恶（2013）

Vice S04E05

Part 1 May 7, 2021, 11:28 a.m.

本周vice看点对肉类需求的急剧增长引起全球性危机
this week on vice The global threat caused by the sky rocketing demand for meat.
我们的目标就是让肉类尽可能的便宜
Our focus is on making the meat as cheap as possible.
这就是为什么我们经常会遇到环境灾难
That's where we often have environmental catastrophes.
之后将讲述
Then the crisis that
人类所面临的全球水资源危机
humanity is facing in our global water supply.
一些事情正在发生
Something's happening.
这场干旱比以往任何时候所遇到的都要糟糕
This drought is worse than anything you've ever seen.
这是圣华金河谷农业史上最严重的一次
In the history of farming here in the san joaquin valley, yes.
这些红色♥区♥域代表地下水资源枯竭
Those red spots represent ground water depletion.
全世界都在发生
It's happening all over the world.
举起手来别开枪举起手来
Hands up! Don't shoot! Hands up!
世界卫生组织近期将加工肉类
The world health organization recently classified processed meats
与烟草汽车尾气石棉一起
In the same cancer causing group one carcinogens
归为第一类致癌物质
As tobacco, diesel exhaust, and asbestos.
但是一些科学家担忧全球对于肉类的痴迷
But some scientists fear that our global addiction to meat,
可能会造成更大的威胁
Might pose an even greater threat.
这是从一块肌肉组织中
So this is the very first step
获取干细胞的第一步
of getting the stem cells out of a piece of muscle.
只要我们取一小块肉
If we just take a very small piece of it,
几天后这些干细胞就会分离出来
In a couple of days, those stem cells will crawl out.
一旦我们拥有充足的细胞
Once we have sufficient number of cells,
我们就会提供合适的条件使他们发育成组织
We will provide the conditions for them to grow into a tissue.
那么你们这个实验室具体是研究什么的
So, what is it that you're actually doing here in this lab?
我们用干细胞做汉堡
We are creating hamburgers from stem cells.
马克博士
Dr. Mark post, is famous
因其制♥造♥出第一个合成汉堡而备受关注
For his work in creating the first synthetic burger.
让这些小细胞变成肉的
And how long does that whole process take,
整个过程需要多长时间
To turn these tiny little stem cells into meat?
大约七周这比养一头牛快多了
About seven weeks. So, that's much faster than a cow.
比养一头牛快的多得多
Much, much faster than a cow.
- 那这就算是新型麦当劳了吧 - 是的
- So, this is the new mcdonald's? - Yes.
- 我能直接吃吗 - 不行
- Can I try it? - No.
马克的第一个汉堡造价超过325,000美元
Mark's first burger cost him more than $325,000 to make.
这将是有史以来
This will be the first time a
第一个由人造牛肉制♥作♥的汉堡
burger made with cultured beef has been cooked.
和肉类很相近
It's close to meat.
有些很浓厚的味道
There's quite some intense taste.
但是马克教授充满希望
But mark is hopeful
他可以大规模生产廉价肉
He can produce them cheaper and on a larger scale.
你起初制♥作♥这种合成肉类
What are your biggest reasons for wanting to make
的主要原因是什么
This sort of synthetic meat in the first place?
对肉类的需求正在不断增长
The demand for meat is going to increase,
当前没有什么家畜生产方法
And there's no way with the current live stock production method
可以满足那种需求
That you can match that demand.
那将给食品安全带来更大的压力
So that will put a lot of pressure on food security.
假如我们能够
If we would all say,
放弃一周五天都吃肉的日子
"Let's refrain from eating meat five days a week,"
那会很有效但我们是不会这么做的
It would work out fine, but we're not doing that.
实际上我们做的恰恰相反
We're actually doing the polar opposite.
现在全球肉类的产量是20世纪60年代的四倍
Global meat production has quadrupled since the 1960s,
到2050年会再次增长一半
And by 2050 it will increase by half again.
巴西就是一个
One country that's
充分利用爆产方式生产的国家
capitalized on that explosive growth is brazil,
这使其成为仅次于美国
Which is now behind only the US
的世界第二大牛肉生产商
For title of largest beef producer in the world.
有大量资源被
There's a hell of a lot of resources
投入到这样的养殖场里像水能源
that go into a feedlot like this-- water, energy.
几乎所有事情都以效率最大化方式运行
Absolutely everything is done for maximum efficiency,
这意味着这里的家畜每一天
And that means that each one of these cattle gets to eat
会吃掉48磅的食物
About 48 pounds every single day.
佩德罗摩罗拉饲育场主
Pedro merola, owner of the feedlot,
像我们解释这是如何工作的
Explained to us how it works.
哦哇看看这些消瘦的小牛崽
Oh, wow, look at these skinny little runts.
这些是刚到的牛吗
These guys are the cattle that have just arrived?
那些是准备被屠♥杀♥的吗
These are the ones that are about to go for slaughter?
哇看呐仅在三个月内就造就这些体型上的区别
Wow, look at the difference in size that three months can make.
你把他们养的不是一般的好
You've fed these guys pretty damn well.
养这些牛就已经是一项大工程了
Feeding all these cattle is already a massive operation.
佩德罗准备扩大他的产量
And pedro is planning on doubling
以满足全球需求
his production just to keep up with global demand.
他们在混合的是什么东西
So, what is this that they're mixing up here?
这些牛每天吃多少饲料
And how much feed do the cows eat every day?
每天450吨♥ 哇
450 tons a day? Wow.
这套系统被称为
This system is called a
集中动物饲养经营简称为CAFO
"Concentrated animal feeding operation," Or CAFO
CAFO的目的就是
This cafo is designed to make
使这些牛在九十天的时间内增长近四百磅
these cattle gain nearly 400 pounds in just 90 days.
这些牛被禁锢在牛圈内
These cattle have been cooped up in their pens,
但是现在他们终于到达了旅途的终点
But now they've finally reached the end of the road.
在它们在被送到全国各地的
They're just being herded towards the final weighing station
屠宰场之前
before heading out to one
被驱赶到一起集中称重
of several slaughterhouses across the country.
你今天进了多少牛
So, how many cattle have you got in today?
每件事情都是以这种大规模的方式运行
Everything's done on such a mass scale.
他们处理的牛数量惊人
The amount of cattle that they're processing is crazy.
每头三十秒
It's one every 30 seconds.
我的天
Fuck.
业务预计会做的更大
And business is expected to get even better.
巴西被允许直接
Brazil is about to be allowed
向美国出口新鲜牛肉
to export fresh beef directly to the US.
2014年美国人均红肉消耗量
Americans ate more than 100 pounds of red meat
超过100磅
Per person in 2014,
现在非洲和亚洲正逐步靠近那种饮食习惯
And now, africa and asia are moving toward that same diet.
我们采访了肉类政策专家肯库克
We spoke to ken cook, a food policy expert,
询问了有关如今肉类生产的问题
about the state of meat production today.
地球上百分之七十的农业用地
70% of the land devoted to agriculture on the planet
被用于肉制品生产
Is devoted to meat production.
这几乎是地表面♥积♥的三分之一
That's almost a third of the entire surface area.
有大♥片♥田地生产红肉猪肉鸡
That many acres producing red meat, pork, chicken,
所有那些都是不是可持续的
All of that is completely unsustainable.
我们假设到了2050年
Let's assume that the world
世界人口将会增长到九十亿
population will grow to 9 billion people by 2050.
那将会没有足够的土地没有充足的水资源
There isn't enough land. There isn't enough water.
地球大气来不及吸收
There isn't the capacity for the earth's atmosphere
全部的二氧化碳和甲烷
to absorb all of the co2 and the methane
这些气体可能来自畜牧业
That would come out of animal agriculture.
然而与此同时
The problem is that our focus
我们却在让肉类生产越来越产业化
is on making the meat as cheap as possible,
忽视了产业化
And as they cut those corners,
带来的环境问题
that's where we often have environmental catastrophes.
为了探究肉类生产
To see how meat production can lead
导致的巨大环境问题
To those environmental catastrophes,
我们来到了北卡罗来纳州的都柏林郡
We went to dublin county in north carolina,
这里的猪肉产业发达猪的数量远超居民数量
Where the pork industry is so big, the hogs outnumber people.
这有片粪便堆积池
So, this is the lagoon right here.
看到伸出来的管子了吗
See the pipes coming out?
这也很难闻
It doesn't smell pretty either.
拉里鲍德温北卡罗来纳州集中动物饲养经营
Larry baldwin monitors cafos in north carolina
护水联盟检察员
For the waterkeeper alliance.
猪就在那他们会排泄
The pigs are in there, they're defecating,
所以尿液和粪便就会渗入地面
So you've got urine and feces dropping through the floor,
但是水泥地上会开槽
But then there are slots in that concrete.
污水流经那里
The waste falls through that,
最终流入粪便堆积池
And then gets flushed into the lagoon,
就像你看到的那样
which is what you see over here.
所以我们看到
So, that's where we can
管子一根根从里面伸出来
see the pipes coming straight out of this.
每一栋建筑
Each one of these buildings
都有一个管子伸向泻湖
has a pipe that empties into the lagoon.
这里就是污秽的地狱就在那
That's a hell of a lot of waste. Right here!