汪星人的奇思妙想（2024）

在真正的灾难中
这是一个被困住的人
in a real disaster situation, be trapped…
someone who would,
[Otto] …is just mind-blowing.
[barking]
这真是太令人震撼了
[barking]
[barking]
对了！
[woman] Yes! Woo-hoo-hoo!
我们没有任何设备
能与狗的这种能力匹敌
We don't have any equipment
that can match the dog's ability,
在寻找藏匿的人时
它们的那种速度和精准度
their speed, and their accuracy
in finding these concealed people
人的生死
就取决于能否被迅速地找到
whose lives really depend
on being found quickly.
[barking]
那是一种超能力
And that is a superpower.
当7.8级的地震
袭击了土耳其和叙利亚时
[reporter]
When the 7.8 magnitude earthquake
rocked Turkey and Syria,
牧羊犬科林
英国国际搜救队的一名成员
Colin the Collie, a member of the UK's
International Search and Rescue Team,
在土耳其受灾最严重的地区之一
搜救了整整十天
spent ten days
in one of Turkey's hardest-hit areas.
有11次成功的救援 都要归功于狗
Dogs are responsible
for 11 successful rescues.
几个世纪以来
狗的嗅觉一直在为人所用
[Otto] Dogs have been used for scent work
for centuries,
但直到最近 狗才被用来帮助我们
but it's only been more recently
that dogs have been used
to help us identify odors
associated with disease.
识别与疾病有关的气味
癌症可能是受到了最多的关注疾病
Cancer is probably the one disease
that has received the most attention.
好嘞 阿姆瑞莎 欧萨今天要做什么？
All right, Amritha,
what do we have Osa doing today?
欧萨将要在这个八端口气味探测轮上
So Osa is going to find
our cancer-detection training odor
找到我们的癌症检测训练气味
on our eight-port scent-detection wheel,
我们的新冠病毒检测研究
用的也是这个探测论
the same wheel we use
for our Covid-detection studies.
准备好了吗 欧萨？
[woman] Ready, Osa?
-[yips]
找
[woman] Search!
这个癌症检测是这样的
我们拿一个癌症患者的血液样本
[Otto] With cancer detection, we take
a blood sample from a person with cancer.
我们先让狗去闻这个样本
We ask the dog first to sniff that sample.
然后我们按一下点击器
给狗一个点心
-And then we click a little clicker…
-[clicker clicks]
[Otto] …and they get a treat.
Good girl!
-Nice job, Oss!
-[Otto] We do that a couple of times.
我们这样重复做几次
然后 在突然之间 换一个样本
Then, all of a sudden,
there's another sample,
而这个样本的主人是健康的
and here's that healthy patient.
当它们把鼻子放在
没有得癌症的病人的样本时
When they put their nose on the sample
that is not from the patient with cancer,
它们就得不到奖赏
they don't get their reward.
预备 欧萨 找
[woman] Ready, Osa? Search.
狗一直在处理信息
它们正在学会适应
[Otto] The dogs are constantly processing
the information, they're adapting,
然后它们就能够解析出相关的气味
and they're able to parse out
the relevant odors
认出这种气味就是癌症
and recognize that this is the cancer.
-[clicker clicks]
-[woman] Good girl!
乖孩子！
对 干得好 欧萨
Yes. Good job, Osa.
即使人们有不同的饮食习惯
有着不同的种族背景
Even if people have a different diet,
come from different ethnic backgrounds,
他们可能来自不同的地区
if they're from a different geography,
很多时候 机器会因此而困惑
a lot of times,
the machines get confused by that.
-[sniffing]
-[clicker clicks]
乖孩子
干得好
-[woman 1] Good girl.
-[woman 2] Good job.
所以狗的大脑中有些非常惊人的东西
So there's something very amazing
about the dog's brain
它们处理信息的能力很惊人
and their processing ability.
[panting]
如果检测轮中没有目标气味
那会怎么样？
So what happens
if there's no target odor in the wheels?
如果检测轮中不包含任何目标物质
So if the wheel doesn't contain
any target substance,
它们会跳上这个平台 坐在那里
what they do is they will jump
on this platform right here,
and they'll sit,
这就是在告诉我们
它们已经闻遍了检测轮上的所有样本
and that tells us that they have sniffed
all of the samples on the wheel,
它们不认为其中存在着目标样本
and they don't believe
any of them to be the target sample.
这就像是解除警报的信♥号♥♥
So like an all-clear signal.
-Mm-hmm.
[sniffing]
像癌症这样的疾病 发病率非常之低
[Amritha] Diseases like cancer
have really low incidence rates,
所以我们会想要确保
so we want to make sure
狗会愿意通过很多阴性的样本
that the dogs are willing to pass
a lot of negative samples.
-[clicker clicks]
-[woman] Good girl.
好孩子
[laughter]
干得好
[woman] Good job.
[laughter continues]
狗能闻出癌症、糖尿病
甚至是帕金森病来
[narrator] Dogs can smell cancer,
diabetes, even Parkinson's.
它们能闻出我们的情绪
They can smell our mood.
肾上腺素
Adrenaline.
甚至还能闻到我们的压力
They can even smell our stress.
能够检测到如此细微的变化
着实是一种超能力
Being able to pick up
on such minute changes is a superpower.
她走过来 把鼻子贴在我的肚子上
She came up and put her nose on my belly,
我的直觉告诉我 有什么地方不对劲
and I knew in my gut
that something was wrong.
塞拉是在告诉我 我得了卵巢癌
Sierra was telling me
I had ovarian cancer.
我相信她救了我一命
I believe she saved my life.
我们都与我们家中的狗
建立了情感联结
[Hecht] We all experience attachment bonds
with the dogs in our households.
狗对我们有感情 我们对狗也有感情
Dogs are bonded to us.
We're bonded to them.
在哈佛大学
At Harvard University, we're looking
at the formation of attachment bonds
我们正在研究
狗与孩子之间情感联结的建立
between dogs and children.
原来我们之间的联结并不“肤浅”
[narrator] Turns out our bond
is more than just skin deep.
皮质醇是在经历压力时
身体释放出的一种荷尔蒙
Cortisol is a hormone that bodies release
during stressful experiences.
当人与狗建立了情感联结
When people have
an attachment bond with a dog,
亲密伙伴的存在
能够减少经历高压事件时
the presence of that bonded partner
can buffer that bump in cortisol
皮质醇的加速释放
that occurs during a stressful event.
狗和人之间的互动
Interactions between dogs and humans
也会导致两个物种
释放一种叫做催产素的荷尔蒙
also cause release of a hormone
called oxytocin in both species.
这种荷尔蒙与社交纽带的形成有关
This is a hormone that is involved
in the formation of social bonds
与联结伙伴互动时的正面感受有关
and the feeling of positive interactions
with an attachment partner.
狗会与我们建立情感联结
就好像它们自己也是人一样
[narrator] Dogs create
attachment bonds with us
as if they themselves are humans.
在犬类伙伴这里
At Canine Companions,
这种情感联结是成功配对的关键
this attachment bond is the key
to making a successful match.
穿
[woman] Dress.
这些狗都已经掌握了
教室中的基本知识
[narrator] The dogs have mastered
the basics in the classroom
并且将学到的东西
拿去现实世界实践过了
and taken what they've learned
into the real world.
现在 训狗人们决定
这一届11只狗中的7只
Now the trainers have decided that seven