与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

也许能做加法，也许能做减法
maybe an addition, maybe a small subtraction.
如果你能做乘法
If you could do multiplication, you can an actually
就比可怜的加减法厉害多了
do better than than just poor adders and subtractors.
然后有人算出了平方根或者对数
Then somebody doing square roots or logarithms
或者积分，那他就能统治
or integrals would dominate
那些只会做乘法的人
over those that are just the pure multipliers.
红色的阿维达人看起来正在席卷
The red avidians look like they're going to take over.
但黄色突然站起来执行了一项新的
But then yellow stands up and executes a new,
高度复杂的跳跃动作
highly complex jumping Jack move.
突然间，黄色开始
Suddenly, yellow starts
比其他颜色繁殖得更快
replicating faster than the other colors.
很快，你就会看到黄色横扫六♥合♥
Very quickly, you'll see a yellow type taking over,
然后是红色改朝换代
which then is followed by a red type
再接下来是橙色
and then an orange type.
你会看到许多不同的颜色出现鹊起一时
And you'll see many different colors emerge,
昙花一现，然后归于沉寂
take over, and then go extinct again
在长♥期♥的进化中不断地上演
in a long, long period of evolution.
研究阿维达人让克里斯觉得有信心
Studying avidians makes Chris feel confident that,
如果数字外星人隐藏于我们的网络中
if digital aliens are hiding inside our networks,
他能够发现他们
he'll be able to find them.
他发现了一个生命的信♥号♥♥
He's found a telltale signature of life,
不管是生物的还是数字的
whether it's biological or digital.
像所有生命形式一样
Like all life forms,
阿维达人生来具有一组有限的指令
avidians are born with a finite set of instructions.
如果克里斯移除了导致阿维达人进化的奖励
If Chris removes the rewards that cause avidians to evolve,
那麽每一条指令
then each instruction
被用到的频率都会大致相同
will be used at roughly the same frequency.
但是这些有生命的阿维达人发现了一组指令
But living avidians find certain instructions
比另其他指令更有价值，于是使用得更加频繁
more valuable than others and use them far more often.
这就是克里斯的生命的信♥号♥♥
That is Chris' signature of life.
生物的生命都有等价的信♥号♥♥
Biological life has an equivalent signature.
我们体内用到的氨基酸的模式
The pattern of amino acids used in our bodies
与无生命物质中用到的随机模式
is very different from the random pattern
相去甚远
in nonliving matter.
但外星生命能否
But could aliens
比存在于我们的科技中离我们更近呢？
be even closer to us than inside our technology?
这位物理学家相信，无穷无尽的外星生命
This physicist believes an endless variety of aliens
也许与我们近在咫尺
may be only a fraction of an inch
遍布世界的每一个角落
away from every part of our world
我们却永远都接触不到
but could remain forever out of reach.
我们假定，如果外星生命已经在地球上了
We assume that, if alien life is already on earth,
一定是从其他地方旅行过来的
it had to have traveled here from somewhere else.
不管是原始的微生物还是先进的文明
Whether primitive microbes or advanced beings,
前提都是他们经过了很远的距离
the assumption is they had to cover vast distances.
但如果外星生命一直以来离我们只有一步之遥
But what if aliens have always been right next to us,
生活在现实的另一个平面上呢？
living on a different plane of reality?
理论物理学家亚历杭德罗·詹金斯
Theoretical physicist Alejandro Jenkins
始终对他生活的哥斯达黎加的生命的多样性
is constantly amazed by the diversity of life
感到惊叹
in his native Costa Rica.
但是他注意到，丰富多样的
But he's noticed that the seemingly endless variety
植物，动物
of plants, animals,
和昆虫只是各自聚集在分隔的区域中
and insects tend to cluster in separate domains.
想象一下树顶上的
Think of the difference between the canopy ecosystem
生态系统
that you have on the tree tops.
与其他截然不同的生态系统之间的区别
And then there would be entirely different ecosystem,
呃，就在这里，在沙滩上的生态系统
um, right here, on -- On the -- on the beach floor.
你也可以想到另一个生态系统
Maybe you can also think of another ecosystem
位于海洋的表面
on the surface of the ocean.
亚历杭德罗相信我们的宇宙
Alejandro believes our universe may be like one
就像是这些生态系统之一
of these ecosystems,
被丰富得难以置信的外星生命所包围
surrounded by an incredible variety of alien life,
不是在附近的恒星系统中
not in nearby star systems,
而是在我们的眼皮子底下
but right under our noses.
他认为外星生命离你、离我
He thinks the aliens could be within fractions
离这只蜘蛛，世间万物
of an inch of you,
只有几分之一英吋远
me, this spider, everything.
如果这是真的，他们到底在哪里呢？
If that's true, then where exactly are they?
他们位于一个多出来的维度中
They would be displaced in another additional dimension
不是我们日常生活中见到的
that is not one of the three dimensions that --
三个维度之一
That we see in everyday life.
许多物理学家坚信，空间和时间中
Many physicists are convinced there are dimensions
存在我们没有发现的维度
of space and time that we cannot detect.
外星生命是否生活在我们中间，却无法触及？
Could aliens be living right among us yet still out of reach?
超过三个维度并不容易想象
It's hard to think in terms of more than three dimensions.
所以不妨假设，我们不是生活在三维中
So let's suppose that instead of living in three dimensions,
而是二维
we lived in two.
呐，一张纸牌的表面
So, uh, the surface of a -- of a playing card
就是二维的
is two dimensional.
但如果你有一个额外的第三个维度
But if you have a -- An additional third dimension,
你可以把纸牌堆在一起，想堆多少堆多少
you can stack as many cards as you want.
我有这麽一张牌
So I can have this card,
但在它的下面
but right -- right below it,
我还有一张不同的牌，依此类推
I can have a different one and so forth.
所以或许我们的世界，我们的宇宙
So perhaps our world, our universe,
只是高维度宇宙中
is just one particular slice
某个特定的切片
through that higher dimensional space.
你只需要沿着这个额外的维度
You would have to move only a very tiny distance
移♥动♥一小段距离就能到达那里
in this other additional direction in order to get there.
亚历杭德罗相信可能存在于
Alejandro believes the life
这些额外维度的宇宙中的生命
that may exist in these extra-dimensional universes
可能以一种我们无法辩认的形式存在着
could be in a form that's hard for us to recognize.
我们可以在……在……在理论层面上预测
We would expect on -- on -- On theoretical grounds
这些其他的宇宙会有
that a lot of these other universes would have
不同的物质含量，以及不同的
different matter contents and different kinds of --
物质
Of forces between --
的粒子之间的作用力
Between the particle, upon the matter.
也许在某些情况下，甚至这些力
Perhaps in some cases, even though the forces
是不同的，呃
are different, uh,
你仍然能够得到生命的形式
you would still be able to get a form of life.
在哥斯达黎加的这片野生区域
In this wild section of Costa Rica,
一个生态系统中的大部分生物
most creatures in one ecosystem
都不知道邻近生态系统中其他生物的存在
are unaware the living things in an adjacent ecosystem exist.
我们这里有一条线
What we have here is a line
蚂蚁驮着叶子回到它们的巢中
of ants that's carrying leaves back to its nest.
可以想象，当它们沿着树干爬的时候
And I imagine that, as they move down the trunk,
它们只知道
they're only aware of the fact
它们可以上下左右地爬
that they can move up or down to their left or to their right.
而我们知道还有一个额外的维度
And we know that there's another dimension
蚂蚁是去不了的
in which the ant cannot move.
它们不是蝴蝶
It's not like they're butterfly.
不能飞向那个方向
Cannot fly away in that direction.
但它们可能根本不知道那里还有什么
So maybe they're not aware of the fact that there's something
其他的东西
else out there.
我们也许就像这些蚂蚁一样
We might be like the ants,
无法看到我们周围其他的宇宙
unable to see other universes around us.
我们能找到另一个维度，甚至旅行过去吗？
Could we ever find another dimension or even travel there?
亚历杭德罗觉得恐怕不能
Alejandro thinks probably not.
似乎我们永远做不到
It would seem like we would never be able
看到其他的宇宙
to see those other universes
因为光没办法穿越那道鸿沟
because light would not be able to cross that divide.
关于寻找外星人，有一种说法是
The old saying about the search for aliens
“真♥相♥就在那里”
was, "the truth is out there."
但它们也有可能在这里
Well, there's a good chance that they're also in here.
当我们发现外星人时
When we discover aliens, will we
我们会不会发现关于生命、意识、智慧的
also discover a completely new concept of life, consciousness,
焕然一新的概念？
and intelligence?
我当然希望如此
I certainly hope so.
我们唯一可以确知的是
The only thing we really know for sure
我们的文明只是大局当中
is that our civilization is just a tiny speck
微不足道的一部分
in the greater scheme of things.