被点亮的星球（2018）

Life helped make the ground we walk on.
生命创造了土地
But it didn't do it overnight.
但不是一蹴而就的
When you're in space, you get a different appreciation of time,
当你身处太空中时 会有和在地球上
compared to what we have on the Earth.
不一样的时间观念
And what you see are changes in the Earth
你看到的是地球
that took place over sometimes millions of years
在几百万年甚至更长时间里
or, or even longer.
发生的变化
I think life, no matter what form it is,
无论是何种形式的生命
whether it's a simple form like lichen or an animal
从低等的地衣到动物
or a more complicated form of life like us,
再到我们人类这样相对复杂的生命
whatever level that life-form takes,
无论生命以何种形式存在
it is going to change its planet.
它都将改变它所存在的星球
It might just take a while to do it.
只是时间比较长
From the perspective of a space station,
从太空站看
suddenly you can see the entirety of the world's history.
你似乎能看到地球的整部历史
It changes your fundamental feel of time.
它改变了你最基本的时间观
漫游太空166天
查里斯·哈德菲尔德
Your fundamental perception of the age of the world,
甚至是对地球年龄的基本观念
and even though I knew the world was 4.5 billion years old,
虽然我知道地球有45亿年的历史
I'd never got a sense for what that meant.
但我不知道这数字有什么意义
It took billions of years for life to mold a barren rock
生命花了几十亿年时间
into the world we know.
改造我们的星球
But things didn't just get better and better;
但情况不总是一帆风顺
sometimes they went wrong.
有时也会出错
Like, almost end-of-the-world wrong.
以至于差点走向世界末日
I'm a sucker for a tropical island.
我痴迷于热带岛屿
I mean, I get off the plane and head straight for the beach.
一下飞机我就直奔沙滩
Cool sea breeze and sand between my toes.
凉爽的海风吹过 沙粒充盈脚趾之间
But, get this.
但你知道吗
all of that sand down there?
那些沙粒
Most of it came out of the wrong end of a fish.
大多来自鱼类造成的意外
We'll head out towards the coral reef.
我们朝着珊瑚礁进发
We'll drop down to about five meters,
我们会下潜至五米深
珊瑚礁研究学家
克里斯·佩里教授
and we'll survey along there, I think.
并进行研究观察
马尔代夫群岛
芭环礁
You can find parrotfish on reefs throughout the tropics.
你可以在热带珊瑚礁看到鹦嘴鱼
You see them active on the reef,
它们活跃在珊瑚礁上
feeding on the hard coral material continuously.
以坚硬的珊瑚为食
And the amazing thing is that you can hear
更不可思议的是
this incredible grinding, crunching noise.
你能听到它们咀嚼的声音
That really gives you a sense of the life on the reef.
让你感受到珊瑚礁上的勃勃生机
After the parrotfish have eaten the coral,
鹦嘴鱼进食结束后
they then excrete it as sand.
珊瑚会以沙粒的形式排出鱼体外
In one year,
一年间
one fish eats enough coral
一条以珊瑚为食的鹦嘴鱼
to poop out a ton of sand
足以排出一吨♥重的沙子
literally.
毫不夸张
And there's an awful lot of fish here.
而这里的鱼又非常多
That same sand material
在鹦嘴鱼排泄物里
that you find in the parrotfish poo
发现的砂质
can be found in the islands themselves.
在岛上也能找到
On some islands,
在一些海岛上
the sand material is made up of over 70% parrotfish poo.
超过70%的沙子都是鹦嘴鱼的排泄物
The parrotfish are absolutely crucial
在岛屿的发展过程中
to the development of these islands.
鹦嘴鱼的作用至关重要
But life's not done.
但生命的作用不止于此
Fish form the fresh beach,
鱼类创造了新的沙滩
then more life follows on.
更多生命移居至此
And presto,
忽然间
instant island paradise.
天堂岛屿就诞生了
As you fly across,
当你飞越海洋上空
there are little light blue rings
你会发现下方水域中
down in the water beneath you.
出现的几个浅蓝色小圈
There's the deep blue of the ocean around them,
深蓝色海洋包裹着它们
漫游太空166天
查里斯·哈德菲尔德
and then all the different changing blues that are possible
随着水位不断变浅
as the water gets shallower and shallower.
各种层次的蓝色缤纷呈现
But what's intriguing to think is that living organisms down there
但奇妙之处在于 是在海面之下的生命
created that beautiful vista
创造出了这秀丽的远景
that is visible from space itself.
从太空俯瞰仍清晰可见
It's kind of amazing what a small creature can do.
小生命竟可有如此大作为
That a bunch of little fish can build an island
这群小鱼竟可以通过日常作息
漫游太空29天
迈克·马西米诺
just by going about their daily routine.
造出一座座岛屿
That's quite an impact.
这真是颠覆思维
Parrotfish aren't in the business
鹦嘴鱼并不从事
of seaside resort development.
海滨度假村的建设工作
I mean, they were just snacking.
它们就是在吃零食而已
These islands were a happy accident.
这些岛屿只是一个皆大欢喜的意外
But life's little accidents don't always work out so well.
但生命的意外结局并不总是皆大欢喜
About three billion years ago,
大概三十亿年前
bacteria in the oceans of the early Earth
早期地球海洋中的细菌
produced a by-product, oxygen
生产出了一种副产品 氧气
which transformed our world.
这改造了我们的星球
But when this accidental waste gas filled the atmosphere,
但当这种意外产生的"废气"涌进大气层
it reduced levels of warming methane,
温室气体甲烷就被稀释了
cooling the planet.
这使得地球开始降温
Earth started to freeze,
地球开始慢慢冻结
from the poles all the way down to the equator.
从两极一路延伸到了赤道
It froze like a giant snowball.
地球被冻成一个巨大的雪球
Billions of years ago,
几十亿年前
things weren't looking that great for us,
地球环境对人类而言并不友好
but thanks to all the planet's water,
但多亏了地球上的水
we got a lucky break.
才有了一线生机
Ice floats on water,
冰层浮在水面之上
and underneath it is a kind of sanctuary.
而冰层之下某种程度上是生命的庇护所
Life managed to cling on down there, under the ice,
生命紧紧攀附在冰层之下
for millions of years
生存了几百万年的时间
until eventually the planet's volcanoes saved the day.
最终是地球上的火山拯救了我们
We think that as they pumped out carbon dioxide,
我们认为这些火山喷发出的二氧化碳
the planet began to warm up.
使得地球开始升温
The ice melted, and life on Earth really took off.
随着冰层融化 地球上的生命迎来了黄金时代
Life almost killed itself
生命对大气层乱搞一气
when it messed with the atmosphere.
差一点就自掘坟墓
But it survived...
但却活了下来...
and put its roots down on land.
最后在大地上站稳脚跟
The creatures that emerged,
出现在地球上的各种生物
weird and wonderful and new,
奇形怪状 美妙绝伦 日新月异
helped build our modern world.
成就了我们今天的世界
But not in the way you might expect.
却是以一种你意想不到的方式
They don't walk, they can't see,
它们不会走 也看不见
they barely even move,
它们难以移♥动♥
but plants are almost unstoppable.
但植物几乎是不可阻挡的
Give them enough time,
只要给予它们足够时间
and they are Earth's ultimate transformers.
它们就是地球的终极改造者
柬埔寨
吴哥窟
佛教僧侣
拉·邦·提姆
Roots rip through rock like slow-motion excavators.
根系就像一台慢动作挖掘机 将岩石碾碎
But they don't just destroy.
但它们不是只会毁灭
Those plants?
这些植物
They shape how rivers run.
还塑造着河流的流向
Plants have had a big impact on the Earth.
植物对地球产生了巨大的影响
漫游太空29天
迈克·马西米诺
As plants grow, their roots spread out and intertwine.
随着植物的生长 它们的根系四散且盘根错节
They help hold soil together, like a kind of living glue.
它们可以固定土壤 就像活体胶水一样
Plant roots make riverbanks more solid,
根系让河岸更加坚固
so instead of spreading outwards,
因此植物让河流变得更深
plants cause rivers to get deeper,
而不是向外扩张
and then begin to wind and switch back on themselves.
然后河流变得越发蜿蜒曲折