被点亮的星球（2018）

species have risen and they've died off
物种历经兴衰
漫游太空8天
梅·杰米森
over and over again.
循环往复
And now that the earth is resplendent with life,
现在的地球是一个生机盎然的地方
漫游太空166天
查里斯·哈德菲尔德
you can't get away from life on earth,
生命无所不在
you dig a mile down into the rock
即使你掘地三里
and there's still little things living,
也能发现微小的生命
you go to the hottest jet in the centre of the ocean
你去大洋深处寻找最炙热的喷流
where the boiling stuff is pouring out into the world
各种滚烫的物质从地底翻涌而出
and it's a farm of life down there.
依然能够发现无数生命
You know the diversity of living things on earth
地球生命的多样性
ensures that life will go on,
保证了生命的延续
no matter what the earth throws at it,
无论地球多么怒不可遏
no matter which punch it takes,
无论遭受的打击多么致命
no matter which species doesn't make it,
无论哪些物种最终湮灭
there's another one that finds a pathway to survival.
总有另一物种找到了生存之道
So, it's a good thing that life comes in a variety pack
所以 生物多样性是一件好事
but variety comes from diversity
但是多样性来自于差异性
and diversity comes from what scientists call
而差异性来自于科学家所说的
"doing it."
"做♥爱♥做的事"
If you're a clone, you don't have to date.
如果你可以无性繁殖 便不需要去约会
You want kids, just copy yourself, easy.
如果你想要孩子 只要自我复♥制♥即可 很简单
But clones have a problem;
但是无性繁殖存在一个问题
if every individual is exactly the same, one disease,
如果所有个体都一模一样 那么一种疾病
one catastrophe could wipe them all out,
一次自然灾难即可将其灭绝
so you gotta mix it up a little.
所以你需要将生命混合一下
墨西哥
加勒比海
环境保护人士
卡拉·科尔梅内罗
This is MUSA, it's an Underwater Museum of Art.
这里是MUSA 即水下艺术博物馆
The sculptures are becoming home to coral species.
这些雕塑正在变成珊瑚虫们的家
These animals are amazing,
这些生物让人啧啧称奇
they can make identical clones of themselves
它们可以克隆出无数个相同的自己
to spread over a reef
最终遍布整块礁石
but they also protect themselves
但它们也会在复杂多变的环境下
against changing conditions
通过一种奇怪的交♥配♥方式
by having sex, in a strange way.
保护自己不受伤害
Once a year, around the time of a full moon,
一年一度 在某个月圆时分
the corals release eggs and sperm in massive numbers.
珊瑚虫会释放不计其数的卵子和精♥子♥
As the eggs begin to float,
当卵子随波逐流时
it feels like you're floating on the Milky Way.
你会有一种置身于银河之中的错觉
The eggs join together with sperm cells from other corals.
这些卵子与来自其他珊瑚虫的精♥子♥结合在一起
By all mating like this at the same time,
珊瑚虫通过这种群体交♥配♥的方式
it increases the chances of mixing up their genes
增加了它们基因交流的机会
to create more diversity in the next generation of corals.
在下一代的珊瑚虫中产生更多的差异性
That's how most of these reef building corals
这就是为什么大多数筑礁珊瑚
have survived in the ever changing ocean
得以在变化无常的海洋中生存下来
for 250 million years.
并繁衍生息了2.5亿年之久
You take 2 individuals and you mix all the DNA
你随机选出两个个体 将他们的DNA混合在一起
and you create a different creature,
你就创造出了一个与众不同的生物
a different animal than the original pair.
一种与亲代不同的动物
You know every child or offspring
所有的孩子 或者说后代
漫游太空143天
杰瑞·林恩格
is different than the parent
都与他们的父母不尽相同
and this ensures survivability of that species.
这就保证了该物种的生存能力
I look at my own family, I look at my children,
我看到我的家人 我的孩子们
oh my god, they're just totally different human beings
我的天哪 他们每个人都是那么的特别
and hopefully better than me.
真希望他们比我更加优秀
Sex.
性
So you may have all been doing it for fun
可能你是为了欢愉而性♥爱♥
but I'm in it for the survival of the species.
但我可是为了人类的生存大业
It's crucial to mix the gene pool
基因库保持混合至关重要
and life goes to great lengths to do that.
生命为此不留余力
明尼苏达州
密西西比河
水族生态学家
泰勒·温特
Mayfly nymphs remind me of aliens from a sci-fi film.
蜉蝣幼虫让我联想到科幻电影里的外星生物
They live and grow in the mud for a year,
它们在淤泥中生活 成长 长达一年
waiting for the right conditions to emerge.
等待浮出水面的理想条件
Once the mayfly nymphs are mature,
一旦蜉蝣幼虫长大成年
they have to swim to the surface of the water.
它们必须游到水面之上
If they don't do this fast enough, they will be eaten by a fish.
如果它们游得不够快 就会葬身鱼肚
What happens next
接下来上演的
is one of the strangest life cycles on earth.
就是地球上最为奇怪的生命循环之一
It's like a fish turning into a bird in just 1 day.
这就像是鱼在一天之内变成了鸟
The adults can't eat, they have no mouth parts,
成年之后的蜉蝣不能进食 它们既没有口器
they have no digestive system.
也没有消化系统
For an adult mayfly it's all about the sex.
对于成年蜉蝣而言 生命的全部意义都关于性
And they have just 24 hours to find a mate and then they die.
而且它们只有24小时来找到配偶 之后就会死去
Weirdly, their mating often coincides
奇怪的是 它们的交♥配♥日很多时候
with the 4th of July celebrations.
恰巧也是美国独♥立♥日
The males in a swarm fly up and down,
成群的雄虫在上下飞舞
then the females fly by these males
当雌虫从这些雄虫身边飞过时
and whichever male is fast enough to catch her
雄虫之中能以最快速度抓住雌虫的
is the one who gets to mate.
就能获得交♥配♥权
Once the mayflies have mated, the males are done.
一旦蜉蝣交♥配♥成功 雄虫就会死去
The females find water and lay their eggs
雌虫就会去寻找水源 产下虫卵
and then they too pass on.
随后 它们也会死去
They only last 24 hours.
它们只能存活24小时
It's amazing the lengths that life will go to, to reproduce.
生命为了繁衍后代不惜一切代价
Once sex came along, it was no longer enough to just survive,
一旦性发展下去 仅仅生存下去还不够
you had to attract a mate
你必须要吸引配偶
and that's when life on earth learned to dress to impress.
也就是这时 地球上的生命学会了打扮自己
Sexual reproduction has made the earth beautiful.
有性生殖让地球变得美丽
It's one of the greatest evolutionary tools
对于地球上的复杂生物而言
for complex life on earth.
这是最伟大的进化工具之一
And without sexual reproduction,
如果没有有性生殖的存在
life would not have the diversity that it needs,
生命也就不会拥有它所必需的多样性
that it absolutely needs to survive
这也是生存的必备条件
on this very tough demanding earth.
因为地球环境极其艰苦且苛刻
We might like it, we might need it
我们或许喜欢性 或许需要性
but doing the deed comes with a price.
但做任何事都是有代价的
The only thing for sure in life, you're gonna die.
关于生命 唯一可以确定的事 就是死亡
Even if you don't get hit by an asteroid or eaten by a bear,
即使你不被陨石砸中 或被熊吃掉 你也终将逝去
keeping something as complicated as a human going,
让类似于人类这样复杂的"机器"运行下去
takes a lot of upkeep.
需要很多的"维护费"
As a physician, I'm fascinated with the whole human body
作为一个医生 我着迷于人类身体的构造
and how it works.
及其背后的奥秘
Human body's incredible, it's like 37 trillion cells.
人体很不可思议 它由大概37万亿个细胞组成
漫游太空143天
杰瑞·林恩格
It's more than the stars in the galaxy.
这甚至多于银河之中的繁星
But sitting here today I'm not the me that I was up in space;
但今天坐在这里的"我" 并不是彼时空间站里的"我"
my cells have cycled,
我身上的细胞经历了新陈代谢
hundreds of thousands of cells a day are dropping off of me.
每天都有成百上千的细胞脱离我的身体
And so when you look at me,
如果你看看现在的我
this is not the hand I had back in space.
现在这只手 已不是在太空时的那只
Right now there's hundreds of millions of cells
此时此刻 正有几亿个细胞
dying within your body.
在你的身体中死去
And your body has to replace those
而你的身体必须要将这些细胞替换掉
and it's the way we are able to stay alive as a living being.
而这 就是我们能够成为生命体 并活下来的方式
You know most of this destruction is inside our body
虽然大多数的死亡过程都在我们身体内部
but out on our skin we actually can see it,
但通过皮肤上 我们是能亲眼看到的
it's much more visible.
死亡的过程更加直观
It's kind of a harmless thing down here on earth
地球上 这些死皮看起来人畜无害
but up in space, you know,
但在太空中
it's a different matter.
这就是另外一回事了
漫游太空104天
妮可·斯托特
In microgravity, everything floats.
在微重力环境下 所有东西都在飘浮
Your dry skin is gonna float in space.
你身上的死皮 会飘得到处都是
Once a week we cleaned house.
我们每周都会清理一遍空间站
漫游太空166天
查里斯·哈德菲尔德