地球之声（2024）

一片漆黑中存在着一种微小的生物 叫浮游生物
In the darkness,tiny creatures called plankton
有些浮游生物体型微小
some microscopic in size…
在水中游走时会发出微小的声音
make minuscule soundsas they travel through the water.
当数之不尽的浮游生物聚在一起时 就会在海底深处一种特有的滋滋声
In their billions,they create the buzz of the deep ocean.
往更深处下潜 生物外形变得越来越奇葩
Diving further,the creatures get even stranger.
声音亦然
And so do the sounds.
在800米深处
At half a mile down,
深海声音探测台搜集到一种空灵的交谈声
deepwater listening stationspick up otherworldly chatter.
到了海底某个深度
At specific depths,
水的密度大大提升意味着声音在水中传播的距离
the water density meanssound can travel further
比在陆地上任何地方还要远
than anywhere else on the planet.
这首“蓝鲸之歌♥”
This blue whale song…
很可能来自一千六百多公里以外的地方
could be coming froma whale a thousand miles away.
是在自然界中传播距离最远的呼叫声
It's the furthest-reaching callin the natural world
这也是世界上体积最大的动物在茫茫大海中与同类保持联♥系♥的方式
and is how the largest creatures on Earthkeep in touch across oceans…
即使彼此从未见面
without ever seeing each other.
但纵观世界各地的海洋就属阿♥拉♥斯加太平洋海岸一带的生物
But the most ingenious use of soundin all the world's oceans occurs
最懂得声音的妙用
off the Pacific Coast of Alaska.
每到春季 这片海岸迸发出生命的活力
Each spring, these shores erupt with life.
春季大量繁衍的浮游生物
From the depths,
从深处游往高处 将海水渲染成墨绿色
a spring bloom of planktonturns the water emerald green
吸引数以百万计的鲱鱼前来觅食
and draws up millions of herring…
也招来来自远方大洋饥肠辘辘的猎食动物
bringing in hungry predatorsfrom far and wide.
从夏威夷出发经历八千多公里的迁徙之旅后
After a 5,000-mile migration from Hawaii,
座头鲸终于抵达了觅食地
the humpbacks have arrivedat their feeding grounds.
它们已经有五个月没进食
They haven't eaten for up to five months,
饥不可堪
and they're famished.
它们捕食海面上的小磷虾和浮游生物
On the surface, they snackon tiny morsels of krill and plankton.
但这些“小吃”并不足以让饥饿难耐的座头鲸吃饱
And that's not nearly enoughfor a hungry humpback.
它们要捕食藏在海底下的大型鲱鱼群
They're after the vast schools of herringhiding beneath.
要成功捕捉鲱鱼群
And to catch them,
它们必须布下一种自然界最复杂的声学陷阱
they'll have to setnature's most elaborate acoustic trap.
鲸群按一定队形散开
They fan out in formation…
同时潜入海底
and then dive in synchrony.
固定在鲸鱼身上的麦克风和摄像头 让我们得以随着鲸群潜入海底深处
Now, onboard microphones and camerasallow us to ride into the depths
窥探这场捕猎盛事
with the hunting party
以空前未有的特殊方式揭秘座头鲸的捕猎习性
to reveal the humpbacks' feeding behaviorin an extraordinary new way.
鲸群发出低吟声保持联♥系♥
Keeping in touch with low grunts…
它们游至鲱鱼群下方
they swim down beneath the herring shoal.
接着带头的鲸鱼做出一个惊人的动作
Then the lead whaledoes something remarkable.
它使用喷气孔制♥造♥出一连串气泡
From his blowhole,he creates a stream of bubbles.
气泡可喷射长达一分钟
He can keep blowing for over a minute.
气泡升到海面上后
As the bubbles rise,
在鱼群周围形成一张气泡网
they create a curtainsurrounding the fish, a bubble net.
同时 首领使出其秘密声学武器
At the same time, the leader revealshis secret acoustic weapon:
发出一阵余音久久不绝的呼叫声
a haunting war cry.
这种诡异的叫声在冉冉上升的气泡幕上反射
This eerie call bouncesoff the rising bubble curtain
受到惊吓的鲱鱼群纷纷游向网中♥央♥
and scares the herringinto the center of the net.
首领发出最后一声呼唤
The leader now blasts out its final call
通知结伴捕猎的鲸群游往海面
telling the hunting partyto head to the surface…
示意这场鲱鱼盛宴可以开始了
so the feast can begin.
善用气泡网捕猎手法
Using this bubble netting technique,
每只鲸鱼每天能吞噬900多公斤的鲱鱼
each whale can devourover a ton of herring a day.
通过这种独特的视角观察鲸鱼生态让我们对座头鲸
This unique view into the whale's worldsheds new light
利用声学的惊人方式有了新的了解
on the extraordinary waythat humpbacks harness the power of sound.
声 音 背 后
为了在座头鲸的声学领域中取得新见解
To gain new insightsinto the sonic world of humpback whales…
剧组来到鲸群在夏威夷的繁殖地
the Earthsounds team followed themfrom their breeding grounds in Hawaii…
并一路追踪它们到北太平洋的觅食地
to their feeding groundsin the North Pacific.
鱼群跳起来了
Fish are jumping.
很好
Yeah.
不错嘛
Nice.
在这里 剧组与来自
Here, they teamed up with researchers
阿♥拉♥斯加大学和阿♥拉♥斯加鲸鱼基金会的研究员携手合作
from the University of Alaskaand the Alaska Whale Foundation
后者使用顶尖科技研究鲸鱼的气泡网捕猎行为
who are using pioneering new technologyto study bubble net feeding.
虽然观察这群鲸鱼23年了 我们对它们的理解依然少之又少
Despite 23 years of watching these whales,we still know so little about them
安迪 · 萨博
阿♥拉♥斯加鲸鱼基金会
麦迪森 · 库斯玛
阿♥拉♥斯加大学东南分校
因为以前没有适合的科技让我们去了解
because we just didn't have thetechnology that would give us any insight
去窥探鲸鱼的习性
or give us that windowinto what they're doing
直到我们发明出这种标记物为止
until we start getting tags like this.
每个标记物里附有摄像头
Each tag contains a camera,
麦克风和运动传感器
microphone, and movement sensors
便于研究团队追踪海底的鲸群
that allows the teamto track the whales underwater.
标记物表面的好几个小吸盘能吸附在鲸鱼身上一段时间
They attach temporarilywith a series of small suction cups
也不会对厚实的鲸鱼皮带来伤害
that cause no harmto the whale's thick skin
研究员使用一支3米长的棍子将标记物置于目标身上
and are deployedfrom the end of a 10-foot-long pole.
我看到尾鳍了 -很好
I see a fluke. -Cool.
阿♥拉♥斯加座头鲸被列为濒危物种
Alaska's humpbacksare considered endangered.
研究员需要取得特有准证才能使用标记物 靠近鲸鱼也必须步步为营
So using the tags requires special permitsand a very careful approach.
我们要慢慢地靠近鲸群
You're slowly tryingto get into the group,
很自然地融入鲸群
be a part of the herd.
我们不能积极地靠近它们
It's a really passive waythat we're doing this.
行驶速度的微小变化足以影响鲸群的行为
Just the slight change of speedcan change their behavior,
这是我们要避免的事
and you don't want that.
令人惊讶的是
Amazingly,
知道怎么演唱这首独有“捕猎歌♥”的座头鲸少于30只
fewer than 30 whales areknown to sing this special feeding call.
这群鲸鱼被称为“主唱”
They're known as vocalizers.
但研究员至今仍未证实主唱是否也是喷出环状气泡网的鲸鱼
But it's still unproven whetherthe same whale also blows the bubble ring.
安迪发现其中一只叫阿佩奇欧的鲸鱼
Andy has spotted one of these whales,called Arpeggio,
也许能为他们解答
who might give them the answer.
自1990年代起阿佩奇欧就被列入观察行列中
Arpeggio has beenin the sighting database since the '90s
研究员相信它是鲸群中其中一个关键主唱
and believed to beone of the key vocalizers in the group.
把标记物固定在那只鲸鱼身上时心情挺激动的
So, I mean, getting a tag on that whalewas pretty exciting.
只是要把标记物固定在鲸鱼身上正确的位置上
But placing a tag onthe right whale at just the right spot
还在吗？
Still there?
说起来容易做起来难
is easier said than done.
它好像知道我们的意图
Seem to just be knowing
待在我们刚好够不到的地方 -是啊
to stay just far enough away. -Yeah.
研究员谨慎耐心地靠近
With a careful and patient approach,
鲸群不断在附近水域布下气泡网捕猎
the whales continue to bubble net feedclose by.
前面出现气泡
Bubbles in front of us.
多近？ -在船底下
How close? -Like, going under us.
是
Oh, yeah.
没错
Oh, yeah.
太好了 -是啊
Yes. -Yeah.
好 在这边…
Okay, right here.
看到了 在正前方
There it is. Right in front of us.
在正前方
Right in front of us.
鲸群游回海面那瞬间
With the whales back on the surface,
研究团队只有一小段时间将标记物小心翼翼地固定好
the team has the briefest momentto carefully deploy the tag.
好
Nice!
不错嘛 麦迪 你还真不是盖的
Nice, Maddy. You're just like a boss.
好耶
Yeah!
将好几个标记物固定在其中几只鲸鱼身上后
With multiple tags appliedamongst the group…
就让鲸群带着它们进入自己的世界吧
it was now over to the whalesto take the tags into their world.
我听见哔声了
I hear a beep.
研究团队隔着一段距离追踪鲸群之际
While the team track them from a distance
其中一只鲸鱼开始展开捕猎行动
and one whale isin the midst of the action.
开始了 -你确定？
There we go. -Are you sure?
是阿佩奇欧
Arpeggio.
对 是阿佩奇欧…
Oh, yes, it's Arpeggio. That's Arpeggio.
很好
Awesome.
标记物能贴附在鲸鱼身上长达24个小时
The tags can stay onfor up to 24 hours before detaching.
回收并下载完毕后
And once recovered and downloaded,
研究团队第一次窥见
the team is giventhe incredible new glimpse
他们期待已久的神秘鲸鱼世界
into the whale's worldthey've been waiting for.
来了
Here we go.
这是起点
Right from the start.
太妙了
That's awesome.
它就是阿佩奇欧