罗马帝国：鲜血的统治（2016）

Where did Crassus make his fortunes?
庞培的军队又是从哪里来的？
Where did Pompey win his armies?
在外省会有很多的机会
There's a lot of opportunity in the provinces.
你应该好好利用
Take advantage of it.
赛维莉娅是个极其出色的女人
Servilia is one of the most fascinating women,
不仅仅是在凯撒时代 而是在整个罗马共和国时期
not just of the age of Caesar, but of the entire Roman Republic.
跨越数十年的时间
Across several decades,
她也许能算得上是罗马
she is probably the most important
最重要的幕后政♥治♥人物
back channel politician that Rome had to offer.
随着他执政官角色的终结
With his role as consul ending,
凯撒意识到只有一条路 可以拯救他的政♥治♥生涯
Caesar realizes there is only one way to save his political career.
他必须成为一名征服者
He must become a conqueror.
要做到这一点 他首先需要有一支军队
To do that, Caesar will need an army.
凯撒打算离开罗马
What Caesar wanted for himself
到罗马共和国的某个省去当总督
was to go out and be governor of some province in the Roman Republic
这样他就可以控制一些部队
that would allow him control of some armies
从而他可以出去为共和国
so that he could then go off and conquer
征服一些新的领土
some additional territory for the Republic.
凯撒选择了北方边境的一个省
Caesar picks a province on the northern edge of the Republic
与之交界的领土没有任何 一个罗马将军曾经征服过
that borders the one territory that no Roman general has ever conquered,
这片领土就是高卢
known as Gaul.
超过50万平方公里
Over 200,000 square miles,
高卢领土包含现在的法国和比利时
Gaul comprises the territory of modern-day France and Belgium,
还有瑞士、荷兰以及德国的一部分
as well as parts of Switzerland,the Netherlands, and Germany.
高卢是这个地区对罗马最大的威胁
The Gauls are considered Rome'smost dangerous threat in the region.
为了防止高卢入侵
To keep them from invading,
四个罗马军团在边境巡逻
there are four Roman legions patrolling the border.
罗马人长♥期♥以来对 高卢有一种心理上的恐惧
The Romans had long had a deep psychological fear of the Gauls
因为在共和国成立之初
because one of the most traumatic events in the history of Rome
发生过一起罗马史上最痛苦的事件
is shortly after the founding of the Republic.
高卢部队南下洗劫了罗马
A Gallic army came down and actually sacked Rome.
所以罗马人自己总是有一点害怕
So, the Romans themselves were always a little bit afraid
那些长头发的野蛮人
of the long-haired barbarians.
如果凯撒能征服高卢
If Caesar can conquer Gaul,
他就可以以英雄的姿态回家
he'll return home a hero
夺回让他成为 罗马最有权势的人的职位
and reclaim his placeas one of Rome's most powerful men.
但如果他失败了
But if he fails,
他要不就是死在高卢 要不就是被指控叛国罪
he'll either die in Gaul or be charged with treason
因为未经长老院批准入侵外国
for invading a foreign land without the Senate's approval.
是死罪
A crime punishable by death.
征服高卢
公元前58年
In 58 B.C.,
尤里乌斯·凯撒和他的四个军团 一共两万人
Julius Caesar and his four legions of 20,000 men
跨过边界 入侵高卢
cross the border and invade Gaul.
凯撒无权入侵高卢
Caesar had no authority to invade Gaul.
这都是他自己的主意
He does so off his own back.
他无视元老院 这也看出
He ignores the Senate, and of course that shows
凯撒是多么的雄心勃勃
how ambitious Caesar was.
在他寻求权利和荣耀的路上 他不会被
He was not going to be held back by a few political rules
一些政♥治♥上的繁文缛节所牵绊
in his search for power and glory.
高卢是由分散在这一地区的 诸多部落所组成
The Gauls are made up of tribes scattered throughout the region.
凯撒的计划是在他们联合起来之前 各个击破
Caesar's plan is to attack them, one by one, before they can unite.
向前推进！
Push forward!
通过迅速推进 凯撒和他的部队 获得了一系列的早期胜利
Moving quickly, Caesar and his men claim a string of early victories,
从而让他可以深入该地区
allowing him to push deeper into the region.
凯撒对高卢的征服
Caesar's conquest of Gaul
是有史以来最经典的各个击破的战例
is one of the all-time great examples of divide and conquer.
他从来没有需要面对 一个统一的高卢部队
He never had to face a unified Gallic army, like,
从来没有说 “罗马人来入侵了
"Oh, the Romans are coming to invade us,
我们必须联合起来阻止他们”
we must join together and stop them."
他从来都是可以一点一点地占领
He was always able to do it piecemeal, bit by bit.
分散！
Spread out!
为了保持攻势
To stay on the offensive,
凯撒采取了前所未有的行动
Caesar makes an unprecedented move.
他放弃了罗马的供给线
He abandons the Roman supply lines,
迫使他的部队就地获取补给
forcing his army to live off the land they conquer.
他并没有耗尽来自罗马的补给线
He wasn't running out of supply lines that were coming back from Italy.
他从当地获取食物、水和葡萄酒
He was taking local food, local water, local wine.
我们可以沿着河行军 利用树林隐藏我们的行动
We can trace along the river using the tree line to mask our movements.
我们穿过平原不好吗？
What if we cross through the plains?
这样更加直接
It's more direct.
另外高草可以提供掩护
And the high grass can provide cover.
这种地形更加干燥 我们移♥动♥更快
It's drier terrain. We can move faster.
就按这个线路 标注上去
That's the route. Mark it.
每次遭遇战
With each encounter,
凯撒总能打败对手…
Caesar levels his opponents.
保护侧翼！
Protect the flanks!
公元前56年
And by 56 B.C.,
他征服了大部分今天法国的领土
he has conquered most of present day France.
随着胜利的增加
As the victories mount up,
凯撒开始写信给罗马汇报他的征服
Caesar begins sending word of his conquests back to Rome
这一系列的报告 也就是史称的《高卢评论》
in a series of reports known as the Gallic Commentaries.
凯撒记载了他自己的历史
Caesar writes his own history
他以第三人称的方式叙述 使报告看起来中立而客观
and it describes him in the third person to make them appear neutral and objective.
它们是被设计用来在罗马阅读
They were designed, though, really to be read back in Rome
吸引他的支持者和罗马人♥民♥
and to appeal to his supporters and the Roman people.
当这些报告抵达了共和国
When the reports make their way through the Republic
罗马人♥民♥视凯撒为英雄
the Roman people see Caesar as a hero.
罗马人♥民♥得到了介绍他们征服的
The Romans were introduced first hand
新的领土的第一手资料
to this new territory that they had conquered,
这一处在野蛮与文明边缘的
this new world that seemed on the edge
新世界
of barbarism and civilization,
现在凯撒把这一切带到了他们的面前
all of which had been brought before them now by Caesar.
随着人♥民♥对凯撒的欢迎程度与日俱增
As Caesar's popularity increases with the people,
其他士兵也受到鼓舞来参加战斗
other soldiers are inspired to come join the fight.
其中新来的一位 是一名处在上升期的骑兵将领
One of the new arrivals is a rising cavalry officer
名叫马克·安东尼
named Mark Antony.
马克·安东尼是一名年轻的贵族
Mark Antony was a young noble
在高卢战争时期 他正开始发掘自己的潜力
who at the time of the Gallic wars was just starting to emerge himself.
当安东尼在高卢军团出现的时候
When Antony showed up in the legions in Gaul,
凯撒非常喜欢眼前的这位 年轻的骑兵将领
as a young cavalry officer, Caesar liked what he saw.
他的步兵在这里、这里还有这里
His infantry is here, here, and here.
他试图分散我们的兵力 或者将我们包围
He'll try to divide our ranks or surround us.
从第十军团抽出两个步兵大队 用他们去增援我们的侧翼
Take two cohorts from the 10th and use them to shore up our flanks.
很好！
Good.
在接下来的三年里
Over the next three years,
凯撒打败了沿东西边境的数个部落
Caesar defeats several tribes along the eastern and western borders
继续向北挺进
and continues moving north.
凯撒被几乎无法控制的野心所驱使
Caesar was driven by almost uncontrollable ambition.
他对他取得的成就仍然不满足
He still wasn't satisfied with what he had achieved,
他还要更多
he still wanted more.
凯撒甚至跨越了高卢的边界
Caesar even moves beyond the borders of Gaul,
命令军队进入日耳曼尼亚和不列颠
ordering troops into Germania and Britain,
比他以前的任何罗马征服者走得更远
going further than any Roman conquer before him.
你低估了他
You underestimated him.
我们都低估了他
We both did.
不可否认
There's no denying.
征服高卢是一个成就
It's an accomplishment. Conquering Gaul.
侵略高卢
Invading Gaul.
他没有征服任何东西
He's yet to conquer anything.
如果他作为一个征服者 带着他的军队和财富回来…
If he returns as a conqueror, with his own army, his own fortune--
迟早他会犯错 会没命的
Sooner or later he'll make a mistake, and get himself killed.
这只是个时间问题
It's only a matter of time.
我们当初不应该把他派出去
We should have never sent him away.
庞培和克拉苏视凯撒的人气 为一个直接威胁
Pompey and Crassus see Caesar's popularity as a direct threat
也许现在凯撒已经比他们谁都强大
that Caesar is now perhaps more powerful than the rest of them.
在这样的处境下 他越来越可以为所欲为
And in that position, he can do increasingly what he wants.
你在笑什么？
What are you smiling about?
源于对凯撒成功的嫉妒
Envious of Caesar's success,
克拉苏认定他自己需要一个军事胜利
Crassus decides he needs a military victory of his own...
于是他出兵中东 去征服帕提亚王国
and sets off for the Middle Eastto conquer the kingdom of Parthia.