终结一切战争：奥本海默和原子弹（2023）

罗德：突然间……
RHODES: And all of a sudden...
……整个地方都亮了。
...the whole place lit up.
一位科学家告诉我
One of the scientists told me
感觉就像有人打开了烤箱门。
it felt as if someone had opened an oven door.
突然间，一股巨大的热量袭来，
Suddenly, there was this huge heat,
这是辐射热，
which was radiant heat,
所以它也以光速到来，
so it came at the speed of light as well,
然后是滚滚雷鸣般的声音，
and then this rolling thunder of sound,
第一朵蘑菇云开始升起。
and the first mushroom cloud started going up.
它是橙色、紫色、蓝色和黄色，
It was orange and purple and blue and yellow,
它翻腾起来，一边升一边长大。
and it roiled, and it grew as it rose.
他说，地球上创造了一种新事物，
And a new thing, he said, had been created on the Earth,
人类面临的新挑战。
a new challenge for humanity.
新年伊始：人们看到了爆♥炸♥
NYE: People had seen explosions
并测试了数十年的炸♥弹♥，但为了看看它的大小，
and tested bombs for decades, but to see the size of it,
只是……这实在是太惊人了。
just... it was just astonishing.
诺兰：从来没有过这样的时刻
NOLAN: There's never been a moment like that
在世界历史上。
in the history of the world.
对世界的看法，对事物本质的看法，
The view of the world, the view of what matter is,
我们的构成确实发生了明显的变化。
what we are made of indeed, palpably changes.
这是一种前所未有的力量的释放
It's an unleashing of a, of a force never before imagined
从此以后就再也不能被忽视了。
and could never be ignored from this point on.
奥本海默：我们知道世界将会不一样。
OPPENHEIMER: We knew the world would not be the same.
几人笑了。
A few people laughed.
有几个人哭了。
A few people cried.
大多数人都沉默了。
Most people were silent.
我记得印度教经♥文♥中的一句话，
I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture,
薄伽梵歌♥。
the Bhagavad Gita.
毗湿奴...
Vishnu...
……正试图说服王子
...is trying to persuade the prince that
他应该履行他的职责，
he should do his duty,
并给他留下深刻的印象，
and to impress him,
呈现出他的多臂形态并说道：
takes on his multiarmed form and says,
“现在我变成了死亡，世界的毁灭者。”
Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.
我想我们都这么认为，不管怎样。
I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.
**
* *
卡尔：测试结束后，奥本海默就这样昂首阔步。
CARR: After the test was over, Oppenheimer had this strut.
就像正午一样。
It was likeHigh Noon.
他已经做到了。
He had done it.
奥本海默对这一成就感到非常自豪。
Oppenheimer was very proud of this accomplishment.
这是一个改变世界的时刻
It was a world-changing moment,
许多科学家意识到了这一点。
and a lot of the scientists realized that.
现在生意来了
Now came the business of
政♥府♥将如何处理他们的创作。
what the government would do with their creation.
科南特：格罗夫斯赶紧回来
CONANT: Groves hurried back
到他的华盛顿办公室并电报了这一消息
to his Washington office and cabled the news
炸♥弹♥实验已经成功
that the bomb experiment had been a success
而且比他们预想的还要强大。
and even more powerful than they had anticipated.
该信息被传送给杜鲁门，他...
This information is transmitted to Truman, who...
波茨坦的整个态度都发生了变化。
entire attitude changes at Potsdam.
他突然感觉自己胜利在望了。
He suddenly feels like he has a win in-in sight.
他突然开始对斯大林发号♥施令。
He suddenly starts bossing around Stalin.
他决定日本人不会得到任何让步。
He decides the Japanese get no concessions whatsoever.
杜鲁门知道这个存在
Truman had known that this existed
自从他成为总统以来，但要知道它确实有效
since he became president, but to know it actually works
而且它的威力比我们想象的还要强大
and it's even more powerful than we thought,
这对他来说是一个非常不同的位置。
that's a really different position for him to be in.
我们的要求过去是，现在仍然是，
Our demand has been, and it remains,
无条件投降！ -
unconditional surrender! -
NYE：我的妈妈和爸爸
NYE: My mom and dad
都是二战老兵 我妈妈
were both veterans of World War II, and my mom,
她说：“你知道，之后...
she said, You know, after...
“这件事发生了四年之后，
after four years of this thing,
“真的没有人……没有人去，
there was nobody really... there was nobody going,
“使用核武器合乎道德吗？”
'Was it ethical to use a-a nuclear weapon?'
正确的？ 就这样结束吧。
Right? Just get it over with.
这太可怕了。 像这样 -
This is horrible. Like, this--
无论你能做什么来缩短这件事。
Whatever you can do to shorten this thing.
每个人都感到恐惧和疲惫，
Everybody was terrified and exhausted,
每个人都认识某个认识某人的人
and everybody knew somebody who knew somebody
谁因此而不再活着。
who was not living anymore because of this.
否则：随着炸♥弹♥准备就绪，
ELSE: With the bomb ready to go,
我的意思是，这些选择令人震惊。
I mean, the choices are appalling.
你知道，他们非常清楚，如果他们使用
You know, they know perfectly well that if they use
这些武器袭击了城市里的日本男人、女人和儿童，
these weapons on Japanese men, women and children in cities,
将会有几十万人死亡。
there are gonna be a couple hundred thousand people who die.
但如果他们不用炸♥弹♥来阻止战争
But if they don't stop the war with the bomb,
可能还有数百万人死亡。
there may be millions more that die.
所以这似乎是两个选择，
So those seem to be the two choices,
但还有第三种选择
but there was a third choice,
第三个选择是做示范。
and the third choice was to do a demonstration.
也许在东京湾投下这枚炸♥弹♥，杀死很少的人，
Maybe drop this bomb in Tokyo Bay, kill very few people,
进行一场地狱般的示♥威♥，
make a hell of a demonstration,
也许日本人会投降
and maybe the Japanese will surrender
只是因为见识过这东西的凶猛威力。
just based on having seen the ferocious power of this thing.
奥本海默拒绝了，呃，那当然，
Oppenheimer rejected, uh, that course,
华盛顿的规划者也是如此。
as did the planners in Washington.
奥本海默：我们确实考虑过，呃，
OPPENHEIMER: We did think about whether, uh,
它的破坏力，呃，
its destructiveness, uh,
它的危险，呃，
its danger, uh,
可以形象地表现出来
could be vividly demonstrated
在一个荒芜且无人居住的目标上空，
over a barren and uninhabited target,
我们对此非常怀疑。
and we were very doubtful of that.
很少有人能有更透彻的理解
Very few people would have had a more thorough understanding
比 J·罗伯特·奥本海默 (J. Robert Oppenheimer) 更了解即将发生的事情
than J. Robert Oppenheimer of what was about to unfold
当这些武器在战斗中使用时。
when these weapons were used in combat.
奥本海默沉思着，知道
Oppenheimer contemplated, knowing that
这种破坏将是超凡脱俗的。
this destruction would be unworldly.
伯德：他的秘书安妮·威尔逊告诉我这个故事
BIRD: His secretary, Anne Wilson, told me this story
我至今仍为之震惊。
that I'm still struck by.
经过三位一体的考验后，
After the Trinity test,
有一天，她和罗伯特一起步行去上班。
she's walking to work one day with Robert.
他在她前面几步，突然低声说道：
He's a few steps ahead of her, and he's suddenly muttering,
“那些可怜的小人物，那些可怜的小人物。”
Those poor little people, those poor little people.
她阻止了他，说道：“罗伯特，你在嘀咕什么？”
She stops him and says, Robert, what are you muttering about?
他看着她，然后解释说，
And he looked at her and-and explained that,
你知道，炸♥弹♥将会被使用
you know, the bomb was going to be used
在日本的一两个城市，
on a Japanese city or two,
受害者将是
and the victims were going to be
平民，整个城市。
civilians, a whole city.
这显然在他的脑海里，痛苦地在他的脑海里。
This was obviously on his mind, painfully on his mind.
然而我们知道，就在同一周，他正在与将军们会面
And yet we know, that same week, he was meeting with the generals
负责轰炸任务的人
who were in charge of the bombing mission,
他正在指导他们
and he was instructing them
炸♥弹♥应该如何投掷
exactly how the bomb should be dropped
以及应该在什么高度引爆
and at what altitude it should be detonated
以达到最大的破坏力。
for the maximum destructive power.
韦勒斯坦：很难调和敏感、
WELLERSTEIN: It's hard to reconcile the sensitive,
道德正直、人文教授
morally upright, humanistic professor
和建议向城市投掷炸♥弹♥的人在一起
with the guy who recommends that the bomb is dropped on cities
并正在计算理想高度
and is calculating the ideal height
毁坏房♥屋，对吗？
for destroying houses, right?
你如何调和这两件事？
How do you reconcile those two things?
我认为，部分原因是奥本海默希望
Part of it is, I think, Oppenheimer hoping that
这不是第一次使用核武器，
this will not be the first use of nuclear weapons,
这将是最后一次使用核武器。
that it will be the last use of nuclear weapons.
如果是这样的话，
And if that's the case,
然后为了保证它们是最后一次使用，
then in order to ensure that they're the last use,
你希望它尽可能糟糕、丑陋和可怕。
you want it to be as bad and ugly and horrible as possible.
罗兹：到 1945 年 8 月，
RHODES: By August of 1945,