宇宙时空之旅（2014）

Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey S01E03

Part 3 April 25, 2021, 12:39 p.m.

Hooke also improved the telescope.
他描绘了观测过的天体
The drawings he made of the astronomical bodies he observed
证明了他不可思议的精准度
attest to his uncanny precision.
1666年的大火毁掉了伦敦市中心之后
After the Great Fire destroyed central London in 1666,
胡克和建筑设计师克里斯多佛·雷恩合作
Hooke partnered with the architect Christopher Wren
重新设计并重建了这座城市
to redesign and rebuild the city.
胡克是当时最先进的实验主义者
Hooke was the foremost experimentalist of his age.
利用螺旋弹簧
Using coiled springs,
他推导出了"弹性定律"
he derived the "Law of elasticity,"
也就是今天的"胡克定律"
known today as Hooke's Law.
他完善了空气泵
He perfected the air pump,
在当时是尖端技术
the height of technology in its time,
并且用它对呼吸和声音做了实验
and used it to experiment on respiration and sound.
他还用大♥麻♥做了实验
And he experimented with cannabis.
他向皇家学会汇报
He reported to a meeting of the Royal Society
他有一个船长朋友
that a sea captain friend of his
"经常用印度大♥麻♥做实验
quote "Had so often experimented with it,
不会产生任何恐惧
that there is no cause of fear,
只有可能让人♥大♥笑"
though possibly there may be of laughter."
咖啡在17世纪成为英国最时髦的饮品
But coffee was the drug of choice for England in the 17th century.
伦敦的咖啡屋像雨后春笋一样冒出来
Coffeehouses sprang up all over London.
人们从这里打探消息
This is where people came to get news,
开启新的冒险思维碰撞
to launch new ventures, and to debate ideas.
在阶级森严的社会中
The coffeehouse was an oasis of equality
咖啡屋是平等思想的绿洲
in a class-obsessed society.
在这里穷♥人♥不必给富人让座
Here, a poor man needn't give up his seat to a rich man,
也不必屈从于富人的想法
nor submit to his opinion.
这就像是民♥主♥的实验室
It was a kind of laboratory of democracy.
在这充满了咖♥啡♥因♥的氛围下
In this highly caffeinated atmosphere,
哈雷和胡克与克里斯多佛·雷恩一起
Halley and Hooke met Christopher Wren
讨论了一个难解的谜团
to discuss a deep mystery.
为什么行星会这样运动
Why do the planets move as they do?
大约在80年之前
The astronomer Johannes Kepler had demonstrated,
天文学家约翰内斯·开普勒
some 80 years before,
证明了行星绕太阳运行的轨道
that the orbits of the planets around the Sun
并不是正圆而是椭圆
were not perfect circles, but actually ellipses,
而且行星越靠近太阳
and that the closer a planet was to the Sun,
它转得越快
the faster it moved.
为什么
Why?
有没有可能是来自太阳的某种隐形力
Could some invisible force from the Sun
造成了行星运行的改变
be responsible for this change in motion?
如果正是如此那么原理何在
If so, how did it work?
有没有简单的数学法则可以解释这一切
Could there be a simple mathematical law to describe it?
就像胡克的弹性定律那样
Maybe something like Hooke's Law of Elasticity?
或许吧
Perhaps.
尽管做了许多尝试
But try as he might,
克里斯多佛·雷恩还是没弄明白
Christopher Wren couldn't figure it out.
不亲自试试我是不会甘心的
Damned if I haven't tried.
但我已经技穷了
It's beyond me.
我愿意和解出这个谜题的人
I'll wager a book worth 40 shillings
赌一本价值40先令的书
to the man who can solve it!
看来那本书是我的啦雷恩先生
That book is mine, Mr. Wren.
我已经计算出来了
I've already done the calculation.
哈雷很高兴
Halley was delighted.
请演算给我们看胡克先生
Show us, Mr. Hooke.
可是数月之后胡克也没拿出结果
But months passed, and Hooke failed to deliver.
他给不出数学证明
He couldn't do the math.
谁也解不出来
None of them could.
最终哈雷受够了胡克的各种理由
Finally, Halley had enough of Hooke's excuses.
但他知道某处的某人可以接受这一挑战
Halley knew there must be someone, somewhere, up to the challenge.
不知道那位剑桥的数学家怎么样
What about that mathematician at Cambridge?
聪明的家伙
Clever fellow.
多年前他就解决了关于光本质的问题
He had solved central questions about the nature of light years before,
那时他才只有22岁
when he was still only 22.
他还发明了反射式望远镜
And he invented the reflecting telescope.
那个怪才
Odd bird.
后来淡出了人们的视野
Dropped out of sight a while back.
因为胡克和他对于光的发现产生了争论
Some squabble over Hooke and his discovery about light.
他被伤害得体无完肤
Went completely to pieces over it
从那以后就躲回了剑桥
and has been hiding out in Cambridge ever since.
哈雷想知道这个据说既奇怪又偏执的男人
Halley wondered if this strange, and by all accounts,
是否有可能成功解决这个
exceedingly difficult man, might succeed
胡克和其他人都没能解决的问题
where Hooke and others had failed.
他不知道的是
What he couldn't know,
那时的人们根本没有想到
what no one could possibly imagine at the time,
1684年8月的这次会面
were the countless ways the world would be forever changed
创造出了无限可能永远改变了这个世界
by this meeting on an August day in 1684.
艾萨克·牛顿于16♥4♥2年圣诞节
Isaac Newton was born in England
出生于英格兰
on Christmas Day in 16♥4♥2.
他的父亲在他出生前就已去世了
Before he even opened his eyes, his father was already dead.
母亲在他3岁的时候离开了他
His mother left him when he was only three
直到11岁时才回到他身边
and did not return until he was 11.
回来时已有了一个新的家庭和新的丈夫
When she did, it was with a new family and husband,
艾萨克·牛顿看不起这个继父
a stepfather who Isaac Newton despised.
牛顿在痛苦家庭生活中唯一的解脱
Newton's refuge from his miserable family life
就是他对于万物运作规律的热情
was his passion to understand how things worked,
尤其是自然运作的规律
especially nature itself.
1661年天赋异禀的艾萨克考入了
In 1661, the talented young Isaac entered Trinity College
剑桥大学三一学院
at Cambridge University
在那里他成了一个问题学生
where he was a consistently lousy student,
没有朋友也没有挚爱的家人
one without friends or a loving family
能给予他任何温暖和鼓励
to provide any warmth or encouragement.
牛顿常常一个人躲在房♥间里
Newton mostly kept to himself, sequestered in his room,
学习古希腊先哲的思想结晶
studying ancient Greek philosophers,
还有几何学和各种语言
geometry and languages,
他默默地思考着
and pondering deep questions
物质空间时间和运动的本质
on the nature of matter, space, time, and motion.
这位崭露头角的科学家
This budding scientist
还是一位热忱的神秘主义者
was also a passionate mystic.
牛顿深信一种叫做炼金术的秘术
Newton believed that a secret knowledge called alchemy,
这种秘术只为少数古代先哲们所知晓
known only to a small group of ancient philosophers,
他坚信这一秘术将重现光芒
was waiting to be rediscovered.
他想要学会怎样将一般金属
He hoped to learn how to change ordinary metals
变成金银
into silver and gold,
甚至炼出仙丹
and maybe even cook up the elixir of life,
找到长生不老的秘诀
the key to to immortality.
他同样痴迷于
He was also obsessed
从《圣经》的文字中发现隐藏的奥义
with finding hidden messages in the words of the Bible.
他钻研了几种不同语言的译本
He combed through translations in several different languages,
想要破译上帝隐含其中的旨意
hoping to decipher coded instructions from God.
他煞费苦心地做了许多工作
He made elaborate calculations in an effort
想要计算出耶稣复临的具体日期
to discover the date of the Second Coming.
他穷其一生所研究的炼金术
His lifelong research in alchemy
和圣经年表并未取得任何成就
and biblical chronology never led anywhere.
在哈雷找到牛顿的命运之日
When Halley found Newton that fateful day,
他还在过着隐士般的生活
he was living as a virtual recluse.
牛顿早在13年前就与世隔绝
Newton had gone into hiding 13 years earlier,
因为罗伯特·胡克公然指责牛顿
after Robert Hooke had publicly accused Newton
窃取了他对光和色彩的开创性研究
of stealing his groundbreaking work on light and color.
但事实上解开光谱之谜的
In fact, it was Isaac Newton
正是艾萨克·牛顿
who solved the mystery of the spectrum of light,
而并非罗伯特·胡克
not Robert Hooke.
那段经历深深地伤害了他
This wound was painful and deep,
从那以后牛顿决心再也不让自己
and Newton resolved to never expose himself to that kind
受到那样的当众羞辱
of public humiliation ever again.
先生您还记得我们几年前的那次会面吧
Sir, I don't suppose you recall our meeting a few years ago?
是的哈雷先生
Yes, Mr. Halley.
很抱歉打扰您
I'm sorry to bother you.
不要在意这些礼节了有话请直说吧
Never mind the formalities, get to your point.
我和我们的朋友雷恩和胡克先生谈过了
I've been talking with our friends, Mr. Wren and Mr. Hooke.
那个恶棍胡克才不是我的朋友