兰开斯特轰炸机（2022）

and a week after the Nuremberg raid, he threatened to resign.
他的上级最终让步了
His superiors backed down.
但变革的气息已在空气中弥漫
But change was in the arr.
在 1944 年春天
In the spring of 1944
轰炸机司令部暂时被盟军司令部所接管
Bomber Command was put under temporary new management.
盟军的将领们需要这些重型轰炸机
All led generals needed the heavy bombers
为解放欧洲铺平道路
to pave the way for the liberation of Europe.
档案记者:在 6 月 6 日凌晨
ARCHIVE REPORTER: The German gunners
沿着塞纳湾的德国炮手和海岸防御部队
and coast defence troops along the Seine Bay
遭受了来自轰炸机司令部的'兰卡斯特'
were called very early on the morning of June 6th
和哈利法克斯
by 8,500 tons of bombs
以及美国空军的'堡垒'和'解放者'轰炸机
dropped upon them by Lancasters and Halifaxes of Bomber Command
投下的 8500 吨♥炸♥弹♥的袭击
Fortresses and Liberators of the United States Air Force.
比尔·珀迪:我们接到命令,要前往
BILL PURDY: We were told that we were going to be sent
诺曼底海岸外的一处海滩
to a beach off the coast of Normandy
轰炸目标是那里的五门海岸炮
and bomb a target, five naval guns
没人知道,这其实是“诺曼底登陆日”的序幕
And no one knew that it was in fact, the run up to D-Day.
比尔·珀迪
英国皇家空军飞行员
我们奉命越过英吉利海峡
So we were to cross and to drop
在不到一个城市街区的区域内
probably 1800 thousand pound bombs
投下大约 1800 颗千磅炸♥弹♥
on an area less than a city block, for sure.
结果整个地方被彻底摧毁
And it just wiped out the whole place.
半边悬崖、炮台、所有防御工事
We took half the cliff and the gun emplacements
全都被夷为平地
everything else away.
当我们转身返航时
And as we turned to come home
我敢肯定我们所有人都发出了“啊——”的一声
I'm sure we all just went, "Ahh".
那一幕,将永远不会再被重现
It was a sight that will never ever be seen again
因为就在那时,第一批载着士兵的登陆舰正在驶向海滩
because the first of the landing ships with the troops on were coming in.
那,就是诺曼底登陆的开始
That was the start of D-Day.
格里·诺伍德:当我们飞越英吉利海峡
GERRY NORWOOD: As we come across the channel
时往下看,你根本看不到海水——海面上密密麻麻,全是船
we looked down, you couldn't see the sea for boats.
登陆艇、运输舰、滑翔机
All the landing barges and everything was going in
格里·诺伍德
英国皇家空军机♥枪♥手
全都在向法国进发
the gliders were going in with the airborne divisions
那一幕,壮观得令人屏息
and it was a magnificent sight.
比尔·珀迪:我敢说,那天海峡上根本没一处空着的地方
BILL PURDY: I reckon I could have put my wheels down
要是我想
and taxied home
我甚至可以放下起落架,直接在船队上滑行回家
because there was just not a piece of the Channel left for us.
整个英吉利海峡都被舰船铺满了
It was just all covered with ships.
旁白:战争还没有结束
NARRATOR: The war was not won
但胜利的天平,已经开始倾斜
but the tide was turning.
在连续四年的夜间轰炸之后
After four years of flying at night
轰炸司令部重新展开日间行动
Bomber Command resumed a daylight operations.
随着盟军彻底掌握制空权
With the Allies in control of the air
兰开斯特轰炸机和它的机组终于能够展示:精准轰炸已不再是梦想
the Lancaster and her crews would prove that precision bombing was now possible.
我们的任务,是成为空中的重炮
Our job was to be the heavy artillery.
德军部队和坦克在卡昂地区集结
The German troops and tanks assembled at the Caen area
而我们的轰炸异常精准——
and we bombed very, very accurately
指挥官哈里斯一直坚信夜间区域轰炸的价值,对日间精确轰炸的能力持怀疑态度
精准到连'轰炸机哈里斯'本人都没想到我们能做到
which Bomber Harris didn't think we could manage.
旁白:兰开斯特的载重能力使得
NARRATOR: That pinpoint bombing was taken a step further
“精准轰炸”更进一步
by the lifting capability of the Lancaster.
此时,巴恩斯·沃利斯已经研制出两种全新的重型炸♥弹♥
Barnes Wallis had developed two new bombs
只有兰开斯特才能携带
that only the Lanc could carry.
约翰:其中一种是'高脚柜炸♥弹♥',重达一万二千磅
JOHN: One was the Tallboy at 12,000 pounds
另一种是'大满贯炸♥弹♥炸♥弹♥',重达两万二千磅,也就是十吨♥
and the other was the Grand Slam at 22,000 pounds, the ten ton bomb.
诺曼底登陆后不久
So immediately after D-Day
我们中队就装备了'高脚柜炸♥弹♥'
the squadron found itself equipped with the Tallboy.
第一次任务是轰炸一条重要的铁路隧♥道♥—
And the first operation was on a major rail tunnel.
德军正通过那条隧♥道♥向诺曼底海滩调兵
German troops had been sent through that tunnel
所以必须把它摧毁
heading towards the Normandy beaches
结果我们成功命中目标
and therefore it was essential to knock it out, which we did.
轰炸的精确度非常高
So we were achieving great accuracy with our bombing.
旁白:然而,即便取得了这样的成果
NARRATOR: Yet despite these achievements
轰炸机司令部仍被命令继续进行夜间的'区域轰炸'
Bomber Command was still directed to continue area attacks at night.
到了1945年2月,战争中
In February 1945, the stage was set
最臭名昭著的一次空袭即将上演
for the most notorious bombing raid of the war.
德累斯顿
乌苏拉:父亲帮我在德累斯顿找到了一所学校
URSULA: My father got me into a school in Dresden
那儿离我家乡开姆尼茨
which was about 50 miles away
乌苏拉·范·达姆
德国平民
大约有五十英里
from my hometown, Chemnitz.
战争的大部分时间里,我们一直觉得安全
Most of the war we felt safe and we were safe
我们在德国东部太远了
because we were so far east.
盟军飞机没有足够的燃料飞到这里
In those days they didn't have enough fuel or whatever.
直到后来,
They didn't come to us.
一切都变了
Until later on.
旁白:随着苏军在东线推进
NARRATOR: With the Russians advancing
英国首相丘吉尔急于提供援助,并趁机想重创正在从布雷斯劳撤退的德军
Churchill was keen to assist and baste the Germans as they retreat from Breslau.
在苏军推进路线前方的四座城市被选为潜在轰炸目标
Four cities in front of the Soviet push were selected as potential targets.
其中,苏军明确请求轰炸德累斯顿
Of those cities, the Red Army requested that Dresden
因为这座城市是重要的交通枢纽
as an important transport hub, be bombed
可以阻断德军向前线增援的部队
to disrupt German reinforcements coming into the battle area.
乌苏拉:当时的德累斯顿挤满了难民
URSULA:And Dresden was full of refugees
他们都是从东线逃避苏军的平民
who had run away from the Russian army coming.
他们以为这里是安全的地方
They all came because, well, that was safe.
德国在被占领国家放映的纪录片
背景音乐:柴可夫斯基《花之圆舞曲》
MUSIC: "Waltz of the Flowers" by Tchaikovsky
旁白:这次空袭的计划,是一次蓄意行动
NARRATOR: The attack was planned as a deliberate effort to destroy morale
旨在瓦解士气、制♥造♥前线后方的混乱.
and create chaos behind the front line.
比尔·古尔德:我出生在英国的斯托克城
BILL GOULD: I was born in Stoke-on-Trent
也叫“陶瓷之乡”
commonly known as the Potteries
所以对我来说,德累斯顿意味着“迈森瓷器”(欧洲瓷器的发源地).
so Dresden to me was Meissen pottery.
这一点在任务简报时确实触动了我
That... That did affect me at the briefing
比尔·古尔德
英国皇家空军飞行工程师
我心想:‘这有点像……
that I thought, "This is rather like...
轰炸斯托克城
bombing Stoke-on-Trent."
杰克·达克:简报的内容看起来
JACK DARK: The briefing was no different
和往常没什么不同
to any other target.
我们被告知要瞄准市中心的
We were told to mark the marshalling yards and that sort of thing
杰克·达克
先导部队的投弹手 领航员（探路者部队）
调车场之类的东西
in the centre of the town
而且我们被告知,这是为了帮助俄♥国♥人的推进
and we were told it was to help the Russian advance.
杰克·沃森:人们总以为我们轰炸的是一个
JACK WATSON: People think that we bombed a little town
摆满瓷器小店的宁静小城
that was full of shops selling Dresden china.
其实不是——那儿到处是军♥火♥工厂
It wasn't, it was full of munition factories.
也是德军防守柏林时的重要集结地
It was also a staging point for the people defending Berlin.
旁白:这时的轰炸机司令部正处于战力巅峰
NARRATOR: This was Bomber Command at the height of its power.
共有一千六百架重型轰炸机
One thousand six hundred heavy bombers
其中四分之三是'兰开斯特'式,分属七十三个中队
three quarters of which were Lancasters, in 73 squadrons.
这次对德累斯顿的行动全部由'兰开斯特'执行
And Dresden would be an all-Lancaster operation.
共有七百九十六架飞机投入轰炸
796 of the aircraft were launched against the city.
劳里:我记得当时大家都觉得……
LAURIE: I remember at the time we thought...
怎么说呢？我不知道用什么词合适
well, I don't know what's the right word
劳里·戴维斯
英国皇家空军信♥号♥♥员
就是觉得非常荣幸,能参与如此重要的阶段
very privileged to be going on such a big raid
如此大规模的空袭
at such an important stage.
乌苏拉:2月13日那天,我在家乡开姆尼茨
URSULA: And then on the 13th of February
放半期假
I was at home in Chemnitz on half term.
那时我 16 岁
I was then 16
我们能听到兰卡斯特机群在我们上空飞过的声音
and we could hear the Lancaster squadrons above us coming.
你能听到玻璃在震动
You could hear it on the glass vibrating.
乌苏拉·范·达姆
德国平民
如此庞大的机群飞过来
Such big squadrons coming over.
数量如此之多
So many.
光是那声音就让你感到害怕
The sound of it alone made you frightened.
我们心想,‘那一定是奔德累斯顿去的‘
And we thought, "That must be Dresden."
你知道,就是那个方向
That's the direction, you know? "That's Dresden.
‘那是德累斯顿.他们去轰炸德累斯顿了.’
They got... They gone... They're bombing Dresden."
杰克·达克:我们在德累斯顿投掷目标指示弹
JACK DARK: We were dropping a target indicator on Dresden.
我们是领航员,是第一批到达的
We were Pathfinders, we were one of the first.
我们比主力部队早大约三到四分钟
We were about three or four minutes before Main Force