恶（2013）

Vice S04E12

Part 2 May 7, 2021, 11:29 a.m.

导致15人的死亡
killing 15 people.
在2014年一月
In January of 2014,
接近12个持枪袭击者乘坐摩托车突袭了
close to a dozen gunmen on motorbikes attacked
卡拉奇的一个小儿麻痹治疗组织导致3名接种员的死亡
a polio team in Karachi, killing three vaccinators.
萨尔玛贾法尔幸存下来了
Salma Jaffar was lucky to survive.
你知道他们是专门来袭击
Do you know if they specifically came after you
你以及你的同事们的吗
and targeted you and your colleagues?
你还会回到这个工作岗位上吗
Would you go back to doing the same work again?
阿斯玛特阿♥拉♥在2015年被袭击
Asmat Ara was attacked in 2015,
在半夜
when five men broke into her house
五个男人闯进她的家
in the middle of the night.
他们在袭击过程中有说什么
Did they say anything throughout the attack
让你觉得你被袭击
that made you think it was
是因为你是小儿麻痹疫苗接种员
because of your work as a polio vaccinator?
你想再回到你的工作吗
Do you want to go back to your work,
继续给孩子们接种小儿麻痹疫苗
giving the polio vaccine to children?
尽管发生了这么多次袭击还是会有些异常勇敢的女人
Despite these attacks, exceptionally brave women
坚持回到岗位上继续工作
keep going out and knocking on doors.
这儿是奥兰吉卡拉奇的一个普什图族街区
This is Orangi, a Pashtun neighborhood in Karachi,
曾经对疫苗接种者存在许多抗拒的地方
which historically has had lots of resistance to the vaccinators.
就在一年前因为从事疫苗工作
Just a year ago, one of them was assassinated
这儿有个接种员被暗♥杀♥了
in this neighborhood for doing this work.
在袭击发生后
Immediately after the attack,
对你和你的团队有什么影响
what effect did it have on you and your team?
卡丽简直不可思议
Khalida is just incredible.
一个女人主动承担起这样的领头角色
To see a woman taking as much of a leading role as she is,
并劝说那些拒绝接受疫苗的人
and arguing back against people who refuse the vaccine-- men--
仅仅靠一辆四轮车
and bombing around on a quad bike
在这片地区真是闻所未闻
is unheard of in this area.
这会让你认为你可以劝服每个人吗
Does this make you think you can convince everybody?
卡丽和她的同伴已经让事情有了好转
Khalida and her colleagues have turned things around,
现在她们几乎已经取得了抗拒疫苗战役的胜利
and they are now close to winning the war against polio.
埃利亚斯都瑞医生在过去的二十年里
Dr. Elias Durry has been instrumental
在这场全球性的根除小儿麻♥痹♥的♥战役中
in the global fight to eradicate polio
起了很大的作用
for the last two decades.
本季早期节目中我们看到了美国制♥造♥的集束炸♥弹♥
Earlier this season, we looked at the devastating effects
所造成的一些毁灭性事件
that American-made cluster bombs
给也门居民带来了灾难
were having on the civilian populations in Yemen.
但是我们想来看看在世界上其他国家
But we wanted to take a look at the larger picture
未爆♥炸♥的炸♥弹♥的更清晰的图片
of unexploded munitions in other parts of the world.
所以我们来到了东南亚
so we went to Southeast Asia,
每天这些百万计富有争议的武器
where millions of these controversial weapons
仍在夺去人们的生命
are still taking lives, every day.
我刚刚跨过泰缅边境
I just crossed the Thai-Burmese border.
我现在正位于克伦邦
I'm in... Karen State.
我正和KNLA在一起
I'm embedded with the KNLA--
也就是克伦民族解♥放♥军♥
that's the Karen National Liberation Army.
那些叛军和缅♥甸♥政♥府♥
These rebels are locked in a
持续了长达几十年的内战
decades-long civil war with the Burmese government.
双方都使用了最原始
Both sides have used one of the most primitive
但最致命的武器之一地雷
but deadly kinds of indiscriminate weapons: land mines.
我询问了这些士兵有关地雷的事
I asked the soldiers about land mines,
是他们制♥造♥出来的
and they produced this.
他们携带的是
This is a homemade land mine
自♥制♥地雷
that they carry with them.
这个小木件是块压力板
This little wooden part acts as a pressure plate.
一旦有人踩中了就会爆♥炸♥
When somebody steps on it, this thing goes boom.
但是这种缅♥甸♥政♥府♥所放置的
But the problem with these homemade weapons
自♥制♥地雷和军用级炸♥药♥
and the military-grade
导致的问题是
explosives that the Burmese government is planting,
平民百姓往往被其威力所伤害
is that it's often the civilian population who sees their impact.
在附近的村庄里
In nearby villages,
我们见到了一些平民受害者
we met some of these civilian victims.
这些武器通常被使用在
These weapons are often used in areas
当地居民缺乏
where the local people lack
生活物资的地区
the proper resources to treat their condition.
所以对于缅♥甸♥的受害者来说那通常意味着
So for victims in Burma, that often means traveling
到隔壁泰国去可以得到帮助
to neighboring Thailand just to get help.
当马妙胜踩到地雷时才18岁
Ma Mya Win was 18 when she triggered a land mine.
帕安诊所在过去的十年内已经为成百上千的
The Hpa-an Clinic has provided physical therapy
地雷受害者提供了物理治疗
to hundreds of land mine victims in the last decade.
他们中的许多人都有
Many of them show up with crude, makeshift prosthetics
自己制♥作♥的粗糙的临时假肢
that they've constructed on their own.
这些就是自♥制♥的假肢
These are homemade prosthetics?
这仅仅是一个杆加
And this is just a rod and--
一个滚珠轴承
and a ball bearing.
太可怕了
Crazy.
这种假肢一直处于急需中
These limbs are in constant demand,
因为就像约书亚莫泽医生向我们解释的那样
because, as Dr. Yeshua Moser explained to us,
来自未爆♥炸♥武器的威胁
the threat from unexploded ordnance
在一场战争结束后大概要持续几十年
can last for decades after a conflict is over.
杀伤性地雷并不是牛奶那样的战利品
Anti-personnel mines aren't something that spoils like milk.
因为仍有大量在和平年代
Because of the extraordinary number of civilians
被这些武器伤到或者带走生命的平民百姓们
that were injured and killed by these things in peacetime,
就是我们所称的缓慢大规模杀伤性武器
it's what we call a weapon of mass destruction in slow motion.
这使我们想到了缅♥甸♥的邻国
That brings us to Burma's neighbor.
也就是旁边的老挝
Right next door, you have Laos.
问题略有不同
Slightly different problem,
但是仍然是一个致命的问题对吗
but still a very deadly problem, right?
是的老挝在战争期间经历过空中轰炸
Yes. In Laos you have much more of a cluster-munition problem
所以要面对的不只是集束炸♥弹♥的问题
due to the aerial bombing they experienced during the war.
那场战争是越南战争
That war was the Vietnam War,
投放那些致命武器的国家
and the country dropping
就是美国
those deadly weapons was the United States.
为了切断敌人
In an effort to halt
在老挝境内的运输线
enemy supply lines that ran through Laos,
美国开始使用一种引起高度争议的武器
the US began carpet bombing this small country
对这个小国家进行地毯式轰炸
using a highly controversial weapon
这种武器被称为集束炸♥弹♥
known as a cluster bomb,
它可以在半空中
which breaks apart in mid-air
炸开成数十个更小的炸♥弹♥
into dozens of smaller explosives.
问题在于这些小炸♥弹♥并不是全部都会真的爆♥炸♥
The problem is, not all of these bomblets actually explode,
它们本质上成为了从天而降的地雷
essentially making them land mines dropped from the sky.
我在老挝的沙湾拿吉省
I'm in Savannakhet Province, Laos.
这个地区是世界上遭到轰炸最严重的区域之一
This area is one of the most heavily bombed regions in the world.
越战期间
During the Vietnam War,
美国在这个小国投放的炸♥弹♥
the US dropped more ordnance on this teeny country
比他们在二战期间用在所有轴心国身上的还要多
than they did on all of the Axis powers in World War II.
此举致使老挝的地下掩埋着
This has left millions of unexploded ordnance
成千上万的未爆♥炸♥的炸♥弹♥
in the ground here in Laos.
昨天在一块弓形地区发生了一场事故
Yesterday there was an accident in a bow,
一个当地居民炸掉了他的手
a local person blew off his hand.
尼克托伯特管理着HALO组织在老挝的分部
Nick Torbet runs the Laos branch of HALO,
这个组织已经在老挝清除了
an organization that has cleared
数以万计的炸♥弹♥
tens of thousands of explosives in Laos.
他向我们说明了集束炸♥弹♥的工作原理
He explained to us how cluster munitions work.
集束炸♥弹♥受到撞击就会爆♥炸♥
A cluster munition is designed to explode on impact,
它被设计成像是一种炮弹或炸♥弹♥
so it's designed like an artillery shell or bomb--
撞击到地面上就会爆♥炸♥
it's to hit the ground, go bang.
但是相当大数量的炸♥弹♥没有爆♥炸♥
But a fairly large number didn't explode.
BLU-26 它们被装在弹箱里进行投放
The BLU-26, they were dropped in containers
弹箱里装有成百上千的这种炸♥弹♥
containing hundreds of these in an individual bomb
它们构成一个独♥立♥的会在空中爆♥炸♥的炸♥弹♥
that would break up in the sky
数以百计的炸♥弹♥落向地面
and hundreds of these would fall towards the ground,
在空中打旋然后撞到地面上
spinning in the air, and then impact on landing.
你可以看到它里面的小钢珠
You can see the small little ball bearings within it,
炸♥弹♥的原理便是这些钢珠四处扩散
and the idea is these ball bearings spread out
变成用来杀人的碎片
and become a fragmentation designed to kill people.
有没有一种使这些炸♥弹♥安全的方法
Is there a render-safe procedure for these?
没有对于集束炸♥弹♥
No, for cluster ammunitions,