恶（2013）

Vice S04E09

Part 2 May 7, 2021, 11:28 a.m.

to how we use energy, how we get energy,
不管是我们从地下开采使用
whether we dig it up from the ground or we use it,
还是从天上获得
uh, you know, from the heavens above us.
这些都是
And, uh, this is the way we typically
我们产生电力的典型方式这里使用的是天然气
produce electricity now, in this case natural gas.
我们从地下开采出来或者是从地下抽取
We dig it out of the ground or suck it out of the ground
然后燃烧产生电能
and burn it to produce electricity.
我们所有的这些东西还能烧多长时间
And how much longer do we have of burning things?
-不会太长了 -为什么
-Not very long. -Why?
地球不能凭空产生这些而且我们
Our Earth can't take it and we don't have
所剩的也不多了
very much of it left. Right.
如果人类想要一直
If human beings are gonna sustain
维持我们的文明
our civilization long into the future,
我们得减少对于化石燃料的使用
we have to cut our addiction to fossil fuels.
-这仅仅是个方向 -我们要怎么做呢
It's just- -it's a given. And how do we do that?
这些都可以使用一系列复合技术
Well, all this can be done by using a combination
像回收利用
of technologies like renewable,
网格存储还有核能
（网格存储：用若干相互连接的独♥立♥存储节点进行存储的方法统称）
grid storage, and nuclear power.
为了更好理解能源形势
Now, to better understand the energy landscape
和当今状况我们采访了诺贝尔获得者
as it stands today, we met with Nobel Prize winner
前能源部长朱棣文教授
and former secretary of energy, Professor Steven Chu.
如今我们生产电力的方式
The incumbent way we make electricity
任然依靠化石能源
is still dominated by fossil fuel.
从二十年前
And it's transitioning from coal,
作为电力供应主要燃料的煤炭
which two decades ago was the dominant source of electricity,
转变到到现在的天然气煤炭混合燃料
to some mixture of natural gas and coal.
煤炭每产生一个单位的电力
Coal is about twice as bad as natural gas
会比天然气多两倍的碳排放量
for carbon emissions per unit of electricity.
我们大量使用天然气但是你也要记住
We're swimming in natural gas, but you also have to remember
这是一种过度能源
that it is a transition fuel.
我们为了防止气候改变还是得放弃
We still have to wean ourselves away from fossil fuel
化石燃料
for climate change reasons.
好消息是在美国
The good news is, in the United States,
我们被赐予惊人的可再生资源
we happen to be blessed with amazing renewable resources.
从现在到二三十年后
We could, by two or three decades from now,
可轻易的使用百分之五十的再生资源
easily be 50 percent renewables.
如今推动可再生资源的
Now, one of the people pushing forward
人物之一就是伊隆马斯克
with alternative energy is Elon Musk,
太阳能和能源存储的主要领导者
an entrepreneur who's leading the charge in solar energy
同时也是特斯拉汽车公♥司♥的首席执行官
and energy storage, and as CEO of Tesla Motors,
他制♥造♥了全美最受欢迎的电动车
makes the most popular all-electric car in America.
嘿最近怎么样
Hey, buddy. How are you?
-见到你很高兴 -高兴见到你
-Good to see you. -Good to see you.
-这车可以开多快 -可以很快
-How fast can this go? -Well, pretty fast.
从0加速到60 需要3.2秒
It's, uh, zero to 60 in 3.2 seconds.
让电动车更酷只是第一步
Making electric cars cool is step one.
-是的 -你要是有辆车可以开很长时间
-Yeah, exactly. -You know, if you had a car that was long-range,
但是它看起来不怎么样
but it didn't look good and
也不好玩也没有妥善处理
it wasn't fun and it didn't handle properly
也没有很好的电力供应
and it didn't have great electronics,
这些都是客户会衡量的因素
and all these important attributes that people value...
我们得改变别人对电动车的看法
We had to change the perception of an electric car.
我们想让一辆电动车有所作为
You know, we wanted an electric car to be something
充满乐趣又很性感而不是像那种
that was sort of fun and sexy, not something that was
又丑又矬的高尔夫球车
kind of dull and boring like a golf cart.
别人觉得你很聪明
So you're known as a very smart guy.
别人认为你是个发明家企业家资本家
You're known as an inventor, industrialist, capitalist.
你是怎么做到的
How did you get there?
当我还是个小伙子
You know, when I was a teenager
上大学的时候我在想
and going through college, I thought about,
有什么很重要的事情是我们为了未来更美好
what are the important things that we have to solve
而必须要解决的
as a species in order for the future to be good,
显然充足的能源是其中之一
and sustainable energy was one of those things, obviously.
那时我更多的是站在我们将要
At the time, I was thinking of it more from the standpoint
把石油开采完的立场上考虑问题
of we'll run out of oil to dig out of the ground,
如果我们不找到替代品
and if we don't find a replacement,
人类文明将会毁灭
then... civilization would collapse.
解决方法是开创一个由可持续能源支撑的未来
The end game, uh, is to have a sustainable energy future,
一个我们能够展望我们知道能变得更美好的未来
a future where we can look ahead and say this is gonna be good.
特斯拉在汽车市场获得成功的关键
A key ingredient to Tesla's success in the car market
是先进的电池技术
is their cutting-edge battery technology.
公♥司♥正是应用这项技术
And the company is using this technology
解决了一个可持续能源的重大问题
to solve one of sustainable energy's biggest problems,
能源收集后的实际存储问题
the actual storage of the energy once it's been harvested.
我们称这个装置为特斯拉能量墙
This little product we call the Tesla Powerwall.
这种设计使其能与
It's designed to work very
外接的太阳能系统完美配合
well with solar systems right out of the box.
只要你愿意你可以完全脱离电网供电
You can actually go, if you want, completely off-grid.
你只需要安装太阳能板
You can take your solar panels,
用电池组蓄电就能供你生活使用
charge the battery packs, and that's all you use.
现在能量墙电池组系统已经在美国住户中
Now, Powerwall batteries are already being installed
安装并整合
in homes across the US, and stacked together,
这些电池组系统可能取代电厂
these batteries have the potential to replace power plants,
并最终替代全国的电网系统
and eventually take entire countries off the grid.
我们需要大概20亿套这样的装置
We need about two billion of those to solve
从能量储备上去解决全球能源问题
global energy from a storage standpoint.
这个数目很庞大但其实也就和
Which is a lot, but it's roughly comparable
马路上的小汽车和卡车的数量差不多
to the number of cars and trucks on the road.
你将这些技术公开了
You open-sourced your technology,
包括很多专利
a lot of your patents, a lot
-很多技术 -是的我们所有的专利都公开
-of your technology. -Yeah, all of our patents.
把所有的都公开为什么
-All of your patents. Why?
我们产生的CO2太多而对未来造成不良影响
If the future is bad because we're generating too much CO2
同时又没有一种可持续利用能源作为替代
and not transitioning to sustainable energy,
然后嗯未来我也处于这样一个环境中
then, um, I'm part of that future.
是的难道你就想成为沉船上的
Yeah. Why would you want to be last man alive
最后一个幸存者吗
on a sinking ship? Right.
马斯克不仅仅在开♥发♥
And Musk isn't just pioneering
可再生能源的储存技术
how renewable energy s stored,
也致力于能源的收集技术
he's also helping to change how it's generated.
他和堂兄成立了太阳城公♥司♥
He and his cousins founded SolarCity,
一个领先的太阳能电池板制♥造♥商
a leading manufacturer of solar panels.
过去5年太阳能领域发生了什么
What happened in the last five years with solar power?
我是说它获得了一个
I mean, it's just sort of grown
跨越式的发展是什么促进了这一发展
leaps and bounds, and where did it come from?
其实太阳能领域的发展
Really what's happened with solar power is
是相对稳步前进的
actually relatively steady advances
每年有5%到10%的增长前进
where things have gotten better by five to ten percent a year,
但是如果整体看过去十年或十几年
but you add that up over a decade or a decade and a half
进步就很显著了
and it becomes very significant.
但对于太阳能利用的关键在于
And the key threshold for solar
要让它的成本低于矿物燃料
is to try to get below the cost of fossil fuel energy.
如今太阳能电板的价格是
Today, solar panels are half the price
6年前的一半并且还在急速下降
they were just six years ago, and dropping fast.
虽然太阳能的普及利用
And even though solar is
才刚刚在美国站稳脚跟
just beginning to take hold here in America,
太阳城公♥司♥的首席技术官彼得赖夫说
SolarCity CTO Peter Rive told
这已经削弱了传统上
us that it's already undercutting the traditional,
用矿石燃料驱动的能源体系
fossil-fuel-driven utility system.
要知道目前在全国大概16个州
In, you know, about 16 states across the country right now,
你购买♥♥太阳能屋顶可以获得
you can buy solar power direct off your rooftop
相比购买♥♥公共用电
at a rate that is lower than
更大的优♥惠♥
what you're buying power from the utility for.
所以我们已经初见成效了
So we're already there.
消费者可以零首♥付♥注册
Customers can sign up with no money down
并开始省钱
and start saving money.
现在每两分钟就会有一名客户注册
We sign up a new customer about once every two minutes right now,
我们的目标是到2018年将客户量增加到100万
and our goal is to try to get to a million customers by 2018,
还有很多工作要做
so there's still a lot of work to do.
太阳城公♥司♥专注于太阳能事业
SolarCity, we're just kind of dedicated to the cause,