宇宙时空之旅（2014）

Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey S01E01

Part 2 April 25, 2021, 12:38 p.m.

被流放到了远离母恒星之地
during the chaotic birth of their native star systems.
流浪行星中心灼热外表冰冻
Rogue planets are molten at the core but frozen at the surface.
在这冰♥火♥两极中间也许存在
There may be oceans of liquid water
丰沛的液态水
in the zone between those extremes.
谁知道水里可能畅游着什么呢
Who knows what might be swimming there?
这是红外线下的银河
This is what the Milky Way looks like in infrared.
每一个小点不仅是最亮的那些
Every single dot, not just the bright ones,
都是一颗恒星
is a star.
有多少恒星
How many stars?
有多少世界
How many worlds?
有多少种生命形态呢
How many ways of being alive?
在这幅图里我们又在哪里呢
Where are we in this picture?
看到那条旋臂了吗
See that trailing outer arm?
那是我们居住的地方
That's where we live...
距中心有三万光年远
about 30,000 light-years from the center.
银河系
The Milky Way Galaxy
是我们宇宙地址的下一行
is the next line of our cosmic address.
我们现在离家有十万光年远
We're now a hundred thousand light-years from home.
即使是光已知速度最快的事物
It would take light, the fastest thing there is,
也需要十万年才能从地球到达这里
a hundred thousand years to reach us from Earth.
这是螺旋状仙女座星系
This is the Great Spiral in Andromeda,
紧邻银河系的另一个星系
the galaxy next door.
我们把这两个巨型星系
We call our two giant galaxies
和其他一些小型星系
and a smattering of smaller ones
叫做"本星系群"
the "Local Group."
从这里甚至找不到我们的母星系
Can't even find our home galaxy from out here.
这只是室女超团里的几千个星系中的一个
It's just one of thousands in the Virgo Supercluster.
从这个尺度看
On this scale,
我们看到的所有东西
all the objects we see,
哪怕是一个极微小的点
including the tiniest dots,
都是一个星系
are galaxies.
每个星系里有数以亿计的恒星
Each galaxy contains billions of suns
和数不清的世界
and countless worlds.
然而整个室女超团
Yet, the entire Virgo Supercluster itself
也不过是宇宙的一小部分
forms but a tiny part of our universe.
这是我们现已探知到最大尺度的宇宙
This is the cosmos on the grandest scale we know...
一个由数千亿星系组成的网络
a network of a hundred billion galaxies.
这是我们宇宙地址的最后一行
It's the last line of our cosmic address...
暂时的最后一行
for now.
可观测宇宙
Observable universe?!
那是什么意思
What does that mean?
即使搭乘着想象号♥飞船
Even for us, in our Ship of the Imagination,
我们所能见到的时空依然是有限的
there's a limit to how far we can see in space-time.
这是我们的宇宙视界
It's our cosmic horizon.
视界之外的那部分宇宙
Beyond that horizon lie parts of the universe
因太过遥远而无法探知
that are too far away.
宇宙诞生于138亿年前
There hasn't been enough time
但这时间仍不够让它们的光线
in the 13.8 billion year history of the universe
抵达我们这一边
for their light to have reached us.
许多人有这样的猜想这一切
Many of us suspect that all of this...
所有的世界恒星星系和星团
all the worlds, stars, galaxies and clusters
可观测宇宙中的一切
in our observable universe...
只不过是无限宇宙海洋里的
is but one tiny bubble in an infinite ocean
一个小泡沫
of other universes...
多重宇宙
A multiverse.
宇宙叠加着宇宙
Universe upon universe.
没有尽头的世界
Worlds without end.
感觉有些渺小吗
Feeling a little small?
与宇宙相比我们确实很渺小
Well, in the context of the cosmos, we are small.
我们可能只是居住在一粒尘埃上的小矮人
We may just be little guys living on a speck of dust,
在无限的浩瀚中漂浮
afloat in a staggering immensity,
但我们的思想并不狭隘
but we don't think small.
这种宇宙观还是比较新的
This cosmic perspective is relatively new.
仅仅四百年前
A mere four centuries ago,
我们的小世界还不曾注意到身边的大宇宙
our tiny world was oblivious to the rest of the cosmos.
那时没有望远镜
There were no telescopes.
宇宙只是我们肉眼可见的样子
The universe was only what you could see with the naked eye.
回到1599年
Back in 1599,
所有人都认为太阳行星和恒星
everyone knew that the Sun, planets and stars
只是围绕着地球旋转的天上之光
were just lights in the sky that revolved around the Earth,
我们是这个小宇宙的中心
and that we were the center of a little universe,
这是一个为我们而生的宇宙
a universe made for us.
整个星球上只有一个人
There was only one man on the whole planet
预见了一个更宏大的无限宇宙
who envisioned an infinitely grander cosmos.
他是如何度过1600年的
And how was he spending New Year's Eve
新年前夜的呢
of the year 1600?
有什么好问的当然是在监狱里度过的
Why? In prison, of course.
每个人都会经历这样一段时光
There comes a time in our lives
我们开始意识到自己并不是宇宙的中心
when we first realize we're not the center of the universe,
而是更宏大世界的一部分
that we belong to something much greater than ourselves.
这是成长的一部分
It's part of growing up.
正如每个人都会经历一样
And as it happens to each of us,
我们的文明也开始经历这一过程
so it began to happen to our civilization
一切始于十六世纪
in the 16th century.
想象一下一个还没有望远镜的世界
Imagine a world before telescopes,
宇宙不过是你肉眼能够
when the universe was only what you could see
看到的样子
with the naked eye.
很显然地球是静止不动的
It was obvious that Earth was motionless,
在天堂里的一切
and that everything in the heavens...
太阳月亮恒星和行星们
the Sun, the Moon, the stars, the planets...
都围绕我们旋转直到
revolved around us... and then...
一位名叫哥白尼的波兰天文学家和牧师
a Polish astronomer and priest named Copernicus
提出了一个大胆的假设地球并不是中心
made a radical proposal. The Earth was not the center.
它只是行星中的一个和其它行星一样
It was just one of the planets, and, like them,
都是围绕着太阳旋转的
it revolved around the Sun.
大多数人和宗教改革家马丁·路德一样
Many, like the Protestant reformer Martin Luther,
认为这是对《圣经》的亵渎
took this idea as a scandalous affront to Scripture.
他们吓坏了
They were horrified.
但对另一个人
But for one man,
哥白尼走得还不够远
Copernicus didn't go far enough.
他的名字是焦尔达诺·布鲁诺
His name was Giordano Bruno,
他是一位天生的反叛者
and he was a natural-born rebel.
他一直渴望冲破这个狭小宇宙的牢笼
He longed to bust out of that cramped little universe.
道明会天主教托钵修会的主要派别之一
在那不勒斯这位年轻的道明会修士
Even as a young Dominican monk in Naples,
就与周遭格格不入
he was a misfit.
这是意大利
This was a time
一段没有思想自♥由♥的黑暗时期
when there was no freedom of thought in Italy.
但布鲁诺无比渴求了解
But Bruno hungered to know
上帝创造的一切
everything about God's creation.
他敢于阅读被教会禁止的书籍
He dared to read the books banned by the Church,
这是他被毁灭的开端
and that was his undoing.
在其中一本书中
In one of them,
一位已逝去一千五百多年的古罗马人
an ancient Roman, a man dead for more than 1,500 years
卢克莱修《物性论》
向他私语描绘出一个更大的宇宙
whispered to him of a universe far greater,
与他心中的上帝一样无限的宇宙
one as boundless as his idea of God.
卢克莱修让他的读者
Lucretius asked the reader
去想象站在宇宙的边缘
to imagine standing at the edge of the universe
向外射箭的情景
and shooting an arrow outward.
如果箭飞出去不停止那么很显然
If the arrow keeps going, then clearly,
宇宙比你想象的尽头还有广阔
the universe extends beyond what you thought was the edge.
但如果箭停下来了
But if the arrow doesn't keep going...
假设它击中了一面墙那么那面墙一定
say it hits a wall... then that wall must lie
矗立在比你认为的宇宙边缘更远的地方
beyond what you thought was the edge of the universe.
现在假设你站在这面墙上往外再射一箭
Now if you stand on that wall and shoot another arrow,
那么也只可能得出同样的两个结论
there are only the same two possible outcomes...
这支箭或者不停往前飞
it either flies forever out into space,
或者击中了某个边界
or it hits some boundary
在这个边界你可以向外再射一箭
where you can stand and shoot yet another arrow.
不管是哪种情况宇宙都是没有边界的
Either way, the universe is unbounded.