地球之声（2024）

北美洲森林迎来寒冬
Winter in the forests of North America.
画 外 音
汤 姆 · 希 德 斯 顿
在这个静谧的世界中无数棵树形成一个巨大的声学迷宫
A hushed world where billionsof trees create a giant acoustic maze.
厚厚一层积雪将一切声响掩盖
And deep snow muffles sound.
对于栖息此处的动物来说
For the animals that live here,this is the stage
这是自然界最大的捉迷藏游戏舞台
for nature's greatest gameof hide-and-seek.
这是赤狐
The red fox.
树林中捕猎技能最出色的猎手
The woodland's most acrobatic hunter.
这只年轻的雄狐迎来毕生第一个冬季
This young maleis braving his first winter…
这也意味着它在学习
and that meansmastering the tricky challenge
仅仅通过听觉来捕捉
of catching preyhidden deep beneath the snow
深藏在积雪下的猎物
just by listening.
它的目标是藏在地面以下60多厘米处的草甸田鼠
He's after meadow voles,two feet under the surface.
为了隐藏起来
To keep hidden,
它们用一种尖锐且人类听不到的秘密语言沟通
they communicate in a secret languageso high-pitched it's inaudible to us.
但通过特殊麦克风我们得以听见它们的叫声
But with specialist microphones,we can tune in to their calls.
田鼠们利用这种诡异的哨叫声在通道里保持联♥系♥
The voles use these eerie whistlesto keep in touch through their tunnels…
以及警告同类附近有危险
…and to warn each other of danger.
与人类的耳朵不同 赤狐的听觉对田鼠的一举一动都很敏感
Unlike our ears, the foxes are attunedto the voles' every move.
为了准确地定位田鼠的位置
To work out exactly where they are,
它利用一种叫“三角定位”的声学手法
he uses a technique called triangulation.
也就是比较…
By comparing tiny differences in sound…
左耳和右耳所听到的声音微差
hitting his left and right ear…
锁定猎物所在的位置 误差不超过5厘米
he can pinpoint his preyto within two inches.
听出猎物的位置是一回事
Hearing them is one thing,
捕捉猎物则是另一回事
but catching them is quite another.
在厚厚的积雪上每一步都足以暴露它的行踪
In the deep snow,every footstep gives him away.
田鼠们发出尖锐的警报声
The voles sound their high-pitched alarm…
同类开始跳窜
and make their escape.
对年幼的赤狐来说 要掌握这种声学技巧
For our young fox,learning this acoustic feat…
需要反复地…
takes trial…
从错误中学习
and error.
这一次
This time…
是它“狐”力不济
he's been outfoxed.
但森林里还有其他猎食动物正在倾听田鼠在积雪下的动静
But he's not the only forest predatorlistening for voles beneath the snow.
这是乌林鸮
The great gray owl…
是树林中最擅长靠声学技术捕猎的猎手
the woodland's ultimate acoustic hunter.
乌林鸮的听觉敏感度比赤狐远胜一筹
Her hearing is even sharperthan the fox's…
这都多亏其奇特的脸型
thanks largelyto the unique shape of her face.
乌林鸮巨大的面盘尺寸占据猫头鹰类群之首
Her giant facial disc,the biggest of any owl,
具有跟卫星碟相似的功能
acts like a satellite dish…
能收集并放大
collecting and amplifying
每个细微的声响
every tiny sound.
这种面盘是强大的声波接收器
It's a super-sense so powerful,
让它能在45米以外听到田鼠在雪地之下的动静
she can hear a vole beneath the snowfrom 150 feet away.
乌林鸮也是个完美的潜行杀手
She's also the perfect stealth assassin.
其特有的锯齿状羽翅帮助它无声无息地靠近猎物
Special serrated feathers on her wingsallow her to approach in complete silence.
仅仅通过感应声响
Constantly tracking her prey's position
持续追踪猎物的位置
just through sound.
它只有在锁定猎物位置时
Only when she's locked on…
才发动攻击
will she strike.
借着敏锐的听觉
Thanks to their incredible hearing,
乌林鸮的捕猎成功率高达65%
65% of great gray owl hunts end in a meal.
经历六个月的寒冬后北美洲森林的气温开始上升
After six cold months,North America's forests begin to warm,
空气中充斥着另一种奇特的声响
and otherworldly sounds fill the airwaves.
冰封的湖泊开始移♥动♥破裂
Frozen lakes shift and crack.
置于湖面上下的麦克风
Microphones above and below the surface
捕捉到冰层每次破裂时发出的声响
capture the sound of each fracture.
在冰层中 高音传播得比低音更快
Higher notes travel throughthe ice faster than the lower ones…
于是形成了这种声波
creating these sonic pulses.
这种罕见的声学现象每年只出现几天
A rare phenomenonheard only a few days a year.
也意味着这片森林的声景
It's a sign the soundscapeof these forests
即将经历翻天覆地的变化
is about to undergoa radical transformation.
在渐渐强烈的阳光下
Under the strengthening sun,
原本覆盖着北美洲一半大♥陆♥的积雪
snow covering half the continentof North America…
开始融化
starts to melt.
释放出数万亿加仑的淡水
Releasing trillions of gallonsof fresh water…
将冰冻的涓流
it turns icy trickles…
转变成汹涌的河流
into raging rivers.
如今这片北方的森林处处洋溢着
Now these northern forests are filledwith the sounds
新生命的声响
of new life.
在树林深处
And deep in the woods…
隐藏摄像头捕捉到
hidden cameras capturethe debut performance
美洲其中一种最神秘的动物初出茅庐的情景
of one of America'smost secretive animals.
这只四周大的狼崽
This four-week-old wolf pup…
生平第一次从狼穴冒出头来
is emerging from the denfor the very first time.
趁着父母外出捕猎
With his parents off hunting,
它开始练习…
he starts to practice…
标志性的狼嚎声
the iconic wolf howl.
凡事起头难
Well, everyone has to start somewhere.
每只狼崽都有其独特的嚎叫声
Each pup has a unique voice
嚎叫声的特征透露出它们在家族里的地位
that holds important informationabout their place in the hierarchy.
即便是在这个年纪
Even at this age,
也能听出主导地位越高的狼崽嚎叫声更显低沉
the more dominant the wolf,the deeper the call.
长嚎在联络家族成员方面也具有重要的用途
Howling also plays a key rolein keeping the pack together.
有时 胆子较大的狼崽很容易擅自离队
Sometimes more adventurous pupswander off.
而这片森林并非适合单独活动的地方
And these woods are no place to be alone.
万一遇上黑熊
Bumping into a black bear…
后果可不堪设想
would not end well.
要找到回家的路
To find his way home,
这只狼崽必须善用刚学会的嚎叫技巧
this little wolf needs to usehis brand-new howl.
通过声音
Through sound…
它们团聚了
they're reunited.
短短一年后 成年狼发出的嚎叫声能让它们在相隔11公里的距离
In just a year's time, their adult howlswill allow them to keep in touch…
保持联♥系♥
…from seven miles away.
随着春天的气息越来越浓
As spring progresses,
一种更奇特的声音划破森林
a more peculiar noisecuts through the forest…
令人想不到的是这种声音来自一种小型动物
produced by an unlikely little animal.
也就是披肩榛鸡
The ruffed grouse.
一种体型圆滚滚且充满惊喜的小鸟
A plump little bird full of surprises.
这只发♥情♥的雄鸟希望能够吸引到新对象
This amorous maleis hoping to attract a partner.
正如其他披肩榛鸡 它歌♥艺不济
Like all ruffed grouse, he's no singer.
但胜在“鼓艺”精湛
But he is a drummer.
它用力释放出这种求偶的节奏一天长达12个小时以上
He belts out this mating beatmore than 12 hours a day.
只是在这片树林中
But in these woods…
到处宣扬自己的位置
…broadcasting your whereabouts
是一种极度危险的做法
at top volume is a dangerous game.
苍鹰在这里巡航
Goshawks patrol here.
胖嘟嘟的披肩榛鸡足以让它饱餐一顿
And a portly grouse would makean ample meal.
但雄鸟横竖都得设法让潜在配偶听到它的声音
He somehow needs to make himselfheard by potential mates
同时也要避免引起不必要的注意
without attracting unwanted attention.
通过超慢动作摄影机
For the first time,
人类首次揭秘它是怎么做到的
super slow-motion camerasreveal how he does it.
翅膀每拍动一次下方的羽毛便会往前挥动
With each wing beat,the lower feathers flick forwards,
舀起一团空气
scooping up a pocket of air…
产生一声巨响
creating a loud boom…
这声巨响往前方传播出去
which is channeleddirectly in front of him.
奇怪的是 从侧面只能听到微弱的颤动声
Strangely, from the side,just a faint fluttering can be heard.
但从正面听 音量却高出三倍
But from in front,it's three times louder,
让它得以将求偶声只朝潜在对象的方向传播
allowing him to broadcast his callonly in the direction of potential mates.
它的努力终于有了成果
And his efforts are paying off.
一只雌鸟被它的节奏吸引
A female attracted by his beat.
如今它必须确保自己的外形
Now he must make surehe looks as impressive…
与声音一样雄伟
as he sounds.
一切似乎很顺利
It seemed to be going well.
只是一察觉到风吹草动
But at the first hint of danger…
它就龟缩了
he chickens out.
随着森林的气温持续升高
As the forests continue to heat up…
连树也开始发出奇怪的声响了
even the treesstart making bizarre noises.
固定在树皮下的麦克风捕捉到一阵阵诡异的汩汩声
Microphones beneath the barkcapture strange gurgles…