终结一切战争：奥本海默和原子弹（2023）

查尔斯·奥本海默：我可能想读
CHARLES OPPENHEIMER: I might like to read
我祖父对此是怎么说的。
what my grandfather said about it.
他在演讲中说，
This is a speech where he said,
“但是当你认真对待它时，
But when you come right down to it,
“我们做这项工作的原因
the reason that we did this job
“是因为它是一种有机的必需品。
is because it was an organic necessity.
“如果你是一名科学家，你就无法阻止这样的事情。
If you are a scientist, you cannot stop such a thing.
“如果你是一名科学家，你就会相信
If you are a scientist, you believe
“了解世界如何运作是件好事，
that it's good to find out how the world works,
“了解现实是件好事，
that it's good to find out what realities are,
“移交给人类是件好事
that it's good to turn over to mankind
“控制世界的最大可能力量
the greatest possible power to control the world
并根据它的光芒和价值观来处理它。”
and deal with it according to its lights and values.
他并不后悔自己在战争期间的角色和工作，
He didn't regret his role and work during the war,
但不久之后他就如此强烈地转向管理
but he soon after turns so strongly towards managing
他们创造的科学成果。
the outcome of the science they created.
伯德：他决定他不想要
BIRD: He decides he doesn't want
继续努力制♥造♥更多炸♥弹♥。
to work any longer on building more bombs.
他从洛斯阿♥拉♥莫斯辞职，并接受了一个职位
He resigns from Los Alamos, and he accepts a position
作为普林斯顿高等研究院院长，
as director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton,
可以说，他在那里成为了爱因斯坦的老板。
where he becomes Einstein's boss, so to speak.
他可能是美国最著名的科学家
He's probably the most famous scientist in America,
他正试图利用名人的地位
and he's trying to use that celebrity status
具有影响力。
to have influence.
他在椭圆形办公室与哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 有个约会。
He gets an appointment with Harry Truman in the Oval Office.
奥本海默的议程是说服
Oppenheimer's agenda is to persuade
哈里·杜鲁门 (Harry Truman) 阐述了控制这项技术的重要性。
Harry Truman of the importance of controlling this technology.
他开始做这个宣传。
And he starts to make this pitch.
杜鲁门问了他一个问题，说道：
And Truman interrupts him with a question, saying,
“好吧，奥本海默博士，你认为俄♥罗♥斯♥人什么时候会
Well, Dr. Oppenheimer, when do you think the Russians
会得到这种大规模杀伤性武器吗？”
are going to get this weapon of mass destruction?
奥本海默对这个问题有点吃惊
And Oppenheimer is sort of taken aback by the question
并说：“好吧，我不确定，但在未来的某个时候。”
and says, Well, I'm not sure but sometime in the future.
杜鲁门再次打断他说：“好吧，我知道。永远不会。”
And Truman interrupts again and says, Well, I know. Never.
这时候，奥比就明白了
At that point, Oppie understands
哈里·杜鲁门什么都不懂
that Harry Truman doesn't understand anything
关于这种武器的物理原理。
about the physics of this weapon.
奥本海默在这一点上说的是完全错误的事情。
And Oppenheimer, at that point, says exactly the wrong thing.
罗德斯：他确实冒犯了杜鲁门总统
RHODES: He really offended President Truman
他说：“总统先生，我手上沾满了鲜血。”
by saying, Mr. President, I have blood on my hands.
伯德：这完全是错误的事情
BIRD: This is exactly the wrong thing
对做出决定的人说
to say to the guy who made the decision
向两个日本城市投掷两枚此类炸♥弹♥。
to drop two such bombs on two Japanese cities.
他试图给杜鲁门留下深刻印象。
He was trying to impress Truman.
他认为这是杜鲁门想听的话，
He thought it was something that Truman would like to hear,
他犯了很多错误。
and he got that wrong a lot.
我的意思是，奥本海默对很多人来说都很有魅力，
I mean, Oppenheimer was very charming to a lot of people,
但他常常并不迷人
but he was often not charming
对领导者和对他有权力的人。
to leaders and people who had power over him.
韦勒斯坦：杜鲁门不相信
WELLERSTEIN: Truman didn't believe
任何人的责任都比他的更大。
that anybody's responsibility was greater than his.
杜鲁门只是说：“把那个家伙赶出我的办公室。
Truman was just, Get that guy out of my office.
我是做出决定的人。”
I was the one who made the decision.
伯德：他非常突然地结束了会议
BIRD: He ends the meeting very abruptly
后来告诉他的助手，
and later tells his aides that,
“我不想再见到那个爱哭鬼科学家了。”
I don't want to see that crybaby scientist ever again.
我认为这是我们未来安全的唯一希望
I think the only hope for our future safety
必须在于合作，
must lie in a collaboration,
基于信心和诚意，
based on confidence and good faith,
与世界其他人♥民♥。
with the other peoples of the world.
斯♥诺♥登：奥本海默，爆♥炸♥发生后不久，
SNOWDEN: Oppenheimer, very early after the bombings,
是推荐团队的一员
was a part of the team to recommend
国际裁军。
international disarmament.
但精灵已经从瓶子里出来了。
But the genie was out of the bottle.
正确的？ 拥有这个的人
Right? Those who possess this
将能够塑造世界秩序。
will be able to shape the world order.
苏联很快就注意到了这一点。
And very quickly, the Soviet Union took note.
诺里斯：苏联在 1949 年测试了炸♥弹♥
NORRIS: The Soviets tested a bomb in 1949
让几乎所有人都震惊了。
to the shock of almost everyone.
新闻片旁白：杜鲁门总统的戏剧性宣布
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: President Truman's dramatic announcement
俄♥罗♥斯♥制♥造♥了原♥子♥弹♥爆♥炸♥
that Russia has created an atomic explosion
派记者奔赴法拉盛草地，
sends reporters racing for Flushing Meadow,
俄♥罗♥斯♥维辛斯基抵达联♥合♥国♥发表讲话……
where Russia's Vyshinsky arrives to address the United Nations...
这让美国处于非常复杂的境地
This puts the U.S. in a really complicated position,
因为它不再是唯一拥有核武器的国家。
because it's no longer the only country with nuclear weapons.
突然之间，你就有了可能
Suddenly, you have the possibility
如果两国之间爆发核武器战争
that if war with nuclear weapons broke out between two states
有相当数量的人，
that had a fair number of them,
他们可以在几个小时内摧毁自己。
they could, in a matter of hours, destroy themselves.
新闻片旁白：我们现在必须做好准备，
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: We must all get ready now,
所以我们知道如何拯救自己
so we know how to save ourselves
如果原♥子♥弹♥在我们附近爆♥炸♥。
if the atomic bomb ever explodes near us.
以及可能的选择之一
And one of the possible options
科学家和政策人士游说
scientists and policy people lobbied for
下一步是制♥造♥氢弹。
was to build the hydrogen bomb as the sort of next step.
斯♥诺♥登：广岛和长崎原♥子♥弹♥爆♥炸♥
SNOWDEN: The Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs
大约有15吨♥TNT，
were on the order of 15 kilotons of TNT,
这本身就是一个不小的数字。
which is no small number in and of itself.
当你开始谈论氢弹时
When you start talking about hydrogen bombs,
现在我们谈论的是百万吨♥级。
now we're talking about megatons.
我们正在谈论一百万吨♥ TNT。
We're talking about a million tons of TNT.
它们是截然不同的。
They're categorically different.
比你看到的任何东西都强一千倍
A thousand times stronger than anything you'd see
在广岛和长崎的原♥子♥弹♥爆♥炸♥中。
in a Hiroshima and Nagasaki bomb.
否则：用一枚非常大的氢弹，
ELSE: With one very large hydrogen bomb,
你可以杀死尽可能多的人
you can kill about as many people
就像所有在第二次世界大战中丧生的人一样。
as all of the people killed in World War II.
奥本海默认为这没有任何用处。
And Oppenheimer could not see any use for that.
他称其为种族灭绝武器。
He called it a genocidal weapon.
爱德华·特勒：战争结束时，大多数人都想停止。
EDWARD TELLER: At the end of the war, most people wanted to stop.
我没有。
I did not.
在认识的人中
Among the people who knew
关于氢弹的很多内容，
a great deal about the hydrogen bomb,
我是唯一的倡导者。
I was the only advocate of it.
罗德斯：爱德华·泰勒是匈牙利犹太人
RHODES: Edward Teller was a Hungarian Jew
他逃离匈牙利来到美国。
who escaped from Hungary and came to the United States.
第二次世界大战期间，泰勒在洛斯阿♥拉♥莫斯工作，
During World War II, Teller worked at Los Alamos,
但他开始沉迷于氢弹的想法
but he became obsessed with the idea of the hydrogen bomb,
甚至在他们拥有原♥子♥弹♥之前。
even before they had the atomic bomb.
赫肯：泰勒确实非常考虑过原♥子♥弹♥
HERKEN: Teller did very much consider the atomic bomb
是奥本海默的创造，
to be Oppenheimer's creation,
他想要更大更好的东西。
and he wanted something that was bigger and better.
科南特：奥本海默对泰勒说，
CONANT: And Oppenheimer said to Teller,
“回去研究物理，但不要建造这个。
Go back to doing physics, but don't build this.
没有必要。”
There's no need for it.
罗兹：奥本海默负责一个委员会
RHODES: Oppenheimer was in charge of a committee
在华盛顿召开的会议决定：
that had been put together in Washington to decide:
我们应该做什么？
What should we do?
我们应该制♥造♥氢弹吗？
Should we build a hydrogen bomb?
这是一个问题
That is a question
在每个人的心目中，奥本海默博士。
in everybody's mind, Dr. Oppenheimer.
我们是否正在创造一些我们无法控制的东西？
Are we creating something we may not be able to control?
尝试做出的决定
The decision to try to make
或者不制♥造♥氢弹
or not to make the hydrogen bomb
触及我们道德的基础。
touch the very basis of our morality.
委员会的决定基本上是，
And the committee decision was basically,
不，我们不应该建造氢弹。
no, we shouldn't build the hydrogen bomb.
如果我们仅仅受到恐惧的引导，
If we are guided by fear alone,
在这个危机时刻我们会失败。
we'll fail in this time of crisis.
恐惧的答案有时在于勇气。
The answer to fear sometimes lies in courage.