艺术的力量（2006）

意大利 1610年
Italy, 1610.
米开朗基罗.梅西.达.卡瓦拉乔再次受到通缉
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio is on the run, again.
他对麻烦一点儿也不陌生 一生中大部分时间他都与法律纠缠在一起
No stranger to trouble,this artist's tangled with the law most of his life.
但是这次却不同
But this time, it's different.
这次是因为谋杀
This time, he's wanted for murder.
不管死活 凡是捉到他的都有赏金
There's a price on his head, alive or dead.
所以他就像往常一样
So he does what he's always done,
尽其所能逃走了
does what he does best.
他试依靠作画来摆脱麻烦
He tries to paint his way out of trouble.
这就是他的画作 牧羊人♥大♥卫提着巨人Goliath的头颅
This is what he paints.David with the head of Goliath.
这是一副自画像
It's a self-portrait,
但是卡瓦拉乔为什么把大卫描绘成自己的模样呢
but why doesn't Caravaggio cast himself as the hero David?
同时也把自己描绘作画中的恶魔
Why does he paint himself as the villain of the piece,
Goliath呢(圣经中被牧羊人♥大♥卫杀死的 Philistine 的巨人)
the monster, Goliath?
也许他希望通过在画中表达出这种负罪的祈求
Maybe he hopes that by making this guilty plea in paint,
来获得宽恕
he can be spared.
也许通过在画中交出自己的首级 他就可以在现实世界中得到拯救
Perhaps by offering his head in a painting,he can save himself in real life.
难道不是吗 我们可能认为天才即英雄
We like to think, don't we,that the genius is the hero,
优秀即赢家
that the good guy wins.
但是他可是卡瓦拉乔 这个天才是个恶棍
But this is Caravaggio,and the genius is the villain.
艺术的力量：卡瓦拉乔
罗马 1600年
Rome, 1600.
基♥督♥教界推广运动的中心所在地
The centre of the greatest propaganda campaign Christendom has ever seen.
天主教教派正受到来自北欧的新教的围攻
The Catholic Church is under siege from the Protestants of Northern Europe...
对于需要救赎的人们 他们传达了一个新的讯息
who have a new message for those in need of salvation.
新教♥徒♥们说道 谨听吾言
"Just depend on the word," said the Protestants,
真理如黑白般分明
"the gospel truth in black and white."
一本圣经就是基♥督♥徒的向导
"A printed Bible is a Christian's guide."
教堂里的画只会让我们分心 是不洁的象征 把它们都扔出去
''Paintings in churches are a distraction, filthy idols, wipe them out.''
天主教♥徒♥反击说
Catholics shot back,
那些识字的大众难道就不值得救赎吗
''What about the millions who can't read,don't they deserve to be saved?"
难道贫苦人就不应该体会到
''Shouldn't the poor have a vision of the sacrifice of the Saviour,"
耶稣基♥督♥和圣母玛丽亚做出的牺牲吗
''the life of the Virgin?''
在天主教教派之间进行灵魂之战时 绘画已经不仅仅是艺术品那么简单了
In the Catholic Church's war for souls, paintings were not art objects,
它们就是一架架重炮
they were the heavy artillery.
所以教堂被一一整修 还有一些则重建
So churches are repaired, others newly built,
所有的教堂都被大量的绘画所装饰
all lavishly decorated with paintings.
相应的 这些绘画也就担负起了捍卫天主教信念的重任
The paintings responsible for defending the Catholic faith.
但是在凡蒂冈之外
But away from the Vatican,
在高墙环绕装饰华丽的红衣主教居住的宫殿之外
outside the gorgeously decorated, high-walled palaces of the aristocratic cardinals,
却是一个非常不一样的罗马
there was a very different Rome.
那里有散发着汗水味道的人群
The Rome of a sweaty, yelling crowd,
他们充斥着市场和广场
a hundred thousand of them jostling in the markets and the piazzas,
这个罗马有着发酸的酒 老蒜头 街头的顽童
the Rome of sour wine, old garlic, street urchins,
兼♥职♥的士兵转瞬间就可能会偷走你的钱包 也可能割破你的喉咙
shifty part-time soldiers who'd cut your purse or your throat, just as soon as look at you.
这里满是乞丐 卖♥♥艺者 耍杂耍的 骗子 还有娼妓
The Rome of beggars, buskers, tumblers, quacks and whores.
数以千计的他们在Ortaccio游荡(罗马与1500年代设立的红灯区)
Thousands of them working away in the Ortaccio,
这个邪恶的伊甸园就位于台伯河的下游
the evil Eden down by the river Tiber.
这就是卡瓦拉乔所处的罗马
This was Caravaggio's Rome,
依靠自身的才智和可疑的声誉
cheap rooms and drunken nights with other perpetually broke painters,
他住着廉价的房♥屋 夜夜与其它潦倒画家不醉无归
living on their wits and shady credit,
整天惹事生非瞎胡混
up for bother, always on the fly.
在街上游荡时 他们的座右铭是
Their motto as they prowled the streets,
没有希望 也没有恐惧
Nec spe, nec metu, ''Without hope, without fear''.
欠揍啊笨蛋
Shove this up your arse.
当然 他不是天生就是个恶棍
Of course, he wasn't born a thug,
只不过是来自伦巴第(意大利北部州)的一个名叫卡瓦拉乔的小村庄
just a boy from small-town Lombardy, the small town of Caravaggio.
他的父亲负责照看当地一个贵族的房♥子和土地
His father looked after the house and the land of a local aristocrat,
他的声望还可以 不太穷 也不太富
respectable, not poor, not rich.
但是哪怕一场小瘟疫也是他们的敌人
But plague was the enemy of expectations, even small ones,
他在一天内同时失去了父亲和爷爷
and it killed off Caravaggio's father, and his grandpa
当时他只有5岁
on the same day, when he was just five.
当他19岁的时候 他又失去了母亲 所以在变卖♥♥家产还债后就出走了
When he was 19, his mother died, so the children sold up and got out.
他在米兰当了一阵子学徒
He put in some time as an apprentice in Milan,
但是任何一个有天份的人都会去罗马
but anyone who had real talent went to Rome.
于是卡瓦拉乔在1593年到了那里
Caravaggio had arrived here in 1593,
如果他真有一天知道自己将会成为一名伟大的艺术家的话
and had been promptly told what he was supposed to do,
那么他在罗马很快就知道了自己应该做些什么
if he was ever to become a great artist.
首先 描绘那些古老的雕像
First, draw old sculpture.
这里的雕像可是多了去了
Plenty of that lying around.
然后 开始接触那些古老的大♥师♥的作品
Second, take yourself off to the old masters.
比如拉斐尔 把他的作品虔诚的复♥制♥下来并细心揣摩
Raphael, perhaps. Be humbled, copy and learn.
最终你得到的就是艺术
What you get at the end of it all was the point of art,
那是关于完美形状和理想中美好的一个概念
an idea of perfect form and ideal beauty.
如果你能用自己的画笔
If you could make those celestial mysteries visible,
把这些天上的秘密展现出来
using your own brushes,
那么然后你就能把你对完美的认识
then you'd be ready to convey that vision of perfection where it counted,
运用到关于灵魂的战斗之中
in the war for souls.
哦 是吗 卡瓦拉乔可不这么想
Oh, yeah? Caravaggio didn't think so.
天堂是什么样子 鬼才知道呢!
Visions of paradise? Who the hell knew about that?
他所知道的就在鼻子前面
What he knew was right in front of his nose.
就在画室里面
Down here on earth, in the studio,
这里 此时 这就是卡瓦拉乔的艺术
the here and now, that would be the point of his art.
素描 有人需要么
Drawing? Who needed it?
卡瓦拉乔一生中从未做过素描
Caravaggio never drew a thing in his life.
他只是观看 睁大眼睛看 然后就直接开始作画
He just looked, eyeballed and then he'd paint.
当有人问他怎么替换模特时
When someone asked him what he was gonna do for models,
他指向街道说"他们"
he pointed at the street. ''Them'', he said.
然后就把"他们"带到画室里
And he brought ''them'' into his studio.
卡瓦拉乔的“捧着果篮的男孩”这幅作品表现出的那种粗野的笨拙
The rough awkwardness of Caravaggio's Boy with a Basket of Fruit
正是文艺复兴时期大♥师♥的那种精致的美丽多年后的延续
自开始他并没有打算按常理行事
这就是卡瓦拉乔对古典作品泛滥模仿的一种回应
Here's Caravaggio's response to the slavish copying of the classics.
这是以他自己的形象绘制的酒神Bacchus(巴克斯)
His painting of himself as Bacchus, the god of wine.
要知道 巴克斯不仅仅是酒神
Now bear in mind Bacchus isn't simply the god of binges,
他同样是年轻美丽的象征
he's also the symbol of youth and beauty,
也是诗歌♥绘画的启发物
the inspirer of poetry, song and painting.
这就使卡瓦拉乔所要做的
And this is what Caravaggio does.
与永恒的年轻相反 他给了我们完全相反的感觉
Instead of eternal youth, he gives us something like the exact opposite,
他就像一个病人
someone who's really sick.
肤色发绿 嘴唇灰白
The flesh is greenish,
睡眠不足的眼睛 嘴角上挑 一副淫邪模样
the lips are grey, the eyes unslept, the mouth curled into a leer.
他不是从人类中选择一个形象 然后把他塑造成一个神的形象
Instead of taking a human form and making it into a god,
而是把一个神完全凡人化了
he takes a god and makes it all too human.
就像一个衣着华丽的社交动物次日清晨醒来的模样
The overdressed party animal as a morning-after wreck.
再看那些葡萄
And look at those grapes.
是的 这些葡萄已经熟了 但是它们的确是些二流货色
Yes, he's got the bloom just right, but they're definitely past their sell-by date,
而且还由一个指甲脏兮兮的手掌托着
and they're offered to us in an oily paw with filth-rimmed fingernails.
不要了 谢谢
No, thanks.
如今 北部意大利的艺术家们以其精湛的技艺著称
Now, northern Italian artists were famous for their technical skill.
他们的那种自然主义仍然存在
Their naturalistic still lives.
但是卡瓦拉乔给了我们一个扭曲的自然
But Caravaggio gives us nature with a twist.
根本就不担心艺术美不美好
Never mind art as beauty.
他把一个水果篮变成了一场生与死的戏剧
He takes a basket of fruit and turns it into a life-and-death drama.
正是他超越了极限
He's pushing the envelope,
尝试着去改变绘画的理应面目
challenging the very way that painting was supposed to be.
这并不是因为胆小的缘故
It wasn't for the timid, but painting this sharp
但是这种改变却也不是不想被那些鉴赏家所知晓
wasn't going to go unnoticed by those with an eye for quality.
一个名叫Francesco Maria del Monte的红衣主教
A cardinal, no less, Francesco Maria del Monte.
这位红衣主教可不是穷光蛋
No church mouse, our cardinal,
他住在一座巨大的宫殿中
he lives in an enormous pile of a palazzo, surrounded by poets,
身旁还有诗人 音乐家和绘画作品包围着
musicians and paintings.
他是当时艺术市场最大的玩家
Del Monte of the roving eye is the biggest player on the art market.
在市场上艺术品交易商那里 有些东西吸引了他
At the art dealer's over the road, the cardinal sees something that takes his fancy.
老千
Cardsharps.
他注意到画中亮丽的色彩
Del Monte takes in the brilliant colour,
滑稽的动作 使眼色 肘部的小动作
the jokey action, the wink wink, nudge-nudginess of it all.
更奇妙的是 他好像感觉到了画中的人物
Better still, he feels the presence of these people,
红脸蛋儿孩子的援手
the rosy-cheeked kid's sucker,
以及那个想胜过他的冷酷赌徒
and the cool bravo about to take him down,
这些栩栩如生的人物就像在他面前一样触手可及
as if they were right in front of him.
嗨