass for telescopes
是一门科学也是一项技术
was a craft as well as a science,
巴伐利亚的工匠大♥师♥们对其秘而不宣
and the masters in Bavaria kept their secrets under lock and key.
法拉第当然无法获取他们的秘密
Faraday never did learn their secret.
他保留了一块玻璃砖
He kept a single glass brick
作为这次失败的纪念品
as a souvenir of this failure.
数年之后它会改变法拉第的人生轨迹
Years later, it would change the course of his life...
以及我们的
and ours.
戴维的离世为这项毫无建树的工作划上了句号♥
Davy's death finally brought an end to this fruitless project,
法拉第这个来自贫民窟的小男孩
and Faraday, the boy from the slums,
成为了继任的实验室主管
succeeded him as Director of the Laboratory.
法拉第利用他的新权威
Faraday used his new authority
开办了一系列史无前例的
to do something unprecedented--
专为青少年举办的年度圣诞科学讲座
a series of annual Christmas lectures on science for the young...
从1825年开始
beginning in 1825
延续至今
and continuing to this day.
1855年迈克尔·法拉第《常见金属的独特性质》
1900年罗伯特·斯德威尔·鲍尔《自然之书的伟大篇章》
1937年朱利安·赫胥黎《稀有动物和野生动物的消失》
196♥4♥年德斯蒙德·莫利斯《动物行为》
1973年大卫·阿滕伯勒《动物语言》