艺术的力量（2006）

A shot hare slung around the shoulders of a girl.
布有车辙的小径
Rutted tracks.
两个男人在挖沟 抑或是墓穴
Two men digging a ditch, or is it a grave?
你能想象到在冰冷坚硬的土地上 这个工作是多么的艰难
You can feel the tough work of it in that hard, frozen soil.
一切都是那么的阴暗 冷漠 毫无感情
Everything impassive, unsentimental, dour.
多么的真实啊
How things really are.
康斯塔伯(英国风景画家）会在什么时候去描绘北方的冬天呢
When did Constable ever do winter in the North?
透纳为什么会创作出这样的作品呢
Why would Turner ever do something so flinty?
因为在约克郡 透纳遇到了一个人
Well, in Yorkshire, he has become best mates with someone
从此透纳看待世界的方法发生了改变
who will change the way he sees the world.
沃尔特.福克斯眼中的英国完全是另一个样子
Walter Fawkes's view of Britain isn't exactly rose-tinted,
他也不是你想象中的一个普通的乡村绅士
and he's not your usual country gent.
而是一个政♥治♥斗士
He's a political militant,
一个为老保皇党集团所痛恨的人
the scourge of the old Tory establishment.
但是这个激进的有钱人最令人喜爱的原因却是
But the cause that's most dear to this radical toff
当时轰轰烈烈的道德战争
is the great moral crusade of the day,
废除奴隶贸易
the abolition of the slave trade.
福克斯的愤怒在透纳的作品中得以体现
Fawkes's fury seeped into Turner's imagination.
1810年的一天
One day in 1810,
透纳带着福克斯的儿子在约克郡高沼地区散步 当时乌云密布
Turner took Fawkes's son for a walk on the Yorkshire Moors as a storm brewed.
二人都在画素描 透纳放下铅笔
The two of them sketch away. Turner puts his pencil down.
他说道 豪克维 在那儿 两年后你会看到一幅作品
''There, Hawkey,'' he says, ''in two years you'll see this, and it'll be called
它将会被称作“汉尼拔越过阿尔卑斯山”
''Hannibal Crossing the Alps. ''
所以约克郡高沼上空的一场大风
So a squall over the Yorkshire Moors
变成了一场肆无忌惮的阿尔卑斯大灾难
turns into a no-holds-barred Alpine cataclysm.
同时大雪纷飞 暗无天日
A simultaneous blizzard and a shaft of sickly sun.
汉尼拔的军队成了牺牲品
Hannibal's army is the victim,
这是一趟痛苦之旅
as it clambers its painful way over the Alpine passes.
落伍者被惊慌的山地人所擒获
Stragglers picked off by scary mountain men,
一个大气漩涡在上空盘旋
while a sucking vortex hovers over the scene
就像是只恶毒的巨大猛禽
like some gigantic, malevolent bird of prey.
透纳把暴风雪和一些巨大恐怖的事物同时展现在约克郡高沼的上空
Turner does something tremendous with the storm over the Yorkshire Moors.
这不仅仅是场气象景象 其寓意应更为深远
It's not just scenic weather, it's a cosmic reckoning.
汉尼拔大获成功
Hannibal is a hit.
众人密密麻麻的围在他身旁
People crowded round it so densely,
挤都挤不进去
the gents couldn't elbow their way in to see it.
但是这幅作品为什么能吸引众人的目光呢
But why did this picture pull in the crowds?
不仅仅是因为这是一幅古代题材的作品
Not because it was a scene from ancient history,
而且人们都知道这也是一幅现代作品
but because everybody knew it was also a modern painting.
而且就发生在他们那个时代
A contemporary story.
当另一个自负的侵略者想越过阿尔卑斯山去寻找荣耀的时候
The comeuppance handed out to another arrogant invader
因果报应发生在了他身上
who crossed the Alps in search of glory.
他就是拿破仑
The arch enemy, Napoleon.
运用贬低手法 透纳把那个强大的司令官形象变小了
In a crushing putdown, Turner shrinks the mighty commander
在大背景的衬托下 显得微不足道 甚至有点儿滑稽
to a puny, almost comical figure in the remote background,
他坐在一头大象上 看起来就像一只甲虫
atop an elephant that looks more like a dung beetle.
你不得不承认透纳是个相信机会均等的悲观主义者
You have to say this about Turner, though. He's an equal-opportunity pessimist.
他迫切的想看到拿破仑的末日到来
As much as he wants to see the end of Napoleon,
他最后采取了一个带有谴责性质的古怪方式来庆祝滑铁卢之役
he's got a damn funny way of celebrating Waterloo.
透纳有没有在1817年为胜利的惠灵顿将军
In 1817, does he paint victorious Wellington
和他英勇的红衣军团精锐部队创作一幅作品呢
and his gallant scarlet squares of embattled grenadiers?
没有 他给我们带来的是在黑暗中的一张毯子 上面摆满了尸体
No, he gives us a carpet of corpses in the blackness.
带着孩子的妻子们
Wives and sweethearts with their babies,
悲伤的在尸堆里寻找爱人的尸身
pathetically searching the carnage for their loved ones.
这简直就是地狱
An apparition of pure hell.
这可不是在颂扬“铁公爵”（指惠灵顿）
Rather than glorify the Iron Duke,
这看起来就像是在例证自己的精炼判断 一仗功成万骨枯
it seems to exemplify one of his pithiest verdicts.
对于一场失败的战争 另一个糟糕的事情就是下一场战争的胜利
The next worst thing to a battle lost is a battle won.
所以毫不奇怪这幅作品直到二十世纪八十年代才得以公开展览
No wonder it wasn't until the 1980s that this painting was properly displayed.
透纳拒绝为国家的胜利摇旗助威令他失去了资助人
Turner's refusal to beat the patriotic drum or wag the flag cost him patrons.
但是从作品“滑铁卢战场”中 透纳想到了一些意义更加深远的东西
But with The Field of Waterloo, he's reached for something profound.
那将是一种以受害者的痛苦为题材的英国艺术
A British art that will act out the suffering of victims.
但是当时透纳对劳苦大众的了解已经很全面了
But, then, Turner knows all about the lot of the common people.
世界上没有力量能够解开
#No power on Earth can e'er divide
神圣的爱情打成的结
#The knot that sacred love hath ty'd
世界上没有力量能够分开
#No power on Earth can e'er divide
深爱着的两个人
#The knot that sacred love hath ty'd
他可不是一个具有绅士风度的艺术家
He's no gentleman artist.
他在肮脏污秽的女修道院后院出生长大
He was born and grew up in the filthy back alleys of Covent Garden,
在那里困苦绝望的他挣扎求生
where every day, he rubbed shoulders with the desperate and the destitute.
违背我们的意愿
# ...against our mind
堕入爱河越快
# The true love's knot they faster bind #
这并没有令他的滑铁卢之类的
This didn't make his Waterloo or any of his historical epics
历史题材类作品成为革命的宣言
manifestoes for revolution.
它们（的意义）应该更为深远宏大
They're bigger, more disturbing than that.
因为在这些作品中
They have washing through them
表现出了在灾难与暴行面前
the tragic truth about the powerlessness of ordinary people
那些平民百姓遭受到的悲惨真♥相♥
when faced with atrocity and disaster.
他们都是处于社会边缘的弱势群体
People who existed right on the edge.
而且在透纳的生活中就有这样的一个人
And there was someone in his own life who'd gone right over it.
那就是他的母亲
His mother.
在画家的家里 玛丽.透纳时常发出愤怒的嚎叫
Mary Turner was a shrieking fury in the painter's house.
这也许是透纳妹妹夭折的缘故
Driven mad, perhaps, by the death of Turner's younger sister.
1800年 她被关进了疯人院
In 1800, she was incarcerated in Bedlam,
从此消失于透纳的生活中 四年后悄无声息的离开了人世
disappearing from his life and dying four years later in total neglect.
但是我想如果是透纳抛弃了她呢 这样会不会成为透纳挥之不去的梦魇
But if Turner abandoned her, could there have been, I wonder, a haunting?
玛丽的怒嚎
Was Mary's howling rage
会不会就是透纳笔下漆黑的乌云和炽烈的金色天空
translated into the dark thunder and burning gold of Turner's skies?
我能想象到的也就是这些了
This much I can say.
正是对脆弱的人类存在持有的那种剧烈而又带有悲剧性的特殊感受塑造了透纳的人生
That an acute, tragic sense of the frailty of human existence
同样也令他的伟大作品具有强大的感染力
framed Turner's life and powers the greatest of his works.
所以在他作品中出现的人物
So the figures who populate his history paintings
都是那么的软弱无力
are often weirdly invertebrate.
他们就像处于命运洪流中的浮萍一样随波逐流
So many rag dolls tossed around by the immense forces of fate.
对于学习了人物造型的传统理论画法的人来说
Painting these discarded marionettes was particularly wilful
能创作出这样的作品的人必定是特别的固执
for someone who'd studied academic figure drawing.
但是当时透纳的皇家艺术学院会龄已经有将近20年了
But then, despite the fact he's been a fellow at the Academy for nearly 20 years,
在那些墨守成规的英国艺术界 他算得上是个另类
Turner was proving to be the odd man out in the play-safe world of British art.
所以并不仅仅是他的作品招致高级艺术批评家的非议
It's not just what he paints that gets him into trouble with high-class critics,
而更是他作画的方式令他们不满
it's the way he paints it.
一个批评家非常失望
One critic despairs that Turner delights in abstractions
他认为透纳很喜欢以世界的初始混沌状态作为创作素材
that go back to the first chaos of the world.
好吧 亲爱的人们 对于这个带着低俗口音却拥有高档住♥宅♥的粗鄙的暴发户
Well, my dears, what would you expect from the grubby little parvenu
我们能祈求从他那里得到些什么呢
with his downmarket accent and his upmarket house?
有些粗俗的事物顽强的隐匿在他的内心深处
There's something obstinately coarse that clings to him,
那是一种尖锐的社会风格
a pungent social aroma.
当透纳游历巴黎的时候 法国画家德拉克罗瓦有点被吓到了
When Turner visits France, the painter Delacroix
在他眼中透纳就像是一个没有洗手的农夫
is taken aback that he looks rather like a farmer with unwashed hands.
噢 你看 他的指甲里还有污垢
Oh, there's dirt under Turner's nails, all right,
但是颜色却有点像藤黄色或者普鲁士蓝 而不是农肥的颜色
but it's likely to be gamboge yellow or Prussian blue, not farm muck.
最糟糕的是
And the worst thing is that he seems to wear his unwashed hands
他好像对自己的脏手还非常的引以为傲
like a badge of professional pride.
当一位很有上进心的绅士艺术家来拜见他的时候
When a young gentleman aspirant artist comes to see him,
透纳一把抓住对方洁白的手掌并且大发雷霆
Turner grabs his lily-white hands and growls...
你是成不了什么气候的
You're no artist.
对于透纳来说 手指也是艺术创作工具
Turner himself uses his fingers to make his art,
在创作的时候 他故意不修剪指甲
keeps a nail deliberately untrimmed so he could wield it like a claw
而是像爪子一样在作品表面挥划
to cut into the paint surface.
他手中的画刷不是轻柔的拍拂而是大力的擦刮
He's no dainty brush-flicker. He wipes and scrapes,
并且还用浮石处理画的表面（一种在固体状时用作研磨物且粉状时用作磨光物和研磨物的轻多孔火山岩）
attacks the surface with a pumice stone,
并且吐上唾沫使画的表面显得平滑柔和
spits into the paint and gives it a good smoosh.
正是透纳这种顽童式的绘画方式
It's this joyous urchin-like wallowing in the muck and slather of paint
令那些艺术评论家们是如此的惊骇
that Turner's critics found so appalling.
其中一位抱怨说他的这种永恒的需求必定是非常的特别
And one of them complained about his perpetual need to be extraordinary.
是啊 没错儿 非常的非英国式
Well, yes, how very un-British.
但是透纳并不想被正在形成的英国所限制
But Turner didn't want to be boxed in by what Britain was becoming.
因为即将形成的英国将会是个坚固而平凡的贸易帝国
An empire of solid, prosaic commercial facts.
他需要一个地方
He needed something more, a place where the poetic imagination
在那里可以任由浪漫如诗般的想象力自♥由♥生长
could drift and float.
世界上就有这么一个地方
There was one place where not being sound or solid
那就是威尼斯