被点亮的星球（2018）

They're in the soil.
他们在土里
They're thousands offeet up in the atmosphere.
它们在大气层中有数千英尺高
They're everywhere.
他们到处都是
So it doesn't matter what a planet is made of or how poisonous its atmosphere.
所以行星是由什么构成的，或者它的大气是多么毒无关紧要
Even if there is just a tinybit of energy to extract,
即使只有一点点能量来提取，
simple microbes willwork out a way to get it.
简单的微生物将找到一种方法来获得它
Out in the universe there,there's gotta be that stuff,
在那里的宇宙中，必须有那些东西，
there's gotta be these single cell organisms that are living in environments that life
一定有这些单细胞生物生活在
漫游太空143天
杰瑞·林恩格
as we know it here on Earth could probably never tolerate.
已知的地球生命 可能无法忍♥受的环境中
Given an unlimited number of planets in an unlimited amount of time,
在无限的时间 无限数量的行星，
it's a little bit delusional to think that this is the only place
认为这是唯一的地方有点妄想
life could have ever evolved.
生物本来可以进化
Maybe there are microbes on other planets,but there's a big leap between them
也许其他星球上有微生物 但有一个很大的差距
and something I can talk to.
在和我可以交谈的东西之间
Here on Earth, that leap couldn't have happened without a visitor from
在地球上 没有访客 这种飞跃是不可能发生的
93 million miles away.
9300万英里之外
Over the years, I've had many encounters with aliens
多年来，我和外星人有很多遭遇，这可能会来
and this may come as a shock to you, but they weren't real.
对你很震惊，但他们并不真实
But if Hollywood is right and thereare aliens,
但如果好莱坞是正确的 并且有外星人
they're gonna have needs, and it's gonna beall about energy.
他们就会有需求 就是能量
Up to a point in Earth's history, energycame from heat, from volcanic vents,
在地球历史上的一个点，能量来自火山口的热量，
from lightning strikes.
来自雷击
This energy was readily around.
这种能量随处可见
But, as the Earth started to cooland to change, the weather changed.
但是，随着地球开始降温和变化，天气也发生了变化
the weather changed.
天气也发生了变化
A new source ofenergy was needed.
需要一种新的能源
Some bacteria came up with a new mechanism,let's use the energy from the Sun,
一些细菌想出了一种新机制 利用来自太阳的能量，
which is readily available.
这很容易获得
It was a really pivotal momentin the history of life on Earth.
这是地球上生命史上一个非常关键的时刻
On the space station, we have this vast array of solar cells
在空间站上，我们有大量的太阳能电池
漫游太空24天
利兰德·梅尔文
that collect and harness the solar energy from the Sun,
来收集利用太阳的能量
and we use this to run all the systems to sustain life.
我们用它来运行所有系统来维持生命
If things don't work the way they're supposed to, that can get very tricky very fast.
如果事情不按照预期的方式发挥作用，那就会非常棘手
When you look out the window you see these solar panels that extend the length
当向窗外看时 你会看到延伸的这些太阳能电池板
of a football field and theseeight ginormous solar rays.
长约一个足球场 和这八个巨大的太阳光线
They would go from blueto gold to copper color.
他们会从蓝色到金色到铜色
Just beautiful.
非常美丽
So I'm out doing a spacewalk and oneof the things you're worried about is the solar panel,
所以我出去做太空行走，其中一件你担心的事情就是
trying to maneuver my way around those solar panels and looking down
太阳能电池板，试图绕过那些太阳能电池板并向下看
at plant Earth and the greenerydown there and I realize, hey,
在植物地球和那里的绿地，我意识到，嘿，
planet Earth is reallyone big solar panel also.
行星地球真的是一个大太阳能电池板
Plants have been converting solar energy and storing it effectively
植物一直在转换太阳能并有效地储存它
for billions of years.
数十亿年
This biological magic trick means that, even when there is only
这种生物魔法意味着，即使只有
the faintest trickle ofsunlight, plants can grow.
最微弱的阳光，植物可以生长
Photosynthesis, we'veall heard about it, right?
光合作用，我们都听说过，对吗？
But have you ever reallyconsidered what it means?
但你有没有真正考虑过这意味着什么？
What plants do is eat sunlight, streaming from our sun 93 million miles away.
植物所做的是吸收从9300万英里外的太阳流出的阳光
And they use it to make carbon dioxide into starch, granules of stored energy
他们用它将二氧化碳变成淀粉，储存能量的颗粒
which plants use to power their growth.
哪些植物用于促进其生长
When I see a live plant, their green makes me know life is possible.
当我看到一棵活植物时，它们的绿色让我知道生命是可能的
Plants make a place feel welcoming, like home.
植物让人感觉像家一样温馨
Every leaf on every plantis like a tiny battery.
每株植物上的每片叶子就像一个小电池
Photosynthesis from plants worldwide generate around 100 tera-watts of power each year.
全世界植物的光合作用每年产生约100太瓦的能量
To put that into perspective, it's enough to match the energy demand of the modern
从这个角度来看，它足足是现代的能源需求
world nearly six times over.
的差不多六倍了
Running a planet packed withlife takes a lot of energy.
运行一个充满生机的星球需要很多能量
Kudos to the big ball of fire in the sky.
感谢天空中的大火球
Plants dine out on it.
植物在食用它
Once they started, they spread all over the world.
一旦他们开始，他们就会遍布全世界
But those first plants were missing something,
但那些第一批植物遗失了一些东西，
which meant there was one place they couldn't go, up.
这意味着有一个地方他们不能去，向上
Bamboo can grow so high because it contains a molecule called lignin.
竹子可以长得很高，因为它含有一种叫做木质素的分子
It's the bamboo's own internal scaffolding.
这是竹子自己的内部脚手架
Lignin evolved around 400 million years ago and it changed the world.
木质素在大约4亿年前发展，它改变了世界
It provides structural strength for plants and they get to grow tall.
它为植物提供结构强度，并且它们长得很高
From the outside, plants and trees are beautiful,
从外面看，植物和树木都是美丽的，
but it's the inside that reveals their dynamic, intricate structure.
但它的内部揭示了它们动态 复杂的结构
These memorizing patterns are the storybook of its life.
这些记忆模式是其生活的故事书
Because of lignin plants have given our rock a solar-powered skin that harvests energy from
由于木质素 植物为我们的岩石提供了太阳能皮肤 可以从中获取能量
that harvests energy from the cosmos
可以宇宙从中获取能量
and that harvest supports almost all life here on Earth.
这收获几乎支持地球上的所有生命
The truth is money doesn't make the world go around, energy does.
事实上 金钱不会让世界运转 能源会
Plants store energy.
植物储存能量
So, it didn't take long for something to evolve to take advantage.
因此 不需要很长时间便发展出来以利用它得生物
When an animal eats a plant it gains the energy that a plant captured from sunlight.
当动物吃植物时，它会获得植物从阳光中捕获的能量
Animals could not exist without plants.
没有植物就不能存在动物
If another planet evolved creatures like goats or like us,
如果另一个星球进化出像山羊或像我们一样的生物，
I'm almost certain it would have plants as well.
我几乎可以肯定它也有植物
But plants on this other planet may not be green.
但是这个星球上的植物可能不是绿色的
Plants here are only green because our Sun is green.
这里的植物只有绿色，因为我们的太阳是绿色的
The majority of light emitted from thesun is in the blue-green wavelength.
太阳发出的大部分光是蓝绿色
It doesn't look green to us because it has light emitted in other areas too,
它对我们来说看起来不绿，因为它也有在其他区域发出的光，
in red and blue.
红色和蓝色
And so when you blend all those together they look white.
所以当你将所有这些混合在一起时，它们看起来是白色
Most plants here on Earth have evolved to use primarily
地球上的大多数植物已经进化为主要使用
red and blue light for photosynthesis.
红光和蓝♥光♥用于光合作用
They reflect back the green light,which is why they look green.
它们反射绿光，这就是为什么它们看起来是绿色的
On an alien planet,if there's complex life,
在一个外星球上，如果有复杂的生命，
there'll be something like plants
会有类似植物的东西
and something like animals that eat them.
和吃它们的动物一样
But it probably wouldn't stop there,because here on Earth that's not the
但它可能不会止步于此，因为在地球上不是
last link in the food chain.
食物链中的最后一个环节
How do we begin to imagine what aliens might be like?
我们如何开始想象外星人会是什么样的？
Well, if animals have evolved on another planet they might not have arms,
好吧 如果动物在另一个星球上进化 它们可能没有胳膊
but they'll still belooking over their shoulders,
但他们仍然会看着他们的肩膀，
because chances arethere's predators out there.
因为那里会有掠食者
There's two ways to load up on the energy you need.
有两种方法可以获得你需要的能量
You can be like a fish and spend all day nibbling and nibbling on your ocean greens.
你可以像鱼一样，整天啃着海洋绿色植物
Or you can be like a man o' war
或者你可以像一个人战争
and snatch up inan instant all the energy the
并立刻抢夺所有的
all the energy the fish picked upfrom days of nibbling.
鱼从啃食的日子里收集起来得能量
Plants consume sunlight.
植物消耗阳光
Animals eat the plants.
动物吃植物
And other animalseat those animals.
其他动物吃那些动物
It's the circle of lunch.
这是午餐圈
Every creature on Earthhas evolved its own body shape
地球上的每一个生物都进化出了自己的体形
to maximize its chances of getting a meal without being eaten.
最大限度地提获取食物的机会 而不被吃掉
Take cats.
比如猫
I love cats,particularly house cats.
我爱猫，特别是家猫
Cats have a very good sense of themselves, they're very confident.
猫对自己有很好的认识，他们非常自信
Cats are fairly pleased with themselves.
猫对自己很满意
And cats have good reasonto be pleased with themselves.
猫有充分的理由对自己感到高兴
Cats are all around the world, from the desert
猫科动物遍布世界各地，从沙漠
to the Arcticto temperate climates.
到北极到温带气候
For me, cats represent one of the pinnacles of evolution.
对我来说，猫科动物代表了进化的顶峰之一
Cheetahs, for instance, have evolved into perfect hunting machines.
例如，猎豹已经发展成为完美的狩猎机器
But even they may find it hard to catch their prey.
但即使他们可能发现很难抓住他们的猎物
Shiloh is the cocky one, that she'svery independent and on her own
希洛是一个自大的猎豹，她非常独♥立♥
and as a cub she was the one that was the strongest.
作为一只幼崽，她是最强壮的一只
Odyssey, the male, he's just a, yeah,he doesn't have a care in the world.
奥德赛，雄性，他只是对这个世界不太关心
As a baby, I lost him almost.
作为一个幼崽，我几乎失去了他
I had to keep him in my bed for two weeks.
我不得不把他放在我的床上两个星期
He was on a drip, 'cause he was so dehydrated,and he was just the weakest of the three.
因为他脱水地厉害，他只是三个中最弱的一个
I raised them and I gave them theirname, so they're like my kids.
我养了他们，我给了他们名字，所以他们就像我的孩子
They call Marlice Van Vuuran,the Cheetah Whisperer.
他们打电♥话♥给猎豹语者Marlice Van Vuuran
She rescues abandoned cubson the plains of Namibia.
她在纳♥米♥比♥亚♥平原上营救了被遗弃的幼崽
And helps them learn how to eat.
并帮助他们学习如何进食