宇宙时空之旅（2014）

Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey S01E06

Part 6 April 25, 2021, 12:40 p.m.

晨曦可以射入圣殿
could only enter the sanctuary on two days every year.
光线射入神庙
As the rays enter the temple,
先将神灵的雕像照得金光闪闪
they burnish the statues of the gods with their golden light
然后进入圣殿
before penetrating the sanctuary.
即便那时仍有一位神灵不会被照射到
Even then, one God remains in shadow.
卜塔万物之主
Ptah, lord of creation,
仿佛宇宙的诞生必须永远被隐藏
as if the origin of the universe must forever be concealed.
感受一下你脸上的阳光
Feel the Sun on your face.
温暖你的那股能量
The energy that warms you
大约一千万年前
began its journey some ten million years ago
就已经从太阳中心出发了
in the heart of the Sun.
不像中微子
Unlike neutrinos,
光子从中心到达表面
the photons needed that long to work their way out
需要这么长时间
from the core to the surface.
为什么
Why?
因为它们每秒钟就要和太阳的原子
Because they were colliding billions of times per second
撞击数十亿次
with the Sun's atoms,
每次撞击都会让它们随机地改变方向
every collision sending them off in a random direction.
但它们一旦到达表面
But once they finally reached the surface,
它们得以以光速飞奔不停歇
they were free to dash nonstop, at the speed of light,
从太阳到达你这里
in a mere eight minutes and 20 seconds
只需八分钟二十秒
from the Sun to you.
一千万岁的阳光照在你脸上
Ten-million-year-old light on your face.
当阳光离开太阳中心时
What was happening
发生了什么
when that light left the heart of the Sun?
宇宙年历把整整一百三十八亿年的宇宙历史
The cosmic calendar compresses the entire 13.8 billion year
压缩到一年之内
history of the universe into a single year.
每个月份相当于十亿年
Every month represents about a billion years.
每天相当于四千万年
Every day, about 40 million years.
宇宙的历史很悠久一千万年前
The universe is so old that, on the cosmic calendar,
在宇宙年历上也仅仅是
ten million years ago only takes us back as far as...
这一年最后一天的
6:00 P.M. On the last evening
晚上六点
of the last day of the year.
那我们呢
And what about us?
那时候还没进化出人类
Humans had yet to evolve.
一千万年前
Ten million years ago,
我们的祖先还是类人猿
our ancestors were anthropoid apes,
在非洲的丛林中穿行
swinging through the trees of Africa.
对我们而言一千万年看似很长
To us, ten million years seems like a long time,
但在宇宙的时间比例尺上
but it's only the length of an afternoon
只不过相当于一个下午
on the timescale of the cosmos.
太阳从45亿年前开始氢聚变
The Sun began fusing hydrogen 4,500 million years ago...
在宇宙年历上是八月三十一号♥
August 31 on the cosmic calendar.
我们的银河系大概存在一百亿年
Our milky way galaxy is about 10,000 million years old.
最早的星系比它诞生早几十亿年
The first galaxies formed about a few billion years earlier.
有一样东西阻止我继续向前追溯
And something keeps me from going any further back in time.
是什么呢
What is this?
是光和时间的本质
It's the nature of light and time.
由于光的速度有限
Because light travels at a finite speed,
我们所看到的宇宙都是过去的光
to look across space is to look back in time.
我们看得越远
So the farther we see,
光就越古老
the older the light.
我们能用光看到的宇宙历史
This is as far back in the history of the cosmos
也只能追溯到这么远了
as we can see with light.
这是宇宙刚诞生的样子
It's a baby picture of universe,
只有三十八万岁
when it was only 380,000 years old.
宇宙年历上一月一号♥刚过十五分钟
That's 15 minutes into January 1st on the cosmic calendar.
用微波望远镜
If we look as far as we can see in any direction
向各个方向极目远眺
using microwave telescopes,
就会看到这个景象
this is what we see,
大爆♥炸♥遗留的光晕
the glow left over from the Big Bang.
试想可见宇宙的所有物质和能量
Imagine that all the matter and energy of the observable universe
都集中在不超过这么大的空间里
was concentrated into something no larger than this.
试想当宇宙只有
That's the size of the universe
一万亿亿亿分之一秒时
when it was a trillionth of a trillionth
它的体积只有这么大
of a trillionth of a second old.
如今已分散在相距数十亿光年远的
All the matter and energy of the hundred billion galaxies
千亿个星系的所有物质和能量
now splayed out across the billions of light-years
曾经都蕴结在
were once pent up
一个弹珠大小的空间里
in something the size of a marble.
你能想象这个弹珠密度有多大吗
Can you imagine how tightly packed that marble must have been?
密度大得任何光都不能穿过
Far too dense for any kind of light to move through it,
但也无法阻挡中微子
but no obstacle for the likes of neutrinos.
大爆♥炸♥一定产生了数量惊人的中微子
The big bang must have produced stupendous numbers of neutrinos,
它们畅通无阻地穿过无比稠密的物质
which flew unhindered through that inconceivable crush of matter.
中微子几乎无法被探测到的原因
The very thing that makes them almost impossible to detect
使它们得以穿过
is what allows neutrinos to sail through the curtain
遮掩时间起源的幕布
that conceals the beginning of time.
它们现在在哪里
Where are they now?
这这里在那里
They are here, they're there,
宇宙中无处不在
everywhere throughout the universe.
宇宙诞生产生的中微子就在你体内
Neutrinos from creation are within you.
从一个弹珠
From a marble...
到整个宇宙
to the cosmos.
这就是两千五百年前泰勒斯和德谟克利特
This is the road that Thales and Democritus put us on
带我们踏上的路途
some 2,500 years ago...
一条无尽的探索之路
a road of endless searching,
不懈地系统地探索新世界
a relentless, systematic hunt for new worlds
不断加深对自然的理解
and an ever-deepening understanding of nature.
你们当中谁会接过火炬
Who among you will pick up that torch
带领我们踏上下一段路呢
and take us down that next stretch of road?