艺术的力量（2006）

And in 1785, David delivered that message,
对于那些自满的掌权者来说这可是坏消息
like a package of bad news for the complacent and the over-powdered.
欢迎来到在卢浮宫举办的
Welcome to the first public art show in the world,
世界上第一个公共艺术展
in the palace of the Louvre, no less.
这里并不老是个安静的博物馆
This wasn't always a hushed museum.
在巴黎 这里每两年都会举办一场免费的盛大娱乐活动
Every two years, it staged the greatest public entertainment in Paris, and it was free.
传言说将会展出一幅激动人心的作品
Word had got out there was something sensational to see.
大卫的“何拉提之誓”
Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii.
这是一幅与处于危机中的国家有关的作品
It's a painting about a country in crisis.
为了避免战争 罗马条选出三名勇士
To avoid war, the Romans have chosen three of their men
与三位敌手对决 生者即胜者
to fight with three from the enemy. Last one standing wins.
残酷的现实却是其中一名罗马勇士的妻子是敌方的一员
The cruel twist is that one of the Roman boys is married to an enemy girl.
要么成为寡妇 要么成为孤儿
Widowhood and orphanhood beckon.
但是勇士们却丝毫没有考虑到这些
But none of the men are paying the slightest attention to that.
这是一幅关于道义的作品 展示的是强壮的肌肉 怒张的血管 还有钢铁般的意志
This is a boys' bonding picture, a tight-packed display of muscle, veins and steel.
唯一飘扬的色彩是披肩的血红色
The only splash of colour is the blood red of that cape.
父亲庄严的宣誓他们要么征服敌人要么死亡
The father solemnly swears them to conquer or die,
他的手掌握着锋利的刀锋
his naked hand on the sharp blade.
至少有六万人将会赶来参观这幅作品
At least 60,000 people would have come to the exhibition to see this painting,
里面不但有要人 还有小店主 泼妇
and not just the bigwigs either, but shopkeepers, fishwives,
整个底层社会的人们都来了
the whole sweaty, growling public.
他们将成为大卫的子民
They would be David's people.
看着由线条构成的死亡在舞动
And they looked at that strange line dance of death,
人们却不知道是否应该感到恐惧
and they didn't know whether to be thrilled or scared.
这种感觉就像在危机来临之前的动员号♥召
It felt like a call to arms in the face of a great crisis.
而这场危机并非发生在古罗马
And that crisis was happening not in ancient Rome, but here and now,
而是此时此地路易十六的法国
in Louis XVI's France.
向先前的其它革命一样 金融体系率先崩溃了
It began, as so many revolutions do, with a financial meltdown.
法国曾经以帮助美国获得独♥立♥而感到骄傲
France had taken pride in helping America to win independence,
但是这让它付出了巨大的代价
but it had come at a huge cost.
避免金融体系的破产就意味着要征收更多的税
Avoiding bankruptcy meant more taxes.
所以老的笨问题又来了
So, awkward questions were being asked
为什么贵族和神职人员就可以免税
about why the nobility and the clergy were tax-exempt,
而穷苦的普通大众就得掏空腰包
while the scarecrow poor were supposed to empty their pockets.
难道我们真是共同生活在一个国家里吗
Wasn't the nation all in it together?
说到国家 一个新概念出现了
The nation? Well, that was a new idea.
既然我们同处一个国家 为什么不选举代表（来替我们行使权利）呢
And while we're at it, how about elected representatives, too?
噢 这并不是说新法国仍然还是君主政体
Oh, it went without saying that the new France would still be a monarchy.
皇后得需要大量的钻石来装饰宫殿
The queen, with all those diamonds, needed putting in her place,
但是我们的国王却还不错
but the king was a good fellow.
我们没有理由要发动一场社会大动♥乱♥
No reason to assume a social apocalypse around the corner.
然而大卫却以为那并不意味着一场小改革就不能起作用
For a while, that's how David himself felt, which didn't mean a little reform wouldn't help.
尸位素餐的家伙实在是太多了
There was a lot of deadwood around.
首先在绘画学院里的这些家伙得滚蛋
For a start, those non-entities at the Academy of Painting, they'd have to go.
当大卫穷困潦倒时 这些人给他吃了四次闭门羹
When he was a struggling artist, they'd rejected him four times.
如今他成功了 这些人简直不能容忍♥他
Now he was successful, they barely tolerated him.
好吧 这些人已经完了 不管怎样 他们已经没有用处了
Well, their time was up. Anyway, he didn't need them any more.
他如今的追随者不但聪明 而且思想自♥由♥
Now he had intelligent, liberal-minded followers.
这里就是其中两个 他们富有 聪慧而且待人和蔼
Here are two of those good eggs, rich, smart and affable.
察明夫妇 安东尼和玛丽.安妮.拉沃歇尔
Mr and Mrs Charming, Antoine and Marie-Anne Lavoisier.
他是一个著名的试验化学家
He is a famous experimental chemist.
地上的长颈瓶是用来测量气体的
That flask on the floor is for measuring gases.
玛丽.安妮在13岁的时候就嫁给了他 她的角色已经不仅仅是妻子这么简单了
Marie-Anne, who'd married him at 13, was more than a wife.
不经意搭在肩头的素手告诉我们她是一个真正的伴侣
That casual hand on his shoulder tells us she was a true partner,
她为丈夫翻译英文文献 还为他的著作创作插图
translating articles from English for him, designing illustrations for his books.
他的钱财虽然来的虽然很辛苦 但是他却有社会道德心
He's filthy rich, but he does have a social conscience.
他捐献了许多钱用在排干沼泽地
A lot of his money has been put into draining swamps
这是为了根除疟疾 类似的事情他做了很多
to eradicate malaria, that sort of thing.
看着这幅肖像 你会认为在大卫眼中
To look at the portrait, you'd think David has captured a vision
这正是应该管治法国的那种人
of the kind of people who ought to be governing France,
仁慈 和蔼可亲 具有现代思想
humane, affectionate and modern.
为了7000里弗 他可没有想着要为另一位化学家拉瓦锡画像
Well, for 7,000 livres, he wasn't even going to hint at the other Lavoisier,
那位化学家可是靠一支私人军队来为他征税敛财的
the one who made money collecting taxes with the help of a private army.
不 大卫接受了他的酬金 但是就要在卢浮宫展示作品时
No, David took his fee, but when the time came for him to show the painting at the Louvre,
他选择了放弃 但是当时他一定会那么做的 不是吗
he ended up withdrawing it. But then he would, wouldn't he?
因为在完成创作与展出开始之间这段时期 法国发生了剧变
Between the paint drying and the show opening, everything in France had changed.
在1789年
It was 1789.
希望与绝望并存
Hope and desperation in equal parts.
希望源自于一个代♥表♥大♥会♥
Hope from a representative assembly,
三♥级♥会议在全国遍地举♥行♥
the Estate's General elected from thousands of meetings all over France.
但是同样也有绝望 因为时机太差
But desperation too, because it was happening at the worst possible time.
粮食欠收 粮价飞涨
Harvest wipeouts, soaring prices.
把希望与绝望放在一起 你会得到什么呢
Put hope and desperation together, and what do you get?
在政♥治♥游戏中这如同一个炸♥药♥包
The political equivalent of nitroglycerine.
当三♥级♥会议于1789年春季在凡尔赛宫举♥行♥的时候
When the Estate's General met here in Versailles, in the spring of 1789,
当到了最后的时候 所有的问题归结成了一个 代表们或是还按老规矩办事
it all boiled down to one question. Would the deputies do it the old way,
会议还分成三个等级进行
meeting as three separate orders,
即贵族 僧侣和平民 抑或采用新的方式
nobles, clergy and commoners, or would they do it the new way,
大家不分等级以一个整体来参加会议
and for the first time come together as a single national assembly?
在平民代表中有一个年轻的律师 名叫罗伯斯皮尔
The commoners, among them a young lawyer, Maximilien Robespierre,
他强调了这一论点
forced the issue,
他宣布他们才是唯一的合法团体
declaring themselves the only legitimate body,
并欢迎贵族和僧侣加入
priests and nobles welcome to join.
众多贵族和僧侣也竟然同意了
A surprising number of them did.
当时是1789年6月20日
It's the 20th June, 1789,
这就像一场晚春的倾盆大雨
and it's one of those late-spring torrential downpours.
于是600名第三等级平民代表
And the 600 deputies of the Third Estate, the commoners,
加上新加入进来的僧侣贵族成员
plus their new allies among the nobles and the clergy,
被锁在了会议厅外面
have been locked out of their meeting hall.
其中有叫吉若丹的医生 他知道附近有个网球场
A certain Doctor Guillotin knows a tennis court quite close by.
巴黎市长 让-西尔凡·巴伊突然就成了演出的主角
The mayor of Paris, Sylvain Bailly, is suddenly the star of the show.
我们向上帝宣誓 祖国永远也不会分♥裂♥
Swear an oath to God and the fatherland never to separate,
直到我们达成一部合理公正的宪法
until we have made a sound and just constitution.
第一次 贵族僧侣和资产阶级
For the first time, aristocrats, clergy and bourgeoisie were meeting together
在没有国王的允许下在一起召开了会议
without the king's permission.
大家伸开手臂 相互拥抱 生命与艺术站在了一起
Arms stretch, bodies embrace, life had caught up with art.
大卫在罗马的醍醐灌顶成就了一个新的法国
David's Rome reborn was the new France.
一年后 大卫开始创作“网球场之誓”
A year later, David got to work on his depiction of the Tennis Court Oath.
画中一派喧闹景象 仿佛能听到大家吼出的誓言
It's a picture filled with noise. The roar of the oath.
仿佛是一场雷电交加的风暴
The crash of a great electrical storm.
这场革命就像一种无法阻挡的自然力量
The Revolution as an unstoppable force of nature.
其中心的空间是如此巨大
And at the centre of it all, an enormous space.
却又不是空荡荡的
Except it's not empty at all.
里面充满了闪电轰鸣狂风呼啸 那是自♥由♥的狂暴能量在活动
It's filled with light and rushing wind, the furious energy of liberty.
这是一种信念
It's an idea.
它是如此巨大 引发了它的人类在它面前显得如此渺小
An idea so big, it dwarfs the humans who enact it.
这幅画的本来是要创作成为一幅大型绘画
The drawing was supposed to be turned into a huge painting.
这只是其中一小部分 但是你也看到了 它到最后也没有完成
This is just a small section of it. But as you can see, it was never finished.
在大卫能为这些裸体模特穿上衣服之前
Before David even had a chance to put clothes on these nude models,
他们其中许多人就被杀死或者羞辱了
many of them would be dead or disgraced.
传递统一与自♥由♥的讯息很快就过时了
The great message of unity and freedom would soon be quaintly out of date.
大家不再相互拥抱 代之以的是相互指指点点
Instead of arms outstretched, there was an epidemic of finger-pointing.
1789年的春天本应为重生的法国带来一个光明的前景
July 1789 ought to have been a moment of golden optimism for the reborn France.
看起来路易十六最终还是接受了“网球场之誓”的结果
Louis XVI seemed finally to have accepted the results of the Tennis Court Oath,
即法国如今有一个国民大会这个事实
that there was now a National Assembly in France.
但是在巴黎皇宫
But here in the Palais Royale, the Speaker's Corner of Paris,
却没有人真正相信他
nobody actually believed him.
人们说国王在巴士底狱秘密的安置了炸♥药♥
People said the king had secretly stocked the fortress of the Bastille with gunpowder,
所以巴黎就等着导火线被点燃了
so Paris was literally a powder keg waiting to happen.
7月14日早晨 大约900名群众汇集到了巴士底
On the morning of July 14th, a crowd of about 900 converged on the grim fortress.
经常都一样 不是吗 有人慌了神开了枪 但是没有人知道是哪一方先开火的
It's always the same, isn't it? Someone panics, there's a first shot. No one knows from where.
大家喊着“杀啊”
Cries of ''Massacre!''
然后是一通猛烈的交火
Then, a serious exchange of fire.
混乱持续了一下午 83人丢了性命 最终政♥府♥交出了巴士底狱
It took an afternoon of chaos and 83 lives before the governor yielded the Bastille.
他被保证会得到安全通行证
He was promised safe conduct.
但是他得到的却是头被刀子割了下来
What he got was his head cut off with a fruit knife.
但是 是谁说革命是不会流血的呢
But then, whoever said revolutions were going to be bloodless?
这里是大卫为斩首行动做出的贡献
Here's David's contribution to the decapitation campaign.
这是他所做过的最黑暗的事情了
It's the darkest thing he ever did.
这次的主角又是一个罗马父亲
It's a Roman father again.
布鲁斯(罗马政♥治♥家,暗♥杀♥恺撒者之一) 他正在黑暗中沉思