鸟瞰欧洲（2019）

The calceteiros team place a pre-made mold of the design
放置了一个预先制♥作♥好的模具
on a foundation layer of sand and stone dust.
将石灰石和玄武岩块铺在模具周围
Then they take limestone and basalt cubes and lay them around the template.
然后填充图案
Next, they fill in the pattern,
凿开边缘 把它们牢牢固定
chipping away the sides to lock them firmly into position.
每一块石头都是手工切割 独一无二
Each stone is cut by hand, and no two stones are the same.
固定石块是一项技术活
Locking them tightly is a highly skilled job.
里斯本对石砖路面的热情
源于十九世纪四十年代
Lisbon's passion for tiled pavement started in the 1840s
当时宏伟的罗西奥广场
with the magnificent Rossio Square,
是一片巨大的波浪形的海洋
a vast, perception-bending sea of undulating waves.
装饰路面十分受欢迎
The decorative pavements were so popular,
里斯本很多新的
著名铺路工程都使用装饰
they were used in many of Lisbon's new prestigious paving projects,
包括卡蒙斯广场和发现者纪念碑
including Camões Square and the Monument of the Discoveries.
经过几个小时的艰苦工作
铺路工作终于完成了
After several hours of grueling work, the calceteiros are finally finished.
他们在新铺的路上扫上一层水和沙子
They sweep a layer of water and sand over the newly laid stones
来填补空隙
to fill in the gaps,
然后用一种重木槌整平地面
and use a heavy wooden mallet, known as a maço, to level them.
多亏了他们的辛勤努力
Thanks to their painstaking efforts,
这个图案只需一场雨便可焕然一新
this pattern just needs a burst of rain to make it good as new.
过去的种种造就了我们的未来
Our future is also made of our past.
因此 保持一些传统和技术
Therefore, keeping the traditions, the techniques and the pride
对一些有意义的事物保持自豪感
in something that was so defining for us,
对我们来说至关重要
it's really very important to us.
随着时间推移
As the year moves on,
全国大部分地区的季节变换十分微妙
the seasonal change across most of the country is subtle.
阿尔加维挤满了游客
The Algarve fills with tourists,
渴望在这里的沙滩上尽情享受
keen to make the most of the region's sandy beaches.
但是在内陆地区
But further inland,
起伏的平原和茂盛的草地变得干燥
the rolling plains and the lush green grasses become parched and dry.
葡萄牙的夏天是收获的季节
It's time for harvest as summer arrives in Portugal.
夏季
葡萄牙南部的阿连特茹地区
几乎占全国的百分之三十
The Alentejo region in Portugal's south makes up almost 30% of the entire country.
橄榄树和宁静的山顶村庄
是田园风光的点缀
Olive groves and quiet hilltop villages dot the pastoral landscape,
广阔的金黄色小麦田
and vast plains of golden wheat
使该地区成为葡萄牙的产粮地
make this region the bread basket of Portugal.
这里有一种夏季作物
And there's one summer crop here
不仅流淌在这个地区的血液里
that's not only part of the DNA of the region,
还刻在这个国家的骨子里
but the entire nation, too.
俯瞰
From above,
可以看到阿连特茹
在烈日灼烧下干旱
Alentejo appears baked dry in the summer heat.
但大部分地貌覆盖着奇特的图形
But a strange pattern covers much of the landscape.
金色的沙海中点缀着一片片绿色
Patches of green in a sea of gold.
这是葡萄牙的栓皮栎
These are sobreiros, Portuguese oak trees,
它们的树皮坚韧 可用于制♥作♥软木
and their famously resilient bark is harvested to make cork.
弗朗西斯科·阿尔梅达·加勒特
是第五代软木种植者
Francisco Almeida Garrett is a fifth-generation cork grower.
自十七世纪以来 他的家族一直是 这片伟岸森林的守护者
His family have been custodians of these majestic forests since the 1600s.
我很感谢我的先辈们栽植了这些树
I have to thank my ancestors for having these trees
因为它们全面投产的
because their lifespan
弗朗西斯科·阿尔梅达·加勒特
软木生产商
生命期限超过170年
is over 170 years of full production,
所以必须爱护它们
so you have to cherish them.
到了夏末时分
It's late summer,
弗朗西斯科选了这些
九十岁的老树作为今年的收成
and Francisco has selected these 90-year-old trees for this year's harvest.
采集软木需要特别精准
Harvesting the cork requires incredible precision.
只要过程操作正确 就不会损害树
When done correctly, this process does not harm the tree.
提取软木需要两个人共同完成
Cork extraction is made by two people.
通常 上阵的都是父子两人
Normally, it's father and son,
父亲会将他的经验传授给下一代
and they pass their expertise from one generation to the other.
工人们使用一种特殊设计的
半月形斧子切开树皮
The workers use a specially designed half-moon axe
to slice into the bark,
他们小心谨慎
不会损害里面的主树干
being careful not to harm the main trunk of the tree inside.
接着 他们撬开软木的外层
They then lever the outer layer of cork off.
这块木板越大 价值就越高
The bigger the plank, the more it is worth,
所以他们会尽量保持软木的完整性
so they keep as much as possible in one piece.
最后 他们将新收获的木材运去加工
Finally, they ship the freshly harvested wood for processing.
这里是葡萄牙软木生产商
阿莫林软木集团的加工地
Here at Corticeira Amorim's processing yard,
他们从全国各地采集软木橡树
they collect cork oak from all over the country.
葡萄牙是世界上最大的软木塞产地
Portugal is the world's largest producer of cork.
如果你家里有软木塞
If you have any in your home,
大半是由这个工厂加工而成
there's a good chance it was processed here, in this factory.
对这个公♥司♥的林业首席执行官
保罗·亚美利哥·奥利伟拉来说
For the company's forestry CEO, Paulo Américo De Oliveira,
可谓重担在肩
that's a huge responsibility.
世界上有百分之三十到四十的
软木在这里加工生产
We process between 30 and 40% of the world cork production.
保罗·亚美利哥·奥利伟拉
软木塞加工商
软木是葡萄牙唯一一个
Cork as a business is the only business where the country Portugal
可以称得上是世界领导者的行业
can claim to be world leader.
工人们把成堆的软木露天放置
用一年的时间晾干
The workers dry the piles of cork
in the open air for around a year.
晾干后
When it's ready,
他们对这些木材进行分类
清理有损坏或腐烂的木头
they sort through the piles to remove any damaged or rotten wood.
接着他们将木材
放在巨大的水箱中煮沸进行消毒
Then they cook the planks in vast tanks of boiling water to sterilize them.
煮过的软木就可以变成各种产品
The boiled cork is then turned into everything,
从瓶塞到地板覆盖层
from bottle stoppers to floor coverings.
甚至可以应用于宇宙飞船
It's even used in spacecraft.
我们从六十年代初就是
美国国家航♥空♥航♥天♥局的供应商
We are NASA's suppliers since the early '60s.
你可以在航♥空♥航♥天♥ 交通运输 和震动控制领域中找到软木的身影
You can find cork in aerospace, in transportation, in vibration control.
我们可以这样形容软木这种材料
Cork is one of the materials where we can use the expression that,
“不起眼 却是真正的物尽其用“
"Nothing, nothing is lost. Everything is used."
最重要的是 采集软木不会损伤树木
Best of all,
because it is harvested without harming the tree,
软木产业是真正的可持续产业
cork is a fully sustainable industry,
同时大♥片♥的森林还提供了
世界一流的生物多样性
and the forests support world-beating levels of biodiversity.
葡萄牙约百分之八的国土为栓木林
With around 8% of the entire national territory dedicated to cork forests,
在未来几十年里
葡萄牙将继续为世界各地
Portugal looks set to keep supplying the world
供应这种多用途的神奇材料
with this versatile wonder material for decades to come.
葡萄牙的软木塞生产商
Portugal's cork producers work hand-in-hand
与其著名的葡萄酒产业携手合作
with its famous wine industry.
葡萄牙的葡萄酒
每年生产约超六亿升
The country produces over 650 million liters every year,
包括葡萄牙独产的一种酒
including a type of wine that's uniquely Portuguese.
葡萄牙有十四个主要的葡萄酒产地
There are 14 major wine-producing regions across Portugal.
从上方看 有一个地方十分显眼
From above, one stands out.
那就是北部的杜罗地区
The Douro region in the north of the country.
杜罗地区看上去不是规则的几何状
Instead of geometric fields, the Douro region is filled
而是奇形怪状 环环相扣的 圆圈和漩涡图形
with strange interlocking patterns of loops and swirls,
如同按在地貌景观上的指纹
like a fingerprint pressed on to the landscape.
靠近拍 你会发现 这些漩涡其实是陡峭的梯田
Swooping lower reveals the swirls are actually steep terraces
依附在几近垂直的山谷两侧
that cling to the sides of near-vertical valleys,
沿着下方河流的走向
and follow the path of the river below.
这片极为陡峭的农田
This impossibly steep-looking farmland
是葡萄牙最出名的波特酒的产地之一
is the home of one of Portugal's most famous exports, port wine.
大卫·吉马朗埃斯
是第六代葡萄酒酿造师
David Guimaraens is a sixth-generation Portuguese winemaker.
他在这片地区管理着几家酒庄
He oversees several wineries in the region,
其中包括罗曼尼拉酒庄
including the Quinta da Roêda vineyard.
我的家族经商起家
My family started as merchants,
但后来我们变成了农民
同时也是葡萄酒酿造师
but we have evolved to become farmers and winemakers as well.
大卫·吉马朗埃斯
首席酿酒师
随着夏日的褪去
As summer draws to a close,
丰盈的葡萄沉甸甸地坠在藤上
and the plump grapes droop heavy on the vine,
此时正值杜罗河谷的丰收季
it's harvest time in the Douro Valley.
但这里的酿造师却面临着一个
But winemakers here face a unique problem
大众市场葡萄园无需考虑的问题
that most mass market vineyards don't have.
杜罗河谷陡峭的梯田