硅谷发明家：吸血成金

硅谷真的擅长做基于网络的电子邮件客户端
Silicon Valley is really good at making a web- based e- mail client,
或是擅长做有表情包的聊天软件
or really great at making a chat app with emojis on it.
微笑 想想你手中
A little smile when you kind of think about
东西的涵义
what is all in that thing you're holding.
但硅谷试着做关系人们生命的事
But Silicon Valley is trying to do things where people's lives are on the line.
硅谷的人试着做无人驾驶汽车
We're trying to make autonomous vehicles.
试着做医疗器械
We're trying to make medical devices.
试着做这些事情 如果做得不对
We're trying to do these things that if you don't do it right,
坦白说 人会说谎
quite frankly, people can die.
你需要用不同的视角来看待它
You need to approach it with a different lens.
问题是当你在发展未来时
The problem is that when you're developing the future,
你不知道会造成什么影响
you don't know what the impact is going to be
因为没人以前见过
because no one's seen this before.
参与检测的通常是普通大众
And the testing ground is often just the general public.
2013年Theranos正式上线业务
In 2013, Theranos went live,
检测亚利桑那州的病患
testing real patients in Arizona
这是和Walgreens合作内容之一
as part of a partnership with Walgreens.
这是一次冒险的举动
It was a risky move.
爱迪生机器有问题
The Edison machines had problems,
并没有获得监管者的批准在实体店做化验
and they weren't approved by regulators for in- store testing.
但是Theranos的钱快花光了
But Theranos was running out of money
需要Walgreens的业务来吸引新的投资者
and needed the Walgreens deal to attract new investors.
Elizabeth向Walgreens提出一个权宜之计
So, Elizabeth sold Walgreens on a stopgap plan
运营健康中心并不使用爱迪生
to launch the Wellness Centers without the Edisons.
不在店里检测血液
Instead of testing blood on- site,
而是把病人的血样送去帕洛阿尔托
patients' samples would be sent to Palo Alto,
Theranos在那里匆忙建立了一个临床实验室
where Theranos had hastily constructed a clinical lab.
许多技术人员缺乏经验
Many of the technicians were inexperienced.
当一个实验室主管辞职 Theranos会
When one lab director quit, Theranos replaced him
用皮肤科医生代替他
with a dermatologist.
因为Walgreens项目的运营
Due in part to the Walgreens launch,
Theranos从新投资者那里
Theranos was able to raise
筹集超过四亿美元的资金
over $400 million from new investors,
比如Walton家族 Betsy DeVos
like the Walton family, Betsy DeVos,
新英格兰爱国者(橄榄球队)的老板
the owner of the New England Patriots,
还有Rupert Murdoch 投了1.25亿美元
and Rupert Murdoch, who put up $125 million.
对于投资者和患者而言
To investors and patients,
这个系统看着和广♥告♥里宣传的一样
it seemed like the system was working as advertised.
计划是在亚利桑那州先运行
The plan was launched in Arizona
好像这是一个全国性的计划
as if it's a nationwide campaign,
然后拿下主要市场并且在全国推广
and then take key markets and roll it out across the country.
我不是工程师 我不是科学家
I wasn't an engineer. I wasn't a scientist.
我不是研发人员
I wasn't in R&D.
我的工作是创建一个消费者品牌
I was there to create a consumer brand.
我们提出三个描述Theranos的形容词
We came up with three adjectives to describe Theranos:
简单 人 乐观
simple, human, and optimistic.
因为抽血的
Because there are so many barriers
障碍太多了
to getting your blood drawn,
不管是怕针头
whether it's fear of needles,
还是怕知道结果
or fear of finding out the results,
住太远 无法担负得起
living far away, can't afford it.
有很多诸如此类的障碍
There's just a lot of barriers.
有这种恐惧或是
It's like, people that have this
担心亦或不喜欢抽血的人 让我们改变他们
fear or this angst or don't like it, let's convert them.
所以我雇了Errol Morris
So, I hired Errol Morris.
Errol和苹果合作过
Errol worked with Apple.
与苹果做了很多出色的工作
Did a lot of great work with Apple.
Elizabeth被这一点打动了
And Elizabeth was taken by that.
Theranos可能会成为医保界的苹果
This could be potentially the Apple of health care.
没错
Exactly.
我是你的粉丝
I'm a fan.
我也是你的粉丝
Well, likewise.
我们做了选角
We did casting.
现实中有各种问题的人
Real people that have all these issues.
我们也联♥系♥了Theranos的现有顾客
We did also reach out to existing Theranos customers,
请他们来讲述真实的故事
and had several of them come and tell their real story
以及在Theranos的用户体验
and their experience with Theranos.
- 你好 - 嗨
- Hello! - Hi.
谢谢你能来
Thank you for coming in.
开拍
A- mark.
与往常一样 我不知道
So, as usual, I have no idea
要问什么问题 也不知从哪里开始
what questions to ask or where to start.
我们会知道的
I think we'll figure it out.
有很多没有保险
There are so many people that don't have insurance
和负担不起保险的人
and can't afford insurance.
我去看了医生
I was going to doctors,
我担负不起 我是自费的
and I couldn't afford it. I was paying out of pocket.
如果你试着生活下去 昂贵的医药费是挡路石
If you're trying to live a life, it gets in the way of it.
如果我能接收到信息
And if I could receive this information,
不用一路下来花那么多钱
without having to spend all of this money along the way,
那就太棒了
that would be amazing.
800美元做一系列的血液化验?
Eight hundred dollars for a series of blood tests?
是一件让人很有压力的事
It can be pretty stressful.
开销很贵
It's expensive.
很荒唐
It's ridiculous.
自从该广♥告♥在亚利桑那州播放
Once they went live in Arizona
- 嗯 - 尽管研发人员并不赞同
- Right. - dealing now with real patients
- 是的 - 但公♥司♥仍开始向患者提供服务
- Right. - as opposed to R&D.
- 是这样的 - 要知道
- That's right. Yes. - You know,
这时候 人们会产生疑虑 比如
then you begin to wonder, like, is it--
嗯 我想是这样
- Well, I think here's...
我的理解是
my context for this is,
先回过头说一下Jobs
you know, go back to Jobs for a minute,
所有人都说他做不到
and all the people that said no to him,
但他不接受"不"
and he refused no,
并最终证明了所有人都是错的
and did it anyway and proved everyone wrong.
所以我判断成功的标准是
So, my measure of success at that level,
一个有远见的人
a visionary,
创立自己的公♥司♥
owns his own company,
并研发出能够改变世界的产品
in creating products that change the world,
从不屈服 从不放弃
he did not give up or give in ever.
这是我衡量成功的标准
So, that was my measure of success.
但是 如果涉及到患者 就是另外一回事了
Now, on patients, that's a whole other thing.
在很多州 患者是不能在没有医生处方的情况下
In many states, patients aren't allowed
直接进行血液检测的
to order their own lab tests without a prescription.
医生要提供相应的指导和监督
Doctors are supposed to provide guidance and oversight.
但Elizabeth成功的游说了亚利桑那州政♥府♥
But Elizabeth lobbied the state of Arizona
通过了一项允许患者不用咨♥询♥医师就能
to pass a law allowing patients to order lab tests
进行血液检测的法案
without consulting doctors.
给予人们获得血液检测的权利
Giving people the right to obtain a laboratory test
将会 毫无疑问地
will, by definition,
开启人们关心自身健康的新纪♥元♥
begin the process of enabling them to engage in their health.
Ms. Holmes 你的演说精彩绝伦
Ms. Holmes, you are magnificent,
我们已经没有任何问题了
and there isn't a question
因为您已经提前解释过多次了
any of us could ever ask that you haven't answered 20 or 30 times before.
这项法案允许人们自行进行血液检测
This law would allow you to order your own blood work,
并直接获得结果
and you get the results.
这是Theranos发布的
This is what theranos puts out.
血检清单
It's a menu.
就像点餐一样
You kind of order à la carte,
但在医学领域
but there are some cautions raised
仍有些质疑的声音
from the medical community.
你不能只看检测结果
You can't just look at a lab.
你必须检查患者本人
You have to look at the whole patient, the whole person.
我们无法在没有检查患者的情况下
We can't write a prescription for somebody
给出治疗方案
that we haven't done a physical exam or have seen,
这就有点像
and so it kind of was like,
我们要怎么办呢
how are we going to deal with this?
低廉的价格对患者是极具吸引力的
Low cost was very interesting to the patients,
而且能够自主选择血液检测
but then also being able to order their own labs,