与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

And sure enough,
当利根川进把老鼠放回笼子甲中时
when Susumu places the mouse back in chamber a,
它会突然一阵不寒而栗
it suddenly freezes in fear.
即使没有铁网地面
Even with no wire floor,
老鼠也觉得好像会被电到
the mouse acts like it might get a shock.
它现在拥有了一段虚假的记忆
It now possesses a false memory
在并没有通电的笼子中曾经被电到过
of being shocked in the chamber where no shock ever happened.
利根川进和他的同事
Susumu and his colleagues
已经成功地将虚假的记忆植入到了老鼠身上
have successfully inserted false memories into mice.
这是否意味着对人也可以做出同样的事呢？
Does this mean the same thing could be done to people?
今天存在于科幻小说中的情节
What is science fiction today
50年后就可能从科幻变成现实
may not be science fiction in 50 years.
人脑要比鼠脑大很多
Human brain much bigger than mouse brain,
但是理论上，是可行的
but theoretically, it's possible.
如果我们不能相信我们的记忆，我们的感觉
So if we can't trust our memories, our senses,
也不能相信其他人的
or each other,
还有什么能作为终极的真理呢？
is there any such thing as an ultimate truth?
这位物理学家正在从量子世界中寻找答案
This physicist is looking for answers in the quantum world.
他发现这种真♥相♥的概念
He is finding that the notion of truth keeps getting curiouser
越来越让人好奇
and curiouser.
真♥相♥在人类世界中很难发现
Truth is hard to find in the human world.
我们的大脑很容易说谎
Our brains are wired for lying.
我们会记得从未发生过的事
We remember events that never happened.
我们的感觉
And our senses
没有感知到周围世界真实的样子
don't perceive the reality of the world around us.
但我们当然可以使用科学的工具
But surely if we use the tools of science
去检验现实的基础本性
to examine the fundamental nature of reality,
我们可以看到终极的真理
we can see the ultimate truth.
除非宇宙本身，就是一个弥天大谎
Unless the universe itself lies to us.
大家好，我是杰夫·托拉克森，如假包换，童叟无欺哦
I am Jeff Tollaksen, and that's the truth.
杰夫·托拉克森，一名物理学家
Jeff Tollaksen, a physicist
就职于南加州的查普曼大学
at Chapman university in Southern California,
已经完成了多次量子世界之旅
has taken many trips into the quantum world.
每一粒沙子中
There are a million, million, billion atoms
都有10的21次方数量级的原子
in each individual grain of sand.
当我们说到量子世界的时候
But when we are talking about the quantum world,
我们聊的是组成原子的真小的粒子
we mean even smaller pieces of matter that make up the atoms.
质子，中子，电子
The protons, the neutrons, and the electrons --
它们组成了整个宇宙中的一切
They make up everything in the entire universe,
包括我们
including us.
杰夫知道，组成物体的基本积木
Jeff knows that the basic building blocks of existence
并不符合基本定律
don't follow basic rules.
以电子来举例吧
Take, for instance, the electron.
量子世界的法则
The laws of the quantum world
表明物质可以同时存在于
suggest that things can be at many different places
多个地点
at the same time.
这些法则也阻止我们了解关于电子的一切
They also forbid us from knowing everything about the electron.
这有一点像观察一只蜂鸟
It's a bit like looking at a hummingbird.
它们的翅膀扇动得很快，看起来就是一片模糊
Its wings are moving so fast that they appear as just a blur.
但如果我拍一张蜂鸟的照片
But if I take a photo of the hummingbird,
我就能弄清楚两件事之一
I can learn one of two things.
如果我提高快门速度
If I set it to a high shutter speed...
我就能清楚地看到翅膀的位置
...i can clearly see the location of the wings,
但我不知道它的速度
but I can't tell anything about velocity.
现在呢，我降低快门的速度
So now I'll set it to a low shutter speed.
照片就变模糊了
And now it's just a blur.
我无从得知翅膀的具体♥位♥置
I can't tell anything about the location of the wings,
但我可以知道它们具有速度
but I can clearly see that they have a velocity.
类似地，我们同时观察电子的确切位置和速度
Similarly, we can never know the true position
永远测不准
and velocity of an electron.
所以量子级别的真理的概念
So the notion of truth at the quantum level
与人类通常理解的真理是大相径庭的
is very different from our usual human understanding of truth.
尽管这些粒子看起来很奇怪
But as strange as these particles are,
我们仍然知道它们是细小的物质
we still know they are bits of matter
具有某些特定的性质
and they have certain defining properties,
例如自旋方向，以及电荷
such as spin direction and electrical charge.
物质和性质形影相随，正如岩石和坚硬
Matter and its properties go together like rock and hard.
你不能只要一个，不要另一个
You can't have one without the other.
能麽？
Or can you?
杰夫和同事们对宇宙
The more Jeff and his colleagues
的积木研究得越是深入
study the building blocks of the universe,
事情就变得越是扑朔迷离
the curiouser and curiouser it all becomes.
如果你读过刘易斯·卡洛尔的《爱丽丝梦游仙境》
If you've ever read Lewis carroll's "Alice in wonderland,"
你就会知道故事里有一只柴郡猫
you know that there is a cheshire cat.
现在，柴郡猫咧嘴傻笑
Now, the cheshire cat has a grin.
这咧嘴笑让人印象深刻
And it's a remarkable grin.
你不能只有柴郡猫而没有咧嘴笑
So you can't have the cheshire cat without the grin.
咧嘴笑属于猫
The grin belongs to the cat.
但有一天，爱丽丝和猫聊了起来
But one day, Alice is having a conversation with the cat,
突然间，猫的身体消失了
and suddenly, the body disappears,
只留下了咧嘴笑
leaving just the grin.
爱丽丝对此表示
To which Alice said,
“我去，不咧嘴笑的猫我倒经常见到
"well, I've often seen a cat without a grin.
但只有咧嘴笑，没有猫？
But a grin without a cat?
这也太惊悚了吧，什么鬼啊”
It's the most curious thing I've ever seen."
这在物理上来看是不可能的
Now, it seems physically impossible,
即使在你最荒诞的梦中，这样的事也不可能发生
even in your wildest dreams, that such a thing could happen.
但引人注目的是，我们预测了你可以做得到
But what's remarkable is we've predicted how you could do this,
也就是把性质与物质分享
namely separate properties from matter.
2014年六月
In July 2014,
杰夫和维也纳理工大学的同事们
Jeff and colleagues at the Vienna institute of technology
将这个预测付诸测试
put that prediction to the test.
他们能实际地创造出一个量子的柴郡猫吗？
Could they actually create a quantum cheshire cat?
他们把一股中子分成了两束
They split a stream of neutrons into two beams.
然后，他们用磁场给每一束中子
Then, they used magnetic fields to give the neutrons
赋予相反的自旋方向
in each beam opposite spin direction.
再用其他的磁场和过滤器
Using other magnetic fields and filters,
他们操纵这个系统
they manipulated the system
直到古怪的事情发生
until something very curious happened.
中子的质量全部通过了上边的一束
The mass of the neutrons went entirely through the upper beam,
但中子的自旋性质
while the neutrons' spin properties
仅通过下边的一束
traveled exclusively through the lower beam.
就像是猫和笑
Like a cat and its grin,
物质和性质被分离了
matter and its properties were separated.
如果有可能将物体
If it's possible to separate an object
与我们描述它的性质隔离开
from the properties that we use to describe it,
真♥相♥本身
is truth itself
只是另一个可以被去掉的性质呢？
just another property that can be stripped away?
我们是否离发现宇宙的真理更近了一步？
Are we closer to finding the truth about the universe,
或者明白“真理只不过是一介幽灵”更近了一步？
or closer to dismissing it as nothing more than a phantom?
每一次我们揭下一层面纱
Every time we peel back a little bit more of that veil,
我们都会发现新的真♥相♥，它们无与伦比地美丽，却也让人心生敬畏
we discover incredibly beautiful and awe-inspiring new truths.
不管科学家能不能发现
Whether or not scientists will ever be able to discover
绝对的真理，万物深层的本质
absolute truth, deep nature of everything,
我们不知道
we don't know.
但科学的宗旨，就是不断去尝试
But it is in the spirit of science to keep trying.
我们会不会持之以恒、一层一层地
Will we continue to peel back layer after layer
揭开新的真♥相♥？
of new truths forever?
以我们有限的感觉，易错的、选择性的记忆
Could we even comprehend the truth with our limited senses
能理解真♥相♥吗？
and our faulty, selective memories?
只有一件事，我们是可以肯定的
There's only one thing we can be sure of --
任何声称了解终极真♥相♥的人
Anyone who claims to know the ultimate truth...
很有可能只是在跟你讲另一个谎言罢了
...is probably just telling you another lie.