终结一切战争：奥本海默和原子弹（2023）

“我从来没有做过任何事
I never did anything
“或想到任何事或认识任何人
or thought anything or knew anyone
我对自己并没有感到最深的厌恶。”
where I didn't feel about myself the deepest loathing.
JENNET CONANT：奥本海默出生于 1904 年
JENNET CONANT: Oppenheimer was born in 1904
并进入一个充满科学可能性的时代。
and into an age of great scientific possibility.
20世纪前二十年
The first two decades of the 20th century
这是令人难以置信的知识大胆的时期。
were periods of incredible intellectual daring.
电力、汽车、飞行
Electricity, automobiles, flight
都在改变着日常生活。
were all transforming daily life.
然后你在科学上取得了令人难以置信的进步，
And then you had incredible advances in science,
看起来像
and it looks like
几乎任何事情都可以实现。
almost anything could be achieved.
大卫·艾森巴♥赫♥：罗伯特·奥本海默的故事
DAVID EISENBACH: Story of Robert Oppenheimer
这确实是美国移♥民♥的故事。
is really the story of immigrant America.
他的父亲从德国过来，
His father comes over from Germany,
在服装行业找到一份工作
gets a job in the garment industry
并赚了一大笔钱，
and makes a tremendous amount of money,
最终到达上西区的河畔大道。
winds up on the Upper West Side on Riverside Drive.
他有一幅毕加索的作品，还有三幅梵高的作品。
And he's got a Picasso, and he's got three van Goghs.
HERKEN：他的母亲是一位在巴黎接受训练的艺术家
HERKEN: His mother was a Paris-trained artist
她在曼哈顿的各个画廊展出了她的作品。
who exhibited her work at various galleries in Manhattan.
罗德斯：她是一个紧张的人。
RHODES: She was a nervous person.
她真的不让这个小男孩出去。
She really didn't let this little boy go outside.
伯德：他受到了很大的庇护
BIRD: And he was very sheltered
并且在社交上极其尴尬。
and extremely socially awkward.
罗兹：有一年夏天，当他终于去露营时，他表现得非常糟糕
RHODES: When he finally went to camp one summer, he was so nasty
告诉其他孩子，他们粗暴地对待了他。
to the other kids that they roughed him up.
他说后来他们把他赤身裸体地关在冰窖里一整晚
He said later they put him in the icehouse all night naked
并把他涂成绿色，
and painted him green,
包括他的生殖器。
including his genitals.
奇怪的是，奥本海默没有抗♥议♥。
Oddly enough, Oppenheimer didn't protest.
他只是坚忍♥地接受了惩罚。
He just took his punishment stoically.
这是一个非常奇怪的反应
It was a very odd reaction
对于那个年纪的小男孩来说。
for a young boy at that age.
罗德斯：想象一下这个敏感的男孩，这个非常聪明的男孩，
RHODES: Imagine this sensitive boy, this very smart boy,
但不知道如何与他人打交道的人。
but one who has no idea how to deal with other people.
当然不是和他同龄的孩子。
Certainly not with children his own age.
他是没有经验的。
He's had no experience.
亚历克斯·韦勒斯坦：真正的核心心理时刻
ALEX WELLERSTEIN: The real core psychological moment
对于奥本海默来说，这似乎是在他上大学的时候。
for Oppenheimer appears to have been when he was in college.
他去剑桥学习物理，
And he goes to study physics at Cambridge,
而且他做得不太好。
and he doesn't do very well.
他最终来到了一个实验室
He ends up in a laboratory
这实际上是关于实验物理学的
that's really about experimental physics,
他不擅长这个。
and he is not good at that.
他真的不知道如何用手做实验。
He doesn't really know how to do an experiment with his hands.
他有这种信任危机。
And he has this sort of crisis of confidence.
伯德：当他……的时候，事情就到了紧要关头。
BIRD: This came to a head when he had a...
我认为只能描述
what I think can only be described
就像神经衰弱一样。
as a nervous breakdown.
他的一个朋友在一间空荡荡的教室里偶然发现了他
One of his friends stumbled upon him in an empty classroom
奥本海默站在黑板前。
where Oppenheimer was standing at the blackboard.
艾森巴♥赫♥：一遍又一遍地自言自语，
EISENBACH: Muttering to himself over and over again,
“重点是，重点是，重点是。”
The point is, the point is, the point is.
伯德：他永远无法把这句话说完。
BIRD: And he could never finish the sentence.
马丁·J·舍温：然后是他的另一位朋友
MARTIN J. SHERWIN: And then another one of his friends
走进他的宿舍，听到里面有呻♥吟♥声
went to his dorm room and heard this moaning inside
并打开门，
and opened the door,
奥本海默处于胎儿姿势，
and there was Oppenheimer in a fetal position,
来回翻滚，呻♥吟♥着。
rolling back and forth, groaning.
他确实很接近
He literally came close
到那时自杀。
to committing suicide at that point.
艾森巴♥赫♥：因此他去看了精神科医生，
EISENBACH: He saw a psychiatrist as a result of this,
精神科医生说
and the psychiatrist said
他有点生活在自己的世界里。
that he's kind of living in his own world.
罗德斯：他遇到了身份危机，
RHODES: He was having an identity crisis,
我们现在比当时更清楚这一点。
something we're clearer about these days than we were then.
伯德：他的父母带他去了巴黎，
BIRD: His parents took him to Paris,
在那里他又见到了另一位心理学家，
where he saw yet another psychologist,
并且以非常法国的方式，
and in a very French way,
给职业女性开了一杯红酒。
prescribed a professional woman and red wine.
所以...
So...
呃，我们不知道是否发生过这种情况。
Uh, we don't know if that happened.
宣威：他一直是班上的尖子生，
SHERWIN: He had always been the top of the class,
最聪明的人，
the smartest person,
因他的智力而受到钦佩
admired for his intellectual capability
被他所有的同学。
by all his classmates.
突然之间，他就变成了一个无能的人。
And suddenly, he was an incompetent.
那时他无法处理这个问题。
And he just couldn't deal with that at that point.
是什么让他摆脱了困境
And what snapped him out of that
是他对理论物理学、量子物理学的发现。
was his discovery of theoretical physics, of quantum physics.
当时，这是物理学的黄金时代。
At the time, it was sort of the golden age of physics.
对于一名理论家来说，这是一个非常激动人心的时刻。
It's a very exciting time to be a theorist.
如果你年轻、反应敏捷、愿意思考
And if you are young and quick and willing to think
别人从未想到过的奇怪想法，
weird ideas that nobody else has ever thought,
你可能会取得巨大的进步
you can potentially make a huge amount of progress
以及你自己的名字。
and a name for yourself.
伯德：所以，当奥本海默决定搬家时
BIRD: So, when Oppenheimer decided to move
前往德国哥廷根留学
to Göttingen in Germany to study
与理论物理学家马克斯·玻恩 (Max Born) 一起，
with Max Born, a theoretical physicist,
他绽放了。
he blossomed.
他会见了一些顶尖的物理学家
He meets some of the leading physicists
当时在德国——
in Germany at the time--
讽刺的是，海森堡
Heisenberg, who, ironically enough,
将领导德国原♥子♥弹♥项目。
would lead the German atomic bomb project.
韦勒斯坦：当他在那儿时，
WELLERSTEIN: And while he's over there,
奥比的性格是他发明的。
he sort of invents this Oppie personality.
这就是他得名的地方。
This is where he gets the name.
他们叫他 Opje，这变成了 Oppie。
They call him Opje, and this turns into Oppie.
奥皮并不是一个缺乏安全感的美国年轻人
And Oppie is not an insecure young American
谁并不真正知道自己想做什么。
who doesn't really know what he wants to do.
奥比是个聪明人
Oppie is the brilliant guy
他总是比其他人领先五步
who is always five steps ahead of everybody else
并能把一切都记在脑子里。
and can keep everything in his head.
奥比是一个非常古怪又有趣的天才
Oppie is a genius who's very eccentric and interesting
身材非常潇洒，而且还不停地抽烟。
and strikes a really dashing figure and is chain-smoking.
你可以看到他 20 年代的这些照片。
And you see these pictures of him from the '20s.
这是非常鲍勃迪伦。
It's very Bob Dylan.
另外：他有旧约先知的眼睛
ELSE: He had the eyes of an Old Testament prophet
在这脆弱的身体里，
inside this frail body,
他用他那滑稽的小动作挺起身子
and he sort of cocked himself with his funny little
猪肉馅饼帽子在上面。
porkpie hat on top.
WELLERSTEIN：所以，Oppie 就是这种结构
WELLERSTEIN: So, Oppie is this sort of construction
他想成为的一切。
of everything that he would want to be.
这次娱乐活动非常成功。
And that recreation is immensely successful.
新闻片旁白：当纳粹的癌症蔓延时
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: When the cancerous Nazi growth
传播得更远，欧洲人♥民♥——
spread farther still, the people of Europe--
与世界——进入新时代。
and the world-- enter the new era.
罗德斯：当然是科学家的首要动机
RHODES: Certainly the first motivation for the scientists
是为了击败德国人获得炸♥弹♥。
was to beat the Germans to the bomb.
没有什么比被绞死更好的了
There's nothing like the prospect of a hanging
集中精神。
to concentrate the mind.
以及他们所知道的文明死亡的威胁
And the threat of death of civilization as they knew it
太伟大了，它扫除了任何伦理或道德上的疑虑
was so great that it swept away any ethical or moral doubts
他们可能已经拥有了。
that they might have had.
韦勒斯坦：最终，谁先拿到炸♥弹♥
WELLERSTEIN: Ultimately, whoever gets the bomb first
不仅仅是要赢得第二次世界大战
is not just gonna win World War II
但他会统治整个世界。
but is gonna run the entire world.
新闻短片旁白：到 1942 年夏天，
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: By the summer of 1942,
原♥子♥弹♥项目的控制权移交给陆军，
control of the atom bomb project passes to the hands of the Army,