地球之声（2024）

画 外 音
汤 姆 · 希 德 斯 顿
过去三年来
Over the last three years,
剧组横跨世界七大洲
the Earthsounds team has capturedthe sounds of the natural world
成功捕捉到前所未有的大自然之音
across all seven continentslike never before.
这低吼声真好听
That's a lovely rumble.
这些录音也揭露了更大的真♥相♥
But these recordings tell a bigger story.
地球面临气候变化问题野生动物濒临灭绝
As our planet faces climate changeand is losing wildlife…
我们意识到聆听大自然…
we're discoveringthat listening to nature…
天啊 好棒
Wow, this is brilliant.
1993年至2015年加州 舒格洛夫山国家公园
有助于我们取得保护大自然环境的关键线索
could provide vital cluesto help us protect it.
在这部特辑中
In this special episode…
看到了 没错 就在那边
There it is. Yeah. Right there.
剧组与一群科学家同行后者利用革新声学技术
we follow scientistswho are using sound in revolutionary ways…
帮助拯救濒危物种
to help save endangered species
以及地球上最荒蛮的地方
and our wildest places.
加 利 福 尼 亚
通过声学来保护大自然环境的创新概念
The pioneering idea of using soundfor conservation
起于50年前发起人是传奇录音师伯尼 · 克劳斯
started 50 years ago with soundrecording legend Bernie Krause.
开始录音
And we're recording.
每年春季同一时期 伯尼不断重返
Bernie has been returning toSugarloaf Ridge State Park in California
位于加州的舒格洛夫山国家公园
at the same time each spring
以捕捉整个自然栖息地的声景
to capture a sonic snapshotof the entire habitat.
我们要捕捉“晨鸣”
What we're doingis recording the dawn chorus
“晨鸣”是指一天下来
and the dawn chorus is the time of day
动物用它们最旺盛的生命力来表达自我的时段
when the animals really express themselvesat their most vital.
那是一个奇妙的时刻
It's a magical moment.
这一刻 我听到珠颈斑鹑的声音
Well, right now I'm hearingCalifornia quail.
歌♥带鹀的声音
Song sparrows.
我听到背景有北美黑啄木鸟的啄木声
I'm hearing a pileated woodpeckerknocking in the background.
听听还有没有别的声音
And let's see what else?
我听到我的肚子咕噜咕噜响
I hear my stomach rumbling.
这些大自然的声响被称为“生物声”
These natural soundsare known as a biophony,
是一幅丰富多彩的声景
the richness of a soundscape.
“生物声”是指大自然的声响是大自然发出的声音
This biophony is the soundof the natural world. It's its voice.
声音宏亮
When it sounds robust,
意味着所有动物都在这支“合唱团”中占有一席之地
when all the animalshave a place in the choir,
说明这是个健康的栖息地
it's a healthy habitat.
反之则不是
When they don't, it's not.
加州森林遭遇山火期间
The importance of Bernie's recordings
伯尼的录音成了关键记录
became clearwhen disaster struck California's forests.
2017年10月 加州森林遭遇大火
Well, in October 2017,there was a huge fire.
在加州肆虐的托马斯山火总面♥积♥已蔓延至700多平方公里
California's Thomas Firealready more than 270 square miles.
这一区有70%栖息地被烧毁
And 70% of this part was burned.
损失极其严重
The destruction was extreme.
但早在大火爆发前几年人们已经可以从鸟鸣声中
But clues that the forests werealready suffering from a warming climate
窥探到加州森林正在承受着气候变暖带来的影响
can be heard in the bird songyears before the fires hit.
现在 我们看到的是舒格洛夫山国家公园的声景
Right now, we're looking at soundscapesfrom Sugarloaf Ridge State Park
屏幕上可以看到一张声谱图
and what we have on the screenis a spectrogram,
也就是声波图形模板
a graphic illustration of sound.
我想让你们看到随时间推进
And what I'm showing isthe change that's occurred over time
气候变化所造成的影响
as a result of climate change.
开始做研究时 舒格洛夫山处处生机勃勃
When Bernie's study started,Sugarloaf Ridge was full of life.
1993年 这一区的鸟类密度高其物种多样性丰富
In 1993, the density and diversityof the birds is fabulous.
很可能有20或25种鸟类栖息于此
There are probably 20, maybe 25,different species of birds.
但随着加州气温升高
But as California's climate warmed up,
鸟鸣声开始出现变化
the bird song started to change.
时间来到2014年 鸟类数量急剧下降
When we move to 2014,the birds have dropped off precipitously.
如今伯尼捕捉到的声音是当年的四分之一
Now, Bernie was picking uponly a quarter of what was there before.
几乎听不见任何声音
Hardly hear anything at all.
这是在预示着
This was an early warning
森林的气温正在以危险的速度上升
that the forestswere dangerously heating up
更可怕的事在后头
and worse was to come.
来到2015年 整个环境经历了剧变
So, when we get to 2015,things have really changed.
我们终于迎来了所谓的“寂静之春”
We have finally come towhat I call a silent spring.
几乎没有鸟类
There are almost no birds.
这是我生平第一次经历“寂静之春”
It's the first time in my lifeI've ever heard a silent spring.
我们失去所有美妙的大自然交响曲
We're just losing allof this wonderful orchestra.
过去十年之中有整整八年是加州有记录以来
Eight of the tenhottest years ever recorded in California
最暖的年份
have been in the last decade.
但伯尼的研究工作显示如果我们仔细聆听大自然
But Bernie's studies showif we listen to nature,
就能听出荒野健康质量的重要线索
we can hear powerful cluesabout the health of our wild places.
从事这项研究长达50年后我看见的物种、听见的声音越来越少
After 50 years of this work,I'm just seeing and hearing less and less.
原因不是我失聪了
And it's not becauseI'm losing my hearing.
而是因为这些生物正在迅速消失
It's because these thingsare going really fast,
我们必须设法去保护大自然生态
and we've got tofigure out a way to protect that.
将伯尼的研究方案
One solution could lie intaking Bernie's approach
大规模地使用在地球上最荒蛮的地方也是一种保育手法
and supersizing itin the wildest places on the planet.
热带雨林是世界上濒危物种最繁多的栖息地
Tropical forests are home to moreendangered species than anywhere else.
但每年有超过八万多平方公里的森林遭砍伐一空
But each year over 20 million acresof forest are cut down,
导致动物面临的压力越来越大
putting animals under increasing pressure.
波 多 黎 各
好像找到那棵树了
I think we may have found our tree.
是那棵吗？ -是的
That one?-Yeah.
为了保护动物生态
To help protect them,
名为“雨林交流机构”的雨林保育组织开创了声学科技小组
conservation group Rainforest Connectionis taking sound recording to another level
将录音工程提升至新的高度
in a new branch of acoustic science.
“生物声学”是一门通过声音来研究物种的学问
Bioacoustics is the studyof species through sound.
大部分物种都会发出声音
Majority of the species are vocal.
能听懂动物发声的原因
Being able to listen and understandwhy they're vocalizing,
是达到保育目标的绝佳方案
it's a really amazing wayof ultimately conserving them.
伯翰 · 亚辛和克里斯 · 哈蒙
Bourhan Yassin and Kris Harmon
想要寻找波多黎各森林内最吵闹的“住户”
want to track Puerto Rico'snoisiest forest residents,
特别是一种世界上最罕见的鸟类之一
especiallyone of the world's rarest birds,
波多黎各鹦鹉
the Puerto Rican parrot.
观察这种鹦鹉是因为它们属于极度濒危物种
The reason that we're monitoringthe parrot, it's critically endangered.
数量屈指可数
There are only a handful that are left,
因此有必要知道它们在经历什么
so it's really important to knowwhat is going on with them.
他们的计划是在下游森林国家公园约16平方公里范围内
They plan to do thisby miking up 4,000 acres
布置麦克风
in Rio Abajo State Forest,
并利用一种名为“守护者”的高科技录音器来录音
using a network ofhigh-tech recorders called guardians.
“守护者”是一种植于森林深处的移♥动♥电脑设备
The guardian device is a mobilecomputer in the middle of the forest.
它具备大量功能 除了录音以外
So it has a lot of capabilityto not just record audio
还能解析周围的环境和声响
but also understand its surroundingand analyze the audio.
我们在机箱前面插入麦克风
There's a microphone that getsplugged in in the front of the box.
要窥听整座森林的声音
To eavesdrop on the entire forest,
最适合植入麦克风的地点是在…
the best place to position the recorders…
来了
Incoming.
离地30米以上的树冠层
is over 100 feet upat the top of the canopy.
克里斯 听得清楚吗？
Kris, can you hear me okay?
好 听到 没问题 -我看不能再高了
Yeah, I've got you. No problem.-I don't think I can go any higher.
眼前看到一幅漂亮的山谷景色
I have a beautiful viewof the valley in front of me.
可以开始安装了 -那就好 加油
We'll get started on the installation.-Awesome. Good luck.
测试一下“守护者”的麦克风
Just doing a quick mic teston the guardian mic.
很好 声音非常清楚
Yeah, that came through crystal clear.
可以了 -太好了
You're good.-Awesome.
我看可以启动了
I think we're good to go man.
这是在下游森林中安装好的第一台“守护者”
This is the first guardianinstalled in Rio Abajo.
厉害吧？
How cool is that?
没错 很好老实说 这已经是最好的结果了
No, that's perfect.Honestly, couldn't ask for better.
每一台设备能探测到来自2公里以外的声响
Each device can detect soundsfrom up to a mile away
并通过人工智能来搜集各种动物发出的声音
and uses artificial intelligence topick out the calls of specific animals.
设备由人工智能操作 我们已经设置好了 让设备收集约40种不同物种的声音
The AI is running, and we have it setto pick up I think 40 different species
并自动进行辨识
and automatically identify those.
因此我们不用走进森林寻找动物的踪迹
So instead of any of us having togo in and look for anything
不用亲自去辨识这些物种设备全天候操作
and sort of manually find the species,the model is constantly running,
所以我们每时每刻都在输出
and so, we'll have output really 24-7.
除了波多黎各之外
As well as Puerto Rico,
这项科技也在全球35个国家操作
this technology is up and runningin 35 countries,
全天候聆听超过三千种物种的叫声
constantly listening for the callsof over 3,000 species.
“守护者”还有更厉害的能力
But the guardianscan do something even more amazing.
它们能搜集到违法伐木活动的警报声