地球之声（2024）

这是亚马逊雨林
The Amazon rainforest.
画 外 音
汤 姆 · 希 德 斯 顿
是地球上生物数量最多的地方
There's more life herethan anywhere else on Earth.
数以万计不同物种的叫声
The calls of tens of thousandsof different species
交织成这道地球上最丰富的声景
make this the richest soundscapeon the planet.
在一片喧嚣的声景中
With the airwaves so packed,
最大的挑战是
the biggest challenge here
如何在竞争中出线 让自己的声音被听见
is how to make yourself heardabove the competition.
其中一个方法便是提高声量
And one way of doing thisis to pump up the volume.
它是声量最大的陆生动物
Meet the loudest of all land animals.
吼猴
The howler monkey.
吼猴生活在小型群体中
Howlers live in small troops
白天穿梭于林冠间觅食
and they spend their daysfeeding in the canopy.
它们最爱逗留的树上长着森林里最鲜甜的水果
Their favorite treeshave the tastiest fruit.
猴群过着轻松自在的生活
Life here is pretty relaxed.
只是猴爸爸天天都要嚎叫一次
Apart from once a day
向同类宣示其家族在某个觅食地的主♥权♥
when Dad claimshis family's feeding spot by howling.
猴爸爸的吼叫声可达140分贝
At 140 decibels,
跟喷气发动机发出的噪音音量一样高
his call is as loud as a jet engine.
5公里以外也听得到
It can be heard from three miles away.
要发出这种震耳欲聋的吼叫声 诀窍在于吼猴巨大的声囊
The secret to this ear-splitting howlis his huge throat sac.
这种声囊含有被称为“舌骨”的空心骨
It contains a hollow boneknown as the hyoid.
形成一个足以压低和放大声量的共鸣腔
This acts like an echo chamber,deepening and amplifying his voice.
一般情况下这种长程警告足以吓退其他猴群
Usually, this long-range warningis enough to keep other groups away…
今天例外
but not today.
另一个猴群渐渐逼近
Another troop is closing in…
有意将果树占为己有
and want the feeding tree for themselves.
猴爸爸发出战帖邀对方来一场森林最强吼声比试
Dad challenges themto the jungle's loudest shouting contest.
随着比试升级猴爸爸转而发出气息较短的吠声
As the competition builds,he swaps to shorter barks.
这也意味着战况越来越激烈
A sign of increased aggression.
但敌人并没有撤退的意思
But when the rivals still don't back down,
猴群还有一记发声绝招
howlers have one final acoustic strategy.
让猴妈妈加入猴爸爸的战局
Mum and Dad join forces.
吼猴夫妻齐声吼叫 成功吓跑敌人
A duet that sends the intruders packing.
吼叫会消耗大量体力
Howling uses huge amounts of energy,
但一切都是值得的吼猴只需通过吼叫来揣摩敌我实力
but it's worth it, as these monkeys cansize each other up through sound alone,
因此很少爆发冲突
so rarely come to blows.
在树顶上 放声大吼有利无弊
While in the treetopsit may pay to be loud,
但在森林的地面上 情况就不同了
on the forest floor,it's a different story.
丛林深处
Deep in the jungle,
通过使用远程摄像机和麦克风如今我们得以窃听亚马逊雨林
we can now eavesdropon the Amazon's most elusive creatures…
最难以捕捉到的动物叫声
using remote cameras and microphones.
亚马逊诸多动物经常被舔泥处吸引泥巴是矿物质主要来源
Here, animals are drawn to clay licks,a vital source of minerals.
令人惊讶的是 地上的动物都不声不响
But surprisingly, no one makes a sound.
就连吼猴也噤若寒蝉
Even the howler monkeys are hushed.
地面上 吼猴静悄悄地打架
Down here, they battle in silence.
这是从未被摄入镜头的行为
A behavior never filmed before.
这种默不作声的行为并非毫无来由
And there's a good reasonfor their stealth.
这是美洲豹
A jaguar.
亚马逊雨林的顶级猎食动物
The Amazon's apex predator.
它在潜行觅食
As he prowls,
途经之处鸟儿纷纷发出具有警报作用的叫声
the alarm calls of birdsfollow his every move.
鸟儿是雨林的“邻里守望小组”
It's the rainforest's neighborhood watch.
所有动物都在侧耳倾听这些警报信♥号♥♥
Every animal is listening outfor these warnings.
只需一声尖锐的警报声
All it takes is one shrill alarm…
所有动物便慌忙逃散
and everyone scarpers.
南美洲最大体积的猫科动物 竟然被雨林最杰出的警报系统打败了
South America's biggest cat foiled bythe rainforest's remarkable alarm system.
亚马逊雨林声景的差异不仅体现在地面与林冠之间
The soundscape of the Amazon not onlychanges from forest floor to canopy,
也体现在每日不同时段之间
but also throughout the day.
黎明时分 空气凉爽静止意味着声音得以传播得更远
Around dawn, the cool, still airmeans sound travels further.
是灵长类动物发出远程叫声的最佳时机
The perfect time for primatesto broadcast long-range calls.
这跟鸟儿选在空气偏冷的早晨引吭高歌♥是同一个道理
It's why birds also singin the cooler mornings.
随着白天湿气上升声音传播的距离越来越短
As humidity builds during the day,sound doesn't travel as far.
体型较大的动物不再发出叫声将声音的舞台留给各种昆虫
Larger animals stop calling,leaving the airwaves open for insects.
黄昏时分
At dusk,
大䳍是最后一种发出叫声的鸟类
one of the last birds to callis the great tinamou.
入夜后 另一首交响乐响起
At night, a new chorus takes over.
蛙群在一片漆黑中呱呱叫
Frogs call in the dark.
有些蛙类叫声听起来像赛车
Some even sound like racing cars.
时机把握得分秒不差
Perfectly timed,
这就是大自然最精妙的百兽♥交♥响乐
this is nature's most intricateanimal orchestra.
经过了数以百万年的不断调整升华
Fine-tuned over millions of years.
但并非所有森林原住民都会遵守这套精心编排过的时程表
But not all jungle dwellers stick to thiscarefully choreographed daily schedule.
这是三趾树懒地球上速度最慢的哺乳动物
The three-fingered sloth,the slowest mammal on the planet.
为了躲避猎食动物大部分时间 它们都安静地躲藏起来
To avoid predators, they stay hiddenand quiet most of the time.
但为了寻找配偶雌树懒每个月会打破沉默一次
But once a month, to attract a mate,female sloths break their silence…
唱出雨林最具穿透力情歌♥
with the rainforest'smost piercing love song.
雄树懒原本过着无忧无虑的生活
For male sloths, life is laid back.
直到听到雌树懒发出刺耳的呼唤才如梦初醒
But the female's shrill invitationis a real wake-up call.
这只雄树懒不由自主地被雌树懒的情歌♥吸引
Irresistibly drawn towards her song,this male begins an epic journey…
于是爬下安全的树冠 展开一趟寻爱之旅
descending from the safety of the treetopsin pursuit of love.
在地上 它绝非速度最快的动物
On the ground, he's not the fastest…
奇差的视力也让它步步维艰
and being shortsighted doesn't help.
接近目标之际
As he gets closer,
它将速度加快 几乎高达每小时1.6公里
he ups his speedto nearly one mile an hour.
尽管没人能察觉到
Not that you'd notice.
它终于抵达雌树懒所在的树
Finally, he makes it to the female's tree.
问题是它遇到了对手
But now he's got competition.
也就是另一只雄树懒
Another male.
森林里最慢的竞速开始了
The jungle's slowest race is on.
眼见双方即将正面交锋
The rivals are on a collision course.
树懒打架实属罕见 麦克风近距离捕捉到冲突过程的声音
Microphones capture the close-up soundsof the rare sloth fight.
男主挥出一记强而有力的左勾拳
Our male throws a fierce left hook
其对手发出一声呜咽
and his rival lets out a whimper.
说明它决定放弃了
It's a sign that he's giving up,
留下男主继续完成任务 与女主相会
leaving our male to complete his missionand join the female.
两只树懒的交♥配♥过程不到一分钟
Their final coming togethertakes less than a minute.
看来这是树懒唯一做得快的事
It seems it's the only thingsloths do quickly.
通过声音
United through sound,
世界上速度最慢的哺乳动物在林冠间找到了爱情
the world's slowest mammalsfind love in the canopy.
但在亚马逊的声音竞赛中
But in the battlefor the Amazon's airwaves,
有个天天上演的景象将森林中最尖锐的声音淹没
there's one daily event that drowns outeven the most piercing call.
每天下午
Every afternoon,
滴滴雨点
the patter of each raindrop…
落在大小不一的叶片上
falling on different-sized leaves…
打造出不同的音调
creates different notes…
形成复杂的节奏
and builds to a complex beat.
一场暴雨
In a single storm,
足以带来数万亿的雨滴
over a trillion raindrops can fall…
交织出响彻大地的背景噪音
producing a background din so loud…
大部分动物都噤若寒蝉
most animals simply stop calling.
暴雨过后 鸟儿再次放声合唱
After a storm,the birds soon restart their chorus.
一只小鸟儿跳上枝头用一种特有的方式让自己被听到
And one little bird has come upwith a unique way of making itself heard.
这是梅花翅娇鹟
The club-winged manakin.
这只俊朗的雄鸟急欲吸引对象
This handsome young male is keento attract a partner.
但在茂密的灌木丛中它鲜艳的羽毛可能不容易引起瞩目
But in the dense undergrowth,his bright feathers can be hard to spot.
于是它动用小聪明
So, he's come up with a nifty way
来吸引任何身在附近的雌鸟
of getting the attentionof any female nearby.
它不唱歌♥
Instead of singing,
而是动用翅膀
he uses his wings…
将翅膀变成乐器
as a musical instrument.
这种行为叫“摩擦发音”
It's known as stridulation,
鸟类中只有梅花翅娇鹟能用这种方式发声
and manakins are the only birdsthat do it.
将梅花翅娇鹟的声音放慢
By slowing their sound down…
这场演奏的奥秘就昭然若揭了
we can show the secretto his performance.
只见雄鸟翅膀上的羽毛♥相♥互交叠犹如用小提琴弓拉动琴弦
The feathers slide over each other likea bow playing the strings of a violin.
遗憾的是 今天除了这只年轻的雄鸟以外还有其他雄鸟参与演出
But unfortunately for this youngster,he isn't the only one performing today.
多达十只不同的雄鸟聚集在这片林区
Up to ten different maleshave gathered in this patch of forest.
要脱颖而出
To outplay the competition,
男主就必须展现出大♥师♥级的表现
our male needs to put ona virtuoso performance.