鸟瞰欧洲（2019）

对退伍军人和要塞向导
帕斯卡尔·布鲁西兹来说
And for army veteran and fort guide Pascal Bruchez,
春季是最为繁忙的
spring is his busiest time.
圣莫里斯的军事历史津津乐道
The military history of Saint-Maurice is so interesting
我要花上三辈子的时间
that I would need to live three times
才能研究明白这里发生的一切
to be able to study everything that's happened in this spot.
帕斯卡尔和他的退伍老兵志愿者团队
Pascal and his team of army veteran volunteers
必须为今年春天到来的游客
must prepare the fort for the arrival of visitors this spring
准备一个废弃武器库
by installing an arsenal of decommissioned weapons.
为了建造塞克斯堡
To create Fort du Scex,
军事工程师在山坡上挖出
近两公里的隧♥道♥
military engineers carved almost two kilometers of tunnels
和16个秘密房♥间
and 16 secret rooms out of the hillside.
为躲避敌人的攻击
堡垒内有一个通风室
Hidden from the enemy, the fortress had a ventilation room,
可容纳200名士兵的兵营
barracks for 200 hundred troops,
还有一个储存200支步♥枪♥的武器库
and a weaponry storing 200 rifles.
这些堡垒的特别之处
在于它们的隐蔽性
The special thing about these forts
is that they are very well camouflaged.
它实际上是山里的一个小镇
It's actually a town inside the mountain.
隐藏的不只是堡垒
It's not just the fort that's hidden.
秘密的防御体系遍布整个山谷
Secret defenses run throughout the valley.
这座城镇被特殊的桥梁保护
The town is protected by extraordinary bridges
这些桥梁会爆♥炸♥
that are designed to explode.
底部挖出的柱子
可以装40公斤TNT炸♥药♥
Columns excavated at the base could be filled with 40 kilograms of TNT
用以延缓侵略军的进攻
to slow down an invading army's advance.
还有长条的三角块
And long lines of triangular blocks,
它们被亲切地称为三角巧克力线
affectionately known as Toblerone lines,
有了它们的站岗
可以减缓坦克的前进速度
stand guard to slow down advancing tanks.
帕斯卡尔和他的团队
Pascal and his team
把最后一批废弃的机♥枪♥安装到位
install the last of the decommissioned machine guns into position.
他们为旅游季准备完毕
Their preparations for the tourist season are complete.
值得庆幸的是瑞士的邻国在二十世纪
Thankfully, Switzerland's neighbors respected its neutrality
都尊重中立的瑞士
throughout the 20th century,
所以瑞士的秘密地堡
and none of Switzerland's secret bunkers,
像塞克斯堡 从未在重大冲突中使用
like Fort du Scex, were ever used in major conflicts.
当这里的向导很荣幸
It is an honor to be a guide here,
我可以向下一代传授知识
and I feel that I can pass down knowledge to the future generations.
从高处俯瞰 中世纪的历史 被书写在瑞士的景观中
Seen from above,
medieval history is written into the Swiss landscape.
奇伦城♥堡♥耸立在日内瓦湖上
宛如童话般的梦境
Chillon Castle rises over Lake Geneva like a fairy-tale dream,
塔拉斯普城♥堡♥守护着
瑞士东部的阿尔卑斯山
and Tarasp Castle guards the alps of eastern Switzerland,
象征着这个国家历史上的财富和权力
a reminder of the country's historic wealth and power.
但在瑞士最南边
有一个讲意大利语的小城市
But in Switzerland's far south, there is a small Italian-speaking city
那里可能比任何地方都要戒备森严
that is more heavily fortified than perhaps any other.
在提契诺山谷 距意大利边境 西北仅11公里处
In the Ticino Valley, just 11 kilometers northwest of the Italian border,
穿过云层 我们可以发现 一些令人叹为观止的景观
pushing through the clouds reveals something astonishing.
从空中俯瞰
三座宏伟的城♥堡♥高耸入云
From above, not one, but three majestic castles soar above the skyline.
这里是贝林佐纳
This is Bellinzona.
十四世纪的蒙特贝罗城♥堡♥
The 14th century Montebello Castle
坐落在城东的岩石山顶上
is located on a rocky hilltop to the east of the city.
十五世纪雄伟的萨索科巴洛城♥堡♥
And the imposing 15th century Sasso Corbaro
就在不远处
sits just a short distance away.
卡斯特格兰德城♥堡♥最古老 面♥积♥最大
The oldest and largest is Castelgrande,
在整个山谷雄踞榜首
and it dominates the entire valley.
建筑师恩德里奥·鲁杰罗
是遗迹团队的一员
Architect Endrio Ruggiero is part of the heritage team
负责维护贝林佐纳的三座城♥堡♥
that maintains the three castles of Bellinzona.
(SPEAKING ITALIAN) In my opinion, Bellinzona, as an entity,
在我看来 这些城♥堡♥是贝林佐纳 不可分割的部分
is inseparable from its castles.
这些城♥堡♥陪伴我成长
I grew up looking at these castles.
现在我有幸在这里工作
Now I'm lucky enough to work there.
恩德里奥·鲁杰罗
建筑师
它们对我个人来说意义非凡
They represent something deeply personal for me.
这座高山城市看起来发生过多次血战
This alpine city may look like it was the site of many bloody battles,
其实这些堡垒的建造初衷是为了贸易
but the fortifications were actually built for trade.
四个历史悠久的高山隘口
Four historic alpine passes:
努芬宁 圣哥达 卢克马尼尔和圣贝纳迪诺
Nufenen, St. Gotthard, Lukmanier and San Bernardino,
汇聚到贝林佐纳
all converge at Bellinzona.
五百年来 意大利教皇一直
For 500 years, the Papacy in Italy was locked in battle
与神圣罗马帝国争夺这座高山之门
with the Holy Roman Empire for control of this alpine gateway.
它守卫的四条贸易路线
为这个地区带来了大量的财富
The four trade routes it guarded brought so much money to the region
统治精英建造了三座城♥堡♥
that the ruling elite built not one but three castles
来封锁整个山谷
to blockade the entire valley.
想翻越阿尔卑斯山的人
必须从这里经过
Those who wanted to cross the Alps had to pass through it.
他们向所有运输货物的人征税
So here they collected taxes and duty from everyone transporting goods.
它其实是通往意大利的门户
It was truly a gateway to Italy.
即使到了今天 瑞士仍然通过
Even today, Switzerland generates wealth
控制阿尔卑斯山脉的
交通要道创造财富
by controlling the main artery of traffic through the Alps,
联♥通♥北欧和南欧之间的货运和旅客
connecting freight and passengers between northern and southern Europe.
即使贝林佐纳的三座城♥堡♥
And though Bellinzona's three castles
不再是贸易路线的屏障
are no longer needed to protect the trade routes,
这里每年仍有约二十万游客前来观光
they still welcome around 200,000 visitors a year as tourists.
我对这些地方和城♥堡♥非常依恋
I feel very attached to these places,
and to these castles,
所以 我想贡献自己的 力量来保护它们
and so, I try to give my contribution to preserve them,
将它们代代相传
and pass them on to future generations.
温暖的气候改变了全国各地的景观
Across the country,
warmer weather brings a change in the landscape.
湖边城镇的游客熙熙攘攘
Tourists fill the lakeside towns and cities as mineral-rich melt-water
富含矿物质的雪水
将湖水变成了绚烂的绿松石
turns lakes a brilliant turquoise,
夏天到来 树木枝繁叶茂
and hikers flock to the alpine valleys as green leaves fill the trees
徒步旅行者们涌入高山峡谷
with the arrival of summer.
夏季
从上方看
Viewed from above,
瑞士长长的湖泊占据着西北部
Switzerland's long lakes dominate the country's northwest.
仔细观察就会发现许多湖泊
A closer look reveals that many of these lakes
通过蜿蜒的运河连接
are connected by a series of winding canals.
数百年前
Hundreds of years ago,
这些湖泊和运河是运输的高速公路
these lakes and canals were transport superhighways,
为全球商人提供捷径
offering shortcuts for global traders.
今天 湖水清澈
Today, when the water is clear,
航拍镜头可以捕捉到
aerial cameras capture the remains of ancient ships
沉入湖底的古船残骸
that sank to the bottom of the lake.
潜水员朱利安·普菲费尔经营着
一个基金会 致力于水下探索
Diver Julien Pfyffer runs a foundation devoted to underwater exploration.
发现沉船这样的历史遗迹非常有趣
It's really interesting to discover
pieces of history like these shipwrecks
可以更好地了解湖泊在过去的作用
to better understand how in the past the lakes were used,
明白船只是如何建造的
how the ships were built.
今天 朱利安和一组海洋考古队
Today, Julien and a team of marine archaeologists
正在研究一艘新的沉船
are investigating a new wreck
这艘沉船被湖床的流沙覆盖
uncovered by the shifting sands of the lakebed.
在岸边无法看到它
From the shore, the wreck is invisible.
但我们独特的空中视角
可以清楚地看到它的细节
But our unique aerial perspective reveals it in astonishing detail.
这艘船看起来像被
一大堆石头被钉在湖底
The ship looks like it is pinned to the bottom of the lake
仿佛是故意为之
by a huge pile of stones, as if deliberately sunk.
但为什么会有人想要击沉它还是个谜
But why anyone would want to sink it is a mystery.
为了进行调查 朱利安的团队 使用了一种特殊的吸入式软管
To investigate, Julien's team use a special suction hose
在船外划出30厘米深的沙土层
to draw a 30-centimeter deep layer of sand and silt away from the ship.
经过数日的仔细勘探
After days of careful excavation,
整艘沉船终于从泥泞的湖底露出头来
the full wreck finally emerges from the muddy lake floor.
你看到整艘船奇迹般地出现
When you see the entire boat magically appear,
那一刻的心情无与伦比
it's a very nice feeling.
他们细致的作业
找到了一条诱人的线索
Their meticulous work uncovers a tantalizing clue
或许可以解开这艘船沉没的谜题
that could solve the mystery of why this vessel was sunk.
这些石头在船上
形成了一个方形的底座
The stones create a square base on the ship,
堆叠在一起的石块
仿佛就是建筑设计的一部分
as though they were designed to be stacked together as part of a building.